tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65591568200245376592024-03-12T17:38:20.113-07:00NEWLY CONVERTED ISLAMQURAN TRANSLATION TAMIL,VERSES,TAFSEER,HOLY ,MASJID,MOSQUE,IMPORTANT WEBSITE,
MASJID IN CHINA,SURAH FATIHA,News magazine,Breaking news,Islamic news,Muslim news,Political news,Hajj,Mosque,Masjid,Quran Translation,Tamil,English,Urdu,islamic books,muslim books,Islam,Islaam,Islamic,Masjid,Masjids,Mosque,Masque,Mosq, Islamic Center,Arab,Arabic,Arbi,US,USA,United States, Find,Search engine,Finder,Jumuah,Friday prayer,organization,muslim,musalman,muslims,publish,Arabian,Middleast,LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.comBlogger157125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-50438834465177665112009-07-10T10:25:00.000-07:002015-01-14T01:17:24.087-08:00RETURNING YOUR TRUST - AAPKI AMANAT AAPKI SEWA MEIN - ENGLISH - HINDI - URDU - TAMIL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="userContent"><span style="font-size: x-large;">WHO IS GOD ? </span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Aapki Amanat Aapki Sewa Mein (English)</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Foreword</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Lets begin with some introspection - if we face a situation, where a small innocent child is running barefoot towards fire and is unaware of its perils, what will be our reaction to it? Won’t you consider it to be your moral responsibility to save the child by picking him up in your arms? And won’t you feel peaceful after doing this good deed? On similar lines, if any person gets severely burnt then you feel both sympathetic and concerned towards him.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> But, have we ever wondered the reason behind it. It’s due to the fact that the entire human race is a family of one father (Adam) and mother (Eve). Everyone has got a heart that has love, compassion and sympathy owing to which we share the joys and sorrows of others.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Hence, a true human being is the one whose heart is an infinite source of love for entire human race, whose every action is meant for service of others, who cringes at someone else’s sufferings and who seeks the purpose in help of others.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> In this world, the life is temporary; post death the life granted will be everlasting. Without acknowledging and submitting to the true God one will never achieve Heaven and will have to burn in Hell Fire for eternity.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> These days, millions of people with their own inactions are moving towards the hell fire. Hence, the onus is on those, who love humanity that they come forward and try to save others from the eternal perils of Hell Fire.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> We are grateful that Maulana Mohammed Kaleem Siddiqui, has presented some beautiful insights in the book, which are representative of his love towards humanity. It is also a reflection of his responsibility to show the right path to the non-followers/ignorants, which essentially is hallmark of a true Muslim. With these words, I will like to present your legacy to you. </b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Wasi Suleiman Nadvi</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b> Editor, Urdu Monthly Letter</b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><b>In the Name of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>, Most Gracious, Most Merciful</b></i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>My dear readers, I would like to seek your forgiveness for my Muslim brothers and me. Under influence of the archenemy of mankind – Satan, we have failed to convey your own legacy to you. Satan has corrupted our hearts such that there is hatred for the Sinners rather than Sins. Under its influence people have waged innumerable wars making this whole world a battlefield. In order to put things in correct perspective, I intend to selflessly convey your own legacy to you. Lord ,who knows what is in the heart of a person, is witness of the fact that in bringing the legacy to you, I am both selfless and sympathetic. The burden, of not being able to convey it to you till date, has lain heavily in my heart and has left me sleepless for many a nights.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>A Message of Love</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>I would request you to receive the message with love. I would also seek <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> to be the witness of my actions that I have tried to convey the legacy to my brothers and sisters as my responsibility. Please try to read, think and reason for the Lord, the sustainer of this world. After arriving in this world, it is essential that a human identifies and follows the real truth. It is his biggest responsibility. I would like to share the same message of love with you.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Biggest Truth</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The biggest truth of the world, rather universe is that the creator and the preserver of the world and entire universe is one and only one God. He is the only one of his type. There is no partner of Him in creating, preserving and destroying the world. He is everywhere, He listens to everyone and sees everything. Not even a single leaf can flutter without his command. Every human being, irrespective of his religious background, even if he is an idol worshipper will agree to the fact that there is only one God.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> If a person contemplates logically then he can easily conclude that there can be only one Lord. For example, if any institution has two heads then there will always be quarrel between them and the institution cant function then. If there cannot be two kings of the same kingdom then how can there be more than one master of the world?</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>An Argument</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Quran, which is the speech of God, has challenged the world: “If you doubt that Quran is not the true revelation of the God, then try writing even a small chapter which can parallel its Grace. You can summon the entire world to help you in the task” For the past 1400 years, many human beings, Science and Computers have challenged and were defeated. None could prove that Quran is not <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>’s Book.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> In this holy book, God has shared many arguments and examples so that the human mind can grasp the truth. For example, “Had there been many masters on Earth and Sky then chaos would have been let loose on Earth.” It’s quite clear; if there were many masters then it would have led to arguments and infighting amongst them. One would</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>have commanded for night while the other for day, one for 6 months a year other for 3 months a year, one for Sun rising in the East while other in the West. If there were other deities working with the Supreme lord as partners then it may happen that while they have blessed people for Rains, the Supreme God wants famine. Essentially it will lead to chaos and disaster.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>True Witness</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>In real sense everything in this world; the efficiently and perfectly running order of the world is a witness of the fact that there is one and only one master. He is free to do anything anytime. With our limited mind, we can neither imagine him nor can make idols of him. The God has created the entire world for the service of mankind. The Sun, Air,Earth, Fire, Water, Plants, Animals, everything - all are meant for the service of mankind. They are made subservient to Humans while the latter’s existence is meant for sole purpose of worshipping the God alone and following his wishes.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>It’s only justified that a true human being acknowledges the fact that our Life, Death, Food, Shelter and other necessities of life are provided by the blessings of the God. Hence, our life should be in accordance with His Wishes. Any person who is not leading his life as per the that one true God’s wishes then his existence is futile.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>An Indomitable Truth</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>In the Holy Quran, the true Lord has mentioned an indomitable truth: “Every life has to taste death, after which you will have to return to us” The verse has two truths in it. The first is that everything alive is mortal and will have to face death. Any believer or non-believer can’t deny this fact. Even animals acknowledge this law, which can be seen from their behavior- a mouse runs away from a cat, a dog is afraid of cars on the roads. It’s because they believe in death.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>After Death</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The second part of verse introduces the mankind to a powerful truth,which if understood and followed can change the entire world. The Lord says that after death, you will return back to me and based on your actions in the world you will be rewarded or punished accordingly. After death, you would neither perish nor will enter the endless cycle of rebirths. This viewpoint won’t be accepted by any logical mind. The very first argument is that such kinds of rebirth cycles aren’t</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>mentioned in Vedas. In Puranas, which came later, such cycles are mentioned, according to which man’s characters are passed on to the progeny through his semen. Satan (The Evil), who on religious pretext had divided the human society in upper and lower caste, has created the myth, owing to which lower caste people were openly exploited</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>and ill-treated. When these lower caste people questioned that when our Creator has made us equal in all senses, be it eye, ear, nose, hands then why have you positioned yourself superior to us. The Upper Caste people justified their actions based on Law of Karma. They said that the Shudras have to pay penance for the Sins committed in their previous life. As per this belief, all the souls are reborn and take birth as per the actions committed in previous life. Sinners take form of animals and those who commit the worst sins take form of vegetation. The good doers attain liberation.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Three Arguments again Cycle of Rebirth</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>1. The biggest argument against the common belief of rebirth is the scientific findings and conclusions, which state that the very first life form on earth was that of vegetation, followed by animals and after millions of years human beings were born. Since, the population of the former two can not be dependent on sins of humans, which came to life after a gap of millions of years, the argument for rebirth fails.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>2. The second argument is that as souls attain liberation, the population of humans, animals and vegetation should reduce but on the other hand opposite is true.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>3. Also there is a huge disparity between the birth and death rate. The total; number of births is much higher v/s the total number of deaths. Many a times innumerable insects take birth and very few humans die and vice versa.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>There are many people who have claimed that they can identify a place which they had never seen in this life, or they can tell the name of their past life. This leads to a wrong belief that people are taking rebirth. But essentially these are all doings of Satan who influences others in order to corrupt their belief. The truth will be revealed to all after death. Everyone has to return back to the Lord and on the Day of Judgment he will be punished or rewarded based on his deeds on earth.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Punishment or Reward for the Deeds</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>As an award for the good deeds and correct path, a soul will be rewarded with the heaven, where he will receive everything in plenty. The comfort and abundance of Heaven is unimaginable and unparallel. And the best part of heaven will be that those residing there will get to see the Lord from their own eyes. There is nothing comparable to it.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Similarly, the non-believers, who commit sins, by not following Lord’s commands, they will eternally burn in Hell Fire. They will be punished for each and every sin committed and the biggest punishment will be that they will be deprived of their Lord’s presence and love. And on them there will be wrath of their Lord.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Biggest Sin –Making Partner with God</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>In the Holy Quran, God has mentioned that the virtues or sins can be big or small. He has specifically mentioned that the biggest sin, for which a soul would never be forgiven, is to make partners with God. The non-believers will burn eternally in Hell Fire for not following the Commands of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>. He has commanded that one should not bow in veneration to any idol, Sun, Moon or Prophet. One should not consider anyone besides Him as sustainer, controller of life, death and worthy of worship. Shirk (associating partners with <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>) will not be forgiven; He may forgive any other sin if he wills. Committing of Shirk is the biggest Sin and people should guard themselves against it.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>An Example</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>We can appreciate this sin by usage of an Example. Lets assume there are two women. One is very argumentative; who fights every now and then with her husband and never pays heed to his sayings. In spite of these shortcomings she is essentially loyal to her husband and would never leave her true home. In this case, irrespective of her behavior,</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>her husband will be forced to (because of her love) to live with her. On the other hand, there is a docile wife, who is very caring, loving and obedient, she waits for her husband till late evening and serves him hot food. If one day she declares that she can’t live only with one husband and needs even her neighbor as her husband what will be you</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>make of the lady’s character? Inspite of all other talents she will be considered as Sinner and will be punished for the same. If we contemplate on this example and think on broader perspective, then we can appreciate why God can’t bear humans praying to anyone else but Him. If we, who are made from a tiny sperm, don’t like to be paralleled to anyone else, how can the infinite Lord, who has created the whole world, the earth, the sea, the air, the sun, the moon, the angels, who has given us innumerable resources for our sustenance can accept any partners to him? A human who indulges in worshipping any other deity other than Him, stands in front of Lord worst than a prostitute, who has given up her self-respect for some paltry gains.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Idol Worship prohibited in Holy Quran</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>There is an example presented in Holy Quran which is worth reflecting on:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>“O mankind! A similitude has been coined, so listen to it (carefully): Verily! Those, on whom you call besides <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>, cannot create (even) a fly, even though they combine together for the purpose. And if the fly snatched away a thing from them, they would have no power to release it from the fly. So weak are(both) the seeker and the sought.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>They have not estimated <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> His Rightful Estimate; Verily, <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> is All-Strong, All-Might”</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>To think of, the creator is always stronger than the creation, hence instead of humans worshipping idols (his creation); the idols should have worshipped humans. Thus it is impertinent to worship idols instead of the Supreme Lord.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>A Thought to Ponder On</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Many a people worship the Gurus who have shown the path of God to them, owing to which they claim they have received mercy of the Lord.It is akin to a situation, where you enquire regarding a train from a porter and once you received the information you alight on him instead! Hence, those who guide us regarding the right path are the intermediaries only who help us in our search of knowledge, but should never be confused with real God. There is only one God without any Parallel or Partner or any Subordinate or any Intermediary.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Few brothers also claim that the idols are used for lesser humans to concentrate on the Godhead. The argument is very shallow – can anyone look at a dog and claim that he uses it to think of his father. If one tries to limit the Merciful, Strongest and most Gracious Lord in weak idol of clay will it strengthen or weaken once faith?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> The conclusion is that those who make any partner to Supreme Lord are committing biggest sin for which they will never be forgiven and will have to spend an eternity in Hell.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> The Biggest Virtue is Faith</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> The biggest virtue, best deed and best act is “Faith”. After death, all the materialistic gains will be rendered useless but what will matter the most will be the fruits of Good Deeds we have done in the name of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>. Virtuous is the one who shares with others what is rightfully theirs. One who steals or snatches from others is a wrongdoer. Similarly, on humans there is only one benefactor, <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>, hence only he should be revered and no one else. He is the one who is Lord of our destiny, our gains and losses. When he alone is worthy of worship then only he should be worshipped. We should spend life given by Him the way He wills. Hence, a meaningful life is the one where we follow what</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>He has commanded and those who do not follow can’t be called truthful.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Our creator has right of our worship and he shouldn’t be denied of the same. One who does that and act to be a virtuous person is like a bandit robbing someone of his riches and then returning measly amount in order to look honest.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Honesty and Virtue is in believing and worshipping the sole creator and spending every precious moment of the transitory life given by Him in fulfilling his commands.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>True Religion</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Right from beginning there was only one religion, which states that only the Supreme Lord should be worshipped and we should follow his commands. The Holy Quran has stated: “There is only one religion of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>, which is Islam. Other than that, all others are irrelevant” The frailness of human is in his limitation – of sight, hearing, tasting</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>and feeling. Owing to the limitations of his senses his mind is also limited – it can’t imagine or understand beyond a boundary. What kind of Life God wants us to lead, how should we worship, what is life after death, which are the deeds, which will lead to Heaven or Hell? Such questions can’t be answered by human mind.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Prophet of God</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Considering human’s shortcomings, God has been kind to send his messengers on Earth who preached How to Live and Worship the God,which couldn’t have been thought correctly by human’s limited mind. Such great people are called as Prophets or Messengers. They are also termed as Avtaars, which means those who come to Earth but not</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Manifestations of God. To assume them to be God or God has manifested himself as human is superstition and a great sin. This creates a rift in your faith and one ends up worshipping the prophets/avatars instead of the Supreme Lord.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Such Messengers / Prophets are selected by God specially for conveying his message for benefit of Humankind. They have taken birth in al towns, regions and century. All of them taught to believe and worship the only Lord and asked to live our lives as per His Laws and Commands (Shariat). None of the Prophets have propagated anyone else’s worship other than His. On the other hand they have tried to stop the biggest Sin, Worshipping anyone else other than Lord, from hands of mankind time and again.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Beginning of Idol Worship</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Those innumerable prophets who had graced this earth and their followers both were mortals as other humans. They were governed by God’s Law of Life and Death; hence they perished like other humans. After their demise, the followers in their ignorance missed them and used to grieve. Satan saw this as a great opportunity to corrupt the</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>believers. He went to people and showed his fake sympathy. He also volunteered to make clay idols of the Prophets as their remembrance. Initially the people would come to see the idol whenever they missed their Prophets. As the time passed, Satan declared that if you your head in reverence in front of the idols then they would bless you.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Till then people already started loving the idol and they started worshipping them. Owing to this they got corrupted by Satan and started indulging in Shirk (i.e. associating partners with God). When a human, for whom the world has been made by Creator, bows to an idol of clay then he loses the mercy of Lord spending his afterlife in Hell. The merciful Lord sent many a Prophets to correct the human behavior; those who understood the sin and stopped it received God’s forgiveness while others perished.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Messages of Prophets</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> All the prophets who came had same base for the religion - there is only one God. They have time and again maintained that none should be made His partners; none but He should be worshipped; all the prophets should be believed in; the revelations, which you have received via them, should be revered and followed; believe in the</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>eternal life after this temporary life on Earth; our destiny is only determined by our Lord’s wish and finally the Shariat (Law of Life)which has been reveled should be lived.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> All the prophets and the revelations they disclosed were true and one should have faith on the same. It is only essential, that the prophets, who have time and again preached about one Lord and warned us against committing Shirk, should not be worshipped. Hence, those religious leaders who have propagated idol worship or polytheism were not prophets or their message got corrupted with time. Prior to Prophet Mohammed’s time all the revelations have got corrupted and many a times scriptures have also been changed.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> The Last Prophet – Hazrat Mohammed</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> It’s an invaluable truth that all the prophets and the scriptures foretold about the last Prophet. They also warned that after the revelations brought by last prophet all the previous revelations will be rendered meaningless and one should follow only what has be preached by him. It is an argument for the truth of Islam that inspite of all the corruption, which has happened in various scriptures this prophecy has been intact in them. This is the grace of God so that not even a single human can claim ignorance of this truth. In Vedas he has been mentioned as Narashansh*, in Purana as Kalki, in Bible as Pharkleet and Ahmat and in Buddhism as last Buddha. </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> *For further details please read Pt Vedprakash Upadhyay’s books –Kalki Avtaar aur Muhammed Saahab and Narashansh aur Antim Rishi. In these scriptures the birth time, place and other signs were revealed.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> <span style="color: red;">An Introduction of Hazrat Mohammed</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Almost 1400 years back, the last saint Mohammed Rasulallah Sallallahu Allahi Wa Sallam (peace be upon him - pbuh) was born in Makkah in South Arab. His father died few months before his birth and mother too died after some time. His grandfather and his uncle looked him after. He was loved by one and all in Makkah. As he grew older he</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>was known for his honesty and virtue. People would leave behind their valuables with his safekeeping. He would often resolve arguments between people. Kaaba, which is a holy place of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> was being rebuilt at that time, the people suggested those who would be virtuous should get the honor to place the Holy Stone in the corner of a wall. Many a</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>people jumped for the opportunity and they started infighting amongst them. It was subsequently suggested that the first person visiting Kaaba will get to do the honors. By God’s grace, Prophet Mohammed was the first person to visit Kaaba that day, on seeing him everyone cheered in unison and accepted him to place the Holy Stone. But Prophet Mohammed, true to his nature, spread a sheet and placed the stone on it. Further, he requested Leader of every group to hold a corner of the sheet and carry it towards the wall. Once they reached there, he picked the stone and placed it. He was a unanimous leader, whenever he went on a journey people grieved on his absence and overjoyed on his return. During that time, in Arab, there were 360 idols of various deities. Class discrimination, women exploitation, indulgence in gambling and alcohol, exploitation of poor by high interest rates, infighting among people and many other issues were prevalent .<br /> When he turned 40, then <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> started revealing the Quran to him via an angel. With this he was made a prophet with the responsibility to spread command of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> regarding monotheism.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Voice of Truth</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> He once stood on a peak of mountain and called everyone. People came running to his invite since the call came from a true and honest person. Further, he asked everyone, will they believe if he said that there was a very strong army behind the mountain who is ready to attack them? Everyone cried back in unison that they will believe him. Later he called them towards Islam and asked them to shun idol worship, which is a sure path towards Hell.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> A Human Weakness</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Humans have an essential weakness that they end up blindly following the right and wrong actions of their ancestors. They turn deaf to arguments, which try to break age-old myths. This leads to their ultimate downfall.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> Hurdles and Tests</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Owing to the above-mentioned weakness, the residents of Makkah who respected the prophet Mohammed (pbuh) for 40 years turned against him when he started the preaching. The more he called people towards the truth; more the animosity grew in their hearts. The nonbelievers tortured his followers by beating, making them lie on hot sand, by putting a noose on their necks and stoning them, Still he always prayed to <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> for their well being. Once in grief, when he went to the town of Taeef he was humiliated by the inmates who cussed and stoned him. Whenever he tried to rest the kids running behind him would stone him more. Inspite of such humiliations and pain he always prayed for their forgiveness. He would pray that they are ignorant and are unaware of their actions. Due to the hostile environment in Makkah he had to leave it and go to Madina, there too he faced many a hurdles.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Truth Prevails</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> End of the day, truth always prevails and even in this case was no exception. After 23 years of sincere and selfless efforts put in by Prophet Mohammed (pbuh), Islam was accepted by majority in Arab. It brought with it a revolution in the rest of the world, which marked the end of idol worship and class discrimination while the true followers increased in numbers.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Last Legacy</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Few years before his death, Prophet Mohammed went for Hajj with approximately 1.25 Lacs people. Then he gave his last legacy to everyone, saying after death when the audience will be asked whether he could spread God’s Religion (Deen) and Truth to all, what will be their reply? Everyone said, without doubt he could achieve what he had intended to. At that he pointed his finger towards sky and said it thrice that “Oh God, you be the Witness!” Then, he ordered others to take Islam to those who were still ignorant of the truth. He also specified that he was the last prophet and there won’t be any other after him. That he was the last Narashansh and last Kalki avatar that everyone was waiting for. It is mentioned in Quran that those who have received the books recognize him as a mother will recognize her son. Though few corrupts would try to hide the truth from others.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Every Human’s Responsibility</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Every human is bound by the religious and humanitarian responsibility that he follows only one Lord, doesn’t make partners to him and who believes Prophet Mohammed to be the last messenger and follows the revelation he had brought with him. It is called as Faith in Islam and one who doesn’t practice the same will burn in Hellfire for an eternity.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Two Questions</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Many a people will think now, that we can’t see any life after death and subsequently any Hell or Heaven. Hence why should one believe it? In this relation, all the religion and scriptures have explained regarding Hell and Heaven from which it can be concluded that the concept of Heaven and Hell is endorsed by all religions.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> We can also understand it with an example of an infant in womb. If you reveal to the infant that after coming out of womb he will cry, will drink milk, will get to see a lot of world still he will never believe it. Nevertheless, once he is born he will get to see everything as said. Similarly, this world can be considered as a womb and with out death we are born in the eternal life where we will get to see everything in front of us.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> The description of Heaven and Hell has been revealed to us by that honest man whose archenemy also never dared to call him a liar. Further, the truth is endorsed by Quran whose validity has been accepted both by believers and non-believers equally.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Second Question</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>`The second question which may occur to you is that if all the other religions and scriptures were true then why one needs to accept Islam. There is a very simple answer to that, if you think of Indian Parliament and Constitution, there were many real prime ministers – Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shashtri, Indira Gandhi, Rajeev Gandhi, V P Singh and others. They reigned during various time frames and they brought in new rules and policies based on the requirements at that time. All of the policies were true still an old rule or policy is overridden by a new one. All Indians are supposed to follow the latest rules. Any Indian, who says he would follow Indira Gandhi’s rules and not the new rules, will be considered a criminal in the eyes of law. Similarly, all the religions and religious scriptures were true and all of them points to the last prophet and final revelation. Inspite of the previous revelations, the mankind was forgetful in remembering the truth and ended up innovating new methods of worshipping while deviating from truth. By God’s grace we received a final revelation and the onus is on humankind to make the most of it.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>There Is Only One True Religion</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>It won’t be wrong to say that all the religions lead to the same God. There maybe more than one ways but only a single destination. There can be innumerable lies but only one truth, various shades of darkness but only one glorious light. Right from beginning, there has been only one true religion. The religion never changed even though the laws</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>changed with time as per God’s commands. Entire human race is one and their lord is only one. It is clearly mentioned in Quran that there is only one faith of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span> which is Islam.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>One More Question</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Skeptics may also ask that is there any proof that Hazrat Mohammed (pbuh) was a Prophet and the last messenger of <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>? </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> The truth is obvious; first of all, Quran is God’s Book. The arguments put forward by it couldn’t be challenged by anyone. It clearly declares Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) to be the last Prophet. Also, Prophet Mohammed’s life is open for scrutiny by all.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> No one in this world had a life, which has been as transparent as his. Even his enemies and non-believer historians never claimed that Prophet Mohammed ever lied to anyone. Residents of his town would swear by his name. The person, who never lied in his personal life how can he lie to anyone regarding God. He himself said that he was the</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>last Prophet and no one will come after him. All the previous prophesies mentioned by earlier Prophets and Scriptures pointed at him.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Thoughts of Pd Shri Ram Sharma</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Pt Ved Prakash has written that one who doesn’t accept Islam and doesn’t believe in Prophet Mohammed can’t be considered to be a Hindu. Since, it is clearly mentioned in Vedas and Puranas that one should follow the religion revealed by Narashansh and Kalki (respectively). Hence, a true Hindu who believes in his scriptures should surely follow Islam.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Need of Faith</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Islam and Faith are needed both for this world and Life Hereafter. It is human’s responsibility to be true to his lord and be loyal and steadfast towards him. One who pursues anyone else other than him is worse than a dog, which inspite of being an animal is at least loyal to his master.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> The faith is more important for the afterlife, since there is no return after Day of Judgment. He will never get another chance and worst still he will not even get another death even if he pleads for that. At that time he will repent for the sins he had committed in the worldly life. If a man dies without faith in this world then he would always burn in Hell Fire. If a single spark touches our body then we shriek in pain, then we can imagine the enormity of Hell Fire, which seventy</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>times hotter than fire. Once one layer of our skin is burnt we will receive a new skin. This torture will last for eternities.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Dear Readers</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> My dear readers, this life is unreliable- you never know when the death will arrive. Before death It is our responsibility that we fulfill the biggest responsibility given to us. Without faith both this life and the life hereafter will be futile. One day, everyone has to go in front of the Lord; at that time we will be questioned and judged on our faith. Even I have a hidden interest that when I would be judged on my efforts to spread the truth. I hope that the true words which I have shared with you are agreeable and acceptable to you. So lets make our Lord our witness and pray to the God:</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>“Ashahdu Allah Ilaha Illallahu Wa Ashadu Anna Muhammed</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Abdhu Wa Rasuluhu, Sallallahu Allahi Wa Sallam”</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Meaning</i>: I am the Witness that there is no one else worth worshipping other than the God, he has no partners and Hazrat Mohammed Sallallahu Allahi Wa Sallam is a real Prophet and true believer of God.</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Let’s now shun from atheism, associating partners with him and all other sins and also resolve to be obedient to the Lord’s commands and follow Prophet Mohammed’s path.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> My dear readers, I will also pray to our Merciful and Gracious Lord that we follow the right path till our last breath.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Now readers, if you lead your life with true faith then you will get to know regarding the beautiful returns.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Test of Faith</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Due to your Faith and Islam, you may be tested but believe me - Truth Prevails. Even if in this whole life you face tremendous hurdles and obstructions keep patience for Life Hereafter will bring in bounties of Heaven and the everlasting joy of being able to see the Lord. For those fruits the tribulations of this world don’t even matter.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Your Responsibility</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> One more thing, Faith and Islam are rights of every human even though he may be currently ignorant about it. Hence it’s your duty to bring this truth to them in the most selfless and sincere manner so that they would be saved from the perils of Hell Fire. Also pray from your lord that everyone is blessed with this truth. Can you consider yourself a human if a blind falls into a pit in front of you and you never even warned him? If a blind is forewarned then he will take an</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>alternate course and be saved. Similarly, it’s only human to save our brothers from Hell Fire.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>A true believer, who has received the revelations of Quran and the Prophet, should sincerely put in efforts to show true light to nonbelievers so that they get to correct their path. A truth told from a sincere heart and when told with full compassion brings in change in the hearts of people. If a single non-believer finds the right path then you have done justice to your responsibility. God is most pleased with the one who becomes a medium to spread Faith to others.</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>After You Receive Faith</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Once you have accepted Islam, then you should perform Salat (Namaz) five times a day. One should learn it and practice it. It will bring peace and will increase love towards <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>. In the holy month of Ramadan, one should fast daily. Those who can afford should go for Hajj once in his lifetime.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> Be warned, that you shouldn’t bow in front of anyone else but <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>. Further, Alcohol, Gambling, Pork Meat, Interest, Bribery and other unlawful things are banned and you should never indulge in the same. Also, cherish all the lawful things commanded by <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Allah</span></span>.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b> One should read Quran regularly and follow the laws of Hygiene and Cleanliness. One should also pray that our relatives, friends and all the humans residing in this Earth should die after accepting the Faith. Since faith is the only hope we have for this life and Life Hereafter. Abraham (pbuh) could jump into fire only because of his faith hence</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>he came out unscathed. The same faith can help us in crossing every hurdle and help us in achieving our final destination</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Peace be upon you.<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">For further Inquiries, Please Contact:<br /><br />Muhammad Kaleem Siddiqui,<br /><br />Phulat, Muzaffarnagar,<br /><br />U.P., India.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">Email : phulat@hotmail.com</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"> phulat@gmail.com </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"> lmt313@msn.com</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a dir="ltr" href="https://sites.google.com/site/faisalabbas1979/" id="sites-chrome-userheader-title">AAPKI AMANAT AAPKI SEWA MEIN</a> </span></h2>
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<span style="color: red;"><span dir="ltr" id="sites-page-title" style="font-size: x-large;">LISTEN IN HINDI HERE</span></span></h3>
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<span style="color: red;"><span dir="ltr" id="sites-page-title" style="font-size: x-large;">Read in Hindi</span></span>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">आपकी अमानत आपकी सेवा में </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">मुझे माफ़ कर दें।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मेरे प्यारे पाठको! मुझे माफ़ कर दीजिए, मैं आपकी और
सारी मुस्लिम बिरादरी की ओर से आपसे माफ़ी चाहता हूँ, जिसने इस दुनिया के सबसे बड़े
शैतान के बहकावे में आकर आपकी सबसे बड़ी दौलत आप तक नहीं पहुँचायी। उस शैतान ने पाप
की जगह पापी का अपमान मन में बिठा कर इस पूरे संसार को जंग का मैदान बना दिया। इस
ग़लती को सोचते ही मैंने आज क़लम उठाया है कि आपका हक़ आप तक पहुँचाऊं और बिना किसी
लालच के प्रेम और मानवता की बातें करुँ। </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>वह सच्चा स्वामी
जो मन का हाल जानता है, गवाह है कि इन पन्नों को आप तक पहुँचाने में अत्यन्त निष्ठा
के साथ मैं सच्ची हमदर्दी का हक़ निभाना चाहता हूँ। इन बातों को आप तक न पहुँचाने
के दुःख में कितनी रातों की मेरी नींद उड़ी है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">एक प्रेम से भरी बात</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>यह बात करने की
नहीं, मगर मेरी इच्छा है कि मेरी इन प्रेम भरी बातों को आप प्यार की आँखों से देखें
और पढ़ें। उस स्वामी के बारे में जो सारे संसार को चलाने और बनाने वाला है, सोच
विचार करें, ताकि मेरे मन और मेरी आत्मा को शान्ति मिले कि मैं ने अपने भाई या बहन
की अमानत उस तक पहुँचाई और अपने मनुष्य और भाई होने का कर्तव्य पूरा किया।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस संसार में
आने के बाद एक मनुष्य के लिए जिस सच्चाई को जानना और मानना आवश्यक है और जो इसकी
सबसे बड़ी ज़िम्मेदारी और कर्तव्य है वह प्रेम भरी बात में आपको सुनाना चाहता
हूँ।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">प्रकृति का सबसे बड़ा सच</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस संसार, बल्कि
प्रकृति की सबसे बड़ी सच्चाई यह है कि इस संसार में सारे जीवों और पूरी कायनात को
बनाने वाला, पैदा करने वाला और उसका प्रबन्ध करने वाला केवल और केवल एक अकेला
स्वामी है। वह अपनी ज़ात, गुण और अधिकारों में अकेला है। दुनिया को बनाने, चलाने,
मारने और जिलाने में उसका कोई साझी नहीं। वह एक ऐसी शक्ति है जो हर जगह मौजूद है।
हरेक की सुनता है हरेक को देखता है। सारे संसार में एक पत्ता भी उसकी आज्ञा के बिना
हिल नहीं सकता। हर मनुष्य की आत्मा उसकी गवाही देती है, चाहे वह किसी भी धर्म का
मानने वाला हो और चाहे वह मूर्ति का पुजारी ही क्यों न हो मगर अंदर से वह विश्वास
रखता है कि पैदा करने वाला, पालने वाला, पालनहार और असली मालिक तो केवल वही एक
है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इंसान की बुद्धि
में भी इसके अलावा और कोई बात नहीं आती कि सारे संसार का स्वामी एक ही है। यदि किसी
स्कूल के दो प्रधानाचार्य हों तो स्कूल नहीं चल सकता। यदि एक गांव के दो प्रधान हों
तो गांव की व्यवस्था तलपट हो जाएगी। किसी देश के दो बादशाह नहीं हो सकते तो इतनी
बड़ी और व्यापक कायनात की व्यवस्था एक से अधिक स्वामियों के द्वारा कैसे चल सकती
है? और संसार की प्रबंधक कई हस्तियां कैसे हो सकती हैं?</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CRALFqJtsvc/Uel24PrMMYI/AAAAAAAAAdU/Ddi910M3wgA/s1600/images+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CRALFqJtsvc/Uel24PrMMYI/AAAAAAAAAdU/Ddi910M3wgA/s320/images+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" height="320" width="285" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">एक दलील</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कुरआन, जो
अल्लाह की वाणी है उसने दुनिया को अपनी सत्यता बताने के लिए यह दावा किया है
कि-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘‘हमने जो कुछ
अपने बन्दे पर ( कुरआन) उतारा है उसमें यदि तुमको संदेह है (कि कुरआन उस मालिक का
सच्चा कलाम नहीं है) तो इस जैसी एक सूरत ही (बना) ले आओ और चाहो तो इस काम के लिए
अल्लाह को छोड़ कर अपने सहायकों को भी (मदद के लिए) बुला लो, यदि तुम सच्चे हो।0’’
(अनुवाद कुरआन, बक़रा 2:23)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>चौदह-सौ साल से
आज तक दुनिया के योग्य लेखक, विद्वान और बुद्धिजीवी शौध और रिसर्च करके थक चुके और
अपना सिर झुका चुके हैं, पर वास्तव में कोई भी अल्लाह की इस चुनौती का जवाब न दे
सका और न भविष्य में दे सकेगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस पवित्र
पुस्तक में अल्लाह ने हमारी बुद्धि को अपील करने के लिए बहुत सी दलीलें दी हैं। एक
उदाहरण यह है कि-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">‘‘यदि धरती और आकाशों में अल्लाह के अलावा स्वामी और शासक होते तो इन दोनों
में बड़ा बिगाड़ और उत्पात मच जाता।’’ (अनुवाद कुरआन, अम्बिया 21:22) </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>बात स्पष्ट है।
यदि एक के अलावा कई शासक व स्वामी होते तो झगड़ा होता। एक कहताः अब रात होगी, दूसरा
कहताः दिन होगा। एक कहताः छः महीने का दिन होगा, दूसरा कहताः तीन महीने का होगा। एक
कहताः सूरज आज पश्चिम से उदय होगा, दूसरा कहताः नहीं पूरब से उदय होगा। यदि
देवी-देवताओं को यह अधिकार वास्तव में होता और वे अल्लाह के कामों में भागीदार भी
होते तो कभी ऐसा होता कि एक गुलाम ने पूजा अर्चना करके वर्षा के देवता से अपनी
इच्छा मनवा ली तो बड़े स्वामी की ओर से आदेश आता कि अभी वर्षा नहीं होगी। फिर नीचे
वाले हड़ताल कर देते। अब लोग बैठे हैं कि दिन नहीं निकला, पता चला कि सूरज देवता ने
हड़ताल कर रखी है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>सच यह है कि
दुनिया की हर चीज़ गवाही दे रही है, यह संगठित रुप से चलती हुई कायनात की व्यवस्था
गवाही दे रही है कि संसार का स्वामी अकेला और केवल एक है। वह जब चाहे और जो चाहे कर
सकता है। उसे कल्पना एवं विचारों में क़ैद नहीं किया जा सकता। उसकी तस्वीर नहीं
बनाई जा सकती। उस स्वामी ने सारे संसार को मनुष्यों के फ़ायदे और उनकी सेवा के लिए
पैदा किया है। सूरज मनुष्य का सेवक, हवा मनुष्य की सेवक, यह धरती भी मनुष्य की सेवक
है। आग, पानी, जानदार और बेजान दुनिया की हर वस्तु मनुष्य की सेवा के लिए बनायी गयी
है। और उस स्वामी ने मनुष्य को अपना दास बना कर उसे अपनी उपासना करने और आदेश मानने
के लिए पैदा किया है, ताकि वह इस दुनिया के सारे मामलों को सुचारु रुप से पूरा करे
और इसी के साथ उसका स्वामी व उपास्य उससे प्रसन्न व राज़ी हो जाए।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>न्याय की बात है
कि जब पैदा करने वाला, जीवन देने वाला, मौत देने वाला, खाना, पानी देने वाला और
जीवन की हर ज़रूरत को पूरी करने वाला वही एक है तो सच्चे मनुष्य को अपने जीवन और
जीवन संबंधी समस्त मामलों को अपने स्वामी की इच्छा के अनुसार उसका आज्ञापालक होकर
पूरा करना चाहिए। यदि कोई मनुष्य अपना जीवनकाल उस अकेले स्वामी का आदेश मानते हुए
नहीं गुज़ार रहा है तो सही अर्थों में वह मनुष्य कहलाने योग्य नहीं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">एक बड़ी सच्चाई</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>उस सच्चे स्वामी
ने अपनी सच्ची पुस्तक कुरआन में बहुत सी सच्चाई में से एक सच्चाई हमें यह बतायी
है-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">‘‘हर जीवन को मौत का स्वाद चखना है फिर तुम सब हमारी ही ओर लौटाए जाओगे।’’
(अनुवाद कुरआन, अन्कबूत 29:57)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस आयत के दो
भाग हैं। पहला यह कि हरेक जीव को मौत का स्वाद चखना है। यह ऐसी बात है कि हर धर्म,
हर वर्ग और हर स्थान का आदमी इस बात पर विश्वास करता है बल्कि जो धर्म को भी नहीं
मानता वह भी इस सच्चाई के सामने सिर झुकाता है और जानवर तक मौत की सच्चाई को समझते
हैं। चूहा, बिल्ली को देखते ही अपनी जान बचाकर भागता है और कुत्ता भी सड़क पर आती
हुई किसी गाड़ी को देख कर अपनी जान बचाने के लिए तेज़ी से हट जाता है, क्योंकि ये
जानते हैं कि यदि इन्होंने ऐसा न किया तो उनका मर जाना निश्चित है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">मौत के बाद</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस आयत के दूसरे
भाग में क़ुरआन एक और बड़ी सच्चाई की ओर हमारा ध्यान आकृष्ट करता है। यदि वह मनुष्य
की समझ में आ जाए तो सारे संसार का वातावरण बदल जाए। वह सच्चाई यह है कि तुम मरने
के बाद मेरी ही ओर लौटाए जाओगे और इस संसार में जैसा काम करोगे वैसा ही बदला
पाओगे।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मरने के बाद तुम
मिट्टी में मिल जाओगे या गल सड़ जाओगे और दोबारा जीवित नहीं किए जाआगे, ऐसा नहीं है
और न यह सच है कि मरने के बाद तुम्हारी आत्मा किसी और शरीर में प्रवेश कर जाएगी। यह
दृष्टिकोण किसी भी दृष्टि से मानव बुद्धि की कसौटी पर खरा नहीं उतरता।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>पहली बात यह है
कि आवागमन का यह काल्पनिक विचार वेदों में मौजूद नहीं है, बाद के पुरानों
(देवमालाई कहानियों) में इसका उल्लेख है। इस विचारधारा की शुरुआत इस प्रकार हुई कि
शैतान ने धर्म के नाम पर लोगों को ऊँच-नीच में जकड़ दिया। धर्म के नाम पर शूद्रों
से सेवा कराने और उनको नीच और तुच्छ समझने वाले धर्म के ठेकेदारों से समाज के दबे
कुचले वर्ग के लोगों ने जब यह सवाल किया कि जब हमारा पैदा करने वाला ईश्वर है और
उसने सारे मनुष्यों को आँख, कान, नाक, हर वस्तु में समान बनाया है तो आप लोग अपने
अपको ऊँचा और हमें नीचा और तुच्छ क्यों समझते हैं? इसका उन्होंने आवागमन का सहारा
लेकर यह जवाब दिया कि तुम्हारे पिछले जीवन के बुरे कामों ने तुम्हें इस जन्म में
नीच और अपमानित बनाया है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस विचाराधारा
के अनुसार सारी आत्माएं। दोबारा पैदा होती हैं और अपने कामों के हिसाब से शरीर बदल
कर आती हैं। अधिक बुरे काम करने वाले लोग जानवरों के शरीर में पैदा होते हैं। इनसे
और अधिक बुरे काम करने वाले वनस्पति के रुप में आ जाते हैं, जिनके काम अच्छे होते
हैं, वे आवागमन के चक्कर से मुक्ति पा जाते हैं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">आवागमन के विरुद्ध तीन तर्क</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">1.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस सम्बंध में
सबसे बड़ी बात यह है कि वैज्ञानिकों का कहना है कि इस धरती पर सबसे पहले वनस्पति
पैदा हुई, फिर जानवर पैदा हुए और उसके करोड़ों साल बाद मनुष्य का जन्म हुआ। अब जबकि
मनुष्य अभी इस धरती पर पैदा ही नहीं हुआ था और किसी मानव आत्मा ने अभी बुरा काम
किया ही नहीं था तो सवाल पैदा होता है कि वे किसकी आत्माएं थीं, जिन्होंने अनगिनत
जानवरों और पेड़ पौधों के रुप में जन्म लिया?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">2.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>दूसरी बात यह
है कि इस विचार धारा को मान लेने के बाद तो यह होना चाहिए था कि धरती पर जानवरों की
संख्या में निरंतर कमी होती रहती। जो आत्माएं आवागमन से मुक्ति पा लेतीं, उनकी
संख्या कम होती रहनी चाहिए थी, जबकि यह वास्तविकता हमारे सामने है कि धरती पर
मनुष्यों, जानवरों और वनस्पति हर प्रकार के जीवों की संख्या में निरंतर बड़ी भारी
वृद्धि हो रही है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">3.<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>तीसरी बात यह
है कि इस दुनिया में पैदा होने वालों और मरने वालों की संख्या में धरती व आकाश के
जितना अंतर दिखाई देता है, मरने वालों की तुलना में पैदा होने वालों की संख्या कहीं
अधिक है। खरबों अनगिनत मच्छर पैदा होते हैं, जबकि मरने वाले इससे बहुत कम
हैं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कभी अपने देश
में किसी बच्चे के बारे में यह बात फैल जाती है कि वह उस जगह को पहचान रहा है, जहां
वह पिछले जन्म में रहता था। अपना पुराना नाम भी बता रहा है और यह भी कि उसने दोबारा
जन्म लिया है। सच्ची बात तो यह है कि इन सारी बातों का वास्तविकता से कोई संबंध
नहीं होता। इस प्रकार की चीजें विभिन्न प्रकार की मनोवैज्ञानिक व मानसिक रोग या
आध्यात्मिक व सामाजिक व हालात की प्रतिक्रिया का नतीजा होती हैं, जिनका सुचारु रुप
से इलाज कराया जाना चाहिए। मूल वास्तविकता से इनका दूर तक कोई वास्ता नहीं
होता।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>सच्ची बात यह है
कि हक़ीकत मरने के बाद हर मनुष्य के सामने आ जाएगी कि मनुष्य मरने के बाद अपने पैदा
करने वाले स्वामी के पास जाता है और उसने उस संसार में जैसे काम किए होंगे, उसके
हिसाब से प्रलय में दण्ड या इनाम पाएगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">कर्मों का फल मिलेगा</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>यदि मनुष्य अपने
पालनहार की उपासना और उसकी बात मानते हुए अच्छे काम करेगा, भलाई और सदाचार के
रास्ते पर चलेगा तो वह अपने पालनहार की कृपा से जन्नत में जाएगा। जन्नत, जहाँ आराम
की हर वस्तु है, बल्कि वहाँ तो आनंद व सुख वैभव की ऐसी वस्तुएं भी है, जिनको इस
दुनिया में न किसी आँख ने देखा न किसी कान ने सुना न किसी दिल में उनका विचार आया।
और जन्नत की सबसे बडी नेमत यह होगी कि जन्नती लोग वहाँ अपनी आँखों से अपने स्वामी
एवं पालनहार को देख सकेंगे, जिसके बराबर आनन्द और हर्ष की कोई वस्तु नहीं
होगी।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसी तरह जो लोग
बुरे काम करेंगे अपने पालनहार के साथ दूसरों को भागी बनाएंगे और विद्रोह करके अपने
स्वामी के आदेश का इन्कार करेंगे वे नरक में डाले जाएंगे। वे वहाँ आग में जलेंगे।
वहाँ उनको उनके बुरे कामों और अपराधों का दण्ड मिलेगा और सबसे बडा दंड यह होगा कि
वे अपने स्वामी को देखने से वंचित रह जाएंगे और उन पर उनके स्वामी की दर्दनाक यातना
होगी।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">पालनहार का साझी बनाना सबसे बड़ा गुनाह</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>उस सच्चे असली
स्वामी ने अपनी किताब कुरआन में हमे बताया कि भलाइयां और सदकर्म छोटे भी होते हैं
और बडे़ भी। इसी तरह उस स्वामी के यहाँ अपराध, पाप और बुरे काम भी छोटे बडे़ होते
हैं। उसने हमें बताया है कि जो अपराध व पाप मनुष्य को सबसे अधिक और भयानक दण्ड का
भोगी बनाता है, जिसे वह कभी क्षमा नहीं करेगा और जिसको करने वाला सदैव के लिए नरक
में जलता रहेगा। वह नरक से बाहर नहीं जा सकेगा। वह मौत की इच्छा करेगा परन्तु उसे
मौत कभी न आएगी।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>वह अपराध इस
अकेले ईश्वर, पालनहार के साथ, उसके गुणों व अधिकारों में किसी को भागीदार बनाना है,
इसके अलावा किसी दूसरे के आगे अपना सिर या माथा टेकना है और किसी और को पूजा योग्य
मानना, मारने वाला, जीवित करने वाला, आजीविका देने वाला, लाभ व हानि का मालिक समझना
बहुत बडा पाप और अत्यन्त ऊँचें दर्जे का जुल्म है, चाहे ऐसा किसी देवी देवता को
माना जाए या सूरज चांद, सितारे या किसी पीर फ़क़ीर को, किसी को भी उस एक मात्रा
स्वामी के गुणों में बराबर का या भागीदार समझना शिर्क (बहुदेववाद) है, जिसे वह
स्वामी कभी क्षमा नहीं करेगा। इसके अलावा किसी भी गुनाह को यदि वह चाहे तो माफ़ कर
देगा। इस पाप (अर्थात शिर्क) को स्वयं हमारी बुद्धि भी इतना ही बुरा समझती है और
हमें भी इस काम को उतना ही अप्रिय समझते हैं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">एक उदाहरण</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>उदाहरण स्वरूप
यदि किसी की पत्नी बड़ी नकचढ़ी हो, सामान्य बातों पर झगड़े पर उतर आती हो, कुछ कहना
सुनना नहीं मानती हो, लेकिन पति यदि इस घर से उसे निकलने को कह दे तो वह कहती है कि
मैं केवल तेरी हूँ, तेरी ही रहूंगी, तेरे ही दरवाजे पर मरूंगी और एक क्षण के लिए
तेरे घर से बाहर नहीं जाऊँगी तो पति लाख क्रोध के बाद भी उसे निभाने के लिए मजबूर
हो जाएगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसके विपरीत यदि
किसी की पत्नी बड़ी सेवा करने वाली, आदेश का पालन करने की पाबन्द हो, वह हर समय
उसका ध्यान रखती हो, पति आधी रात को घर आता हो उसकी प्रतीक्षा करती हो, उसके लिए
खाना गर्म करके उसके सामने रख देती हो, उससे प्रेम भरी बातें भी करती हो, वह एक दिन
उससे कहने लगे कि आप मेरे जीवन साथी हैं लेकिन मेरा अकेले आप से काम नहीं चलता,
इसलिए अपने अमुक पड़ौसी को भी मैंने आज से अपना पति बना लिया है तो यदि उसके पति
में कुछ भी ग़ैरत होगी तो वह यह बात कदापि सहन नहीं कर सकेगा। वह एक क्षण के लिए भी
ऐसी एहसान फ़रामोश, निर्लज्ज और ख़राब औरत को अपने पास रखना पसन्द नहीं
करेगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>आख़िर ऐसा क्यों
है? केवल इसलिए कि कोई पति अपने पति होने के विशेष अधिकारों में किसी को भागीदार
देखना नहीं चाहता। आप वीर्य की एक बूंद से बनी अपनी सन्तान में किसी और को अपना
साझी बनाना पसन्द नहीं करते तो वह स्वामी जो अत्यन्त तुच्छ बूंद से मनुष्य को पैदा
करता है वह कैसे यह सहन कर लेगा कि उसका पैदा किया हुआ मनुष्य उसके साथ किसी और को
उसका साझी या भागीदार बनाए, उसके साथ किसी दुसरे की उपासना की जाए और बात मानी जाए,
जबकि इस पूरे संसार में जिसे जो कुछ दिया है उसी ने प्रदान किया है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>जिस प्रकार एक
वैश्या अपनी इज़्ज़त व सतीत्व बेच कर हर आने वाले आदमी को अपने ऊपर क़ब्ज़ा दे देती
है तो इसी कारण वह हमारी नज़रों से गिरी हुई रहती है, तो वह आदमी भी अपने स्वामी की
नज़रों में इससे कहीं अधिक नीच, अपमानित और गिरा हुआ है, जो उसे छोड कर किसी दूसरे
की उपासना में मस्त हो, चाहे वह कोई देवता हो या फ़रिशता, जिन्न हो या मनुष्य,
मूर्ति हो या बुत, क़ब्र हो या स्थान या कोई दूसरी काल्पनिक वस्तु।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">क़ुरआन में मूर्ति पूजा का
विरोध</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मूर्ति पूजा के
लिए कुरआन में एक उदाहरण प्रस्तुत किया गया है, जो सोच विचार करने योग्य है-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">‘‘अल्लाह को छोडकर तुम जिन (मूर्ति, क़ब्र व अस्थान वालों) को पुकारते हो, वे
सब मिलकर एक मक्खी भी पैदा नहीं कर सकते (पैदा करना तो दूर की बात है) यदि मक्खी
उनके सामने से कोई वस्तु (प्रसाद आदि) छीन ले जाए तो वे उसे वापस भी नहीं ले सकते।
माँगने वाला और जिससे माँगा जा रहा है दोनों कितने कमजोर हैं और उन्होने अल्लाह का
इस तरह महत्व नहीं समझा जैसा समझना चाहिए था। निस्संदेह अल्लाह शाक्तिशाली और
ज़बरदस्त है।’’</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">(अनुवाद कुरआन, हज 22:73-74)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कितना सटीक
उदाहरण है। बनाने वाला तो स्वयं अल्लाह है। अपने हाथों से बनाई गयी मूर्तियों और
बुतों के बनाने वाले बेख़बर मनुष्य हैं। यदि इन मूर्तियों में थोडी बहुत समझ होती
तो वे मनुष्यों की उपासना करतीं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">एक कमजोर विचार</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कुछ लोगों का यह
मानना है कि हम उनकी उपासना इसलिए करते हैं कि उन्होने ही हमें मालिक का रास्ता
दिखाया है और उनके माध्यम से हम मालिक की कृपा हासिल करते हैं। यह बिल्कुल ऐसी बात
हुई कि कोई कुली से ट्रेन के बारे में मालूम करे और जब कुली उसे सही जानकारी दे दे
तो वह ट्रेन की जगह कुली पर ही सवार हो जाए कि इसी ने हमें ट्रेन के बारे में बताया
है। इसी तरह अल्लाह की ओर सही मार्ग दर्शन करने और रास्ता बताने वाले की उपासना
करना ठीक ऐसा ही है, जैसे ट्रेन को छोड़ कर कुली पर सवार हो जाना।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कुछ भाई यह भी
कहते हैं कि हम केवल ध्यान जमाने और अपने को आकर्षित करने के लिए इन मूर्तियों को
रखते हैं। यह भी भली कही कि बड़े ध्यान से किसी खम्बे को देख रहे हैं और कह रहे हैं
कि हम तो केवल पिताजी का ध्यान जमाने के लिए खम्बे को देख रहे हैं। कहाँ पिताजी और
कहाँ खम्बा? कहाँ ये कमज़ोर मूर्तियाँ और कहाँ वह शक्तिशाली, बलवान और दयावान
मालिक! इससे ध्यान बंधेगा या बटेगा?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>सारांश यह है कि
किसी भी तरह से किसी को भी अल्लाह का साझी मानना महा पाप है, जिसे वह कभी भी क्षमा
नहीं करेगा और ऐसा आदमी सदैव के लिए नरक का ईंधन बनेगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">सबसे बड़ा सदकर्म ईमान है</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसी प्रकार सबसे
बड़ा सदकर्म ‘‘ईमान’’ है, जिसके बारे में दुनिया के समस्त धर्म वाले यह कहते हैं कि
सब कुछ यहीं छोड़ जाना है, मरने के बाद आदमी के साथ केवल ईमान जाएगा। ईमानदार या
ईमान वाला उसे कहते हैं जो हक़ देने वाला हो, इसके विपरीत हक़ मारने वाले को ज़ालिम
व काफ़िर (इन्कारी) कहते हैं। मनुष्य पर सबसे बड़ा हक़ उसके पैदा करने वाले का है।
वह यह कि सबको पैदा करने वाला, जीवन और मृत्यु देने वाला स्वामी, पालनहार और उपासना
के योग्य केवल अकेला अल्लाह है, तो फिर उसी की उपासना की जाए, उसी को स्वामी, लाभ
हानि, सम्मान व अपमान देने वाला समझा जाए और उसके दिए हुए जीवन को उसकी इच्छा व
आज्ञा अनुसार बसर किया जाए। उसी को माना जाए और उसी की मानी जाए। इसी का नाम ईमान
है। केवल एक को मालिक माने बिना और उसी का आज्ञा पालन किए बिना मनुष्य ईमानदार
अर्थात ईमान वाला नहीं हो सकता बल्कि वह बे-ईमान और काफ़िर कहलाएगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मालिक का सबसे
बड़ा हक़ मार कर लोगों के सामने अपनी ईमानदारी जताना ऐसा ही है कि एक डाकू बहुत
बड़ी डकैती से मालदार बन जाए और फिर दुकान पर लाला जी से कहे कि आपका एक रुपया मेरे
पास हिसाब में अधिक आ गया है, आप ले लीजिए। इतना माल लूटने के बाद एक रुपए का हिसाब
देना, ईमानदारी नहीं है। अपने मालिक को छोड़ कर किसी और की उपासना करना इससे भी
बुरी और घिनौनी ईमानदारी है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ईमान केवल यह है
कि मनुष्य अपने मालिक को अकेला माने, उस अकेले की उपासना और जीवन की हर घड़ी को
मालिक की मर्ज़ी और उसके आदेशानुसार बसर करे। उसके दिए हुए जीवन को उसकी इच्छानुसार
बसर करना ही दीन कहलाता है और उसके आदेशों को ठुकरा देना अधर्म है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">सच्चा दीन</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>सच्चा दीन आरंभ
से ही एक है और उसकी शिक्षा है कि उस अकेले ही को माना जाए और उसी का हुक्म भी माना
जाए। अल्लाह ने कुरआन में कहा है-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">‘‘इस्लाम के अलावा जो भी किसी और दीन को अपनाएगा वह अस्वीकार्य होगा और ऐसा
व्यक्ति परलोक में हानि उठाने वालों में होगा।’’ (अनुवाद कुरआन, आले इमरान
3:85)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मनुष्य की
कमज़ोरी है कि उसकी नज़र एक विशेष सीमा तक देख सकती है। उसके कान एक सीमा तक सुन
सकते हैं, उसके सूंघने चखने और छूने की शक्ति भी सीमित है। इन पाँच इन्द्रियों से
उसकी बुद्धि को जानकारी मिलती है, इसी तरह बुद्धि की पहुँच की भी एक सीमा है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>वह मालिक किस
तरह का जीवन पसंद करता है? उसकी उपासना किस तरह की जाए? मरने के बाद क्या होगा?
जन्नत किन लोगों को मिलेगी? वे कौन से काम हैं जिनके नतीजे में मनुष्य नरक में
जाएगा? इन सारी बातों का पता मानव बुद्धि, सूझ बूझ और ज्ञान से नहीं लगाया जा सकता।
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">पैग़म्बर (सन्देष्टा)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मनुष्यों की इस
कमज़ोरी पर दया करके उसके पालनकार ने अपने बंदों में से उन महान मनुष्यों पर जिनको
उसने इस दायित्व के योग्य समझा, अपने फ़रिश्तों द्वारा उन पर अपना संदेश उतारा,
जिन्होंने मनुष्य को जीवन बसर करने और उपासना के तौर तरीके़ बताए और जीवन की वे
सच्चाईयाँ बतायीं जो वह अपनी बुद्धि के आधार पर नहीं समझ सकता था।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ऐसे बुज़ुर्ग और
महान मनुष्य को नबी, रसूल या सन्देष्टा कहा जाता है। इसे अवतार भी कह सकते हैं
बशर्ते कि अवतार का मतलब हो ‘‘वह मनुष्य, जिसे अल्लाह ने मनुष्यों तक अपना संदेश
पहुँचाने के लिए चुना हो’’। लेकिन आज कल अवतार का मतलब यह समझा जाता है कि ईश्वर
मनुष्य के रूप में धरती पर उतरा है। यह व्यर्थ विचार और अंधी आस्था है। यह महा पाप
है। इस असत्य धारणा ने मनुष्य को एक मालिक की उपासना से हटाकर उसे मूर्ति पूजा की
दलदल में फंसा दिया।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>वह महान मनुष्य
जिनको अल्लाह ने लोगों को सच्चा रास्ता बताने के लिए चुना और जिनको नबी और रसूल कहा
गया, हर क़ौम में आते रहे हैं। उन सब ने लोगों को एक अल्लाह को मानने, केवल उसी
अकेले की उपासना करने और उसकी इच्छा से जीवन बसर करने का जो तरीक़ा (शरीअत या
धार्मिक क़ानून) वे लाए, उसकी पाबन्दी करने को कहा। इनमें से किसी संदेष्टा ने भी
ईश्वर के अलावा अपनी या किसी और की उपासना की दावत नहीं दी, बल्कि उन्होंने उसे
सबसे भयानक और बड़ा भारी अपराध ठहराते हुए सबसे अधिक इसी पाप से लोगों को रोका।
उनकी बातों पर लोगों ने विश्वास कर लिया और सच्चे मार्ग पर चलने लगे।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">मूर्ति पूजा कब आरंभ हुई?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ऐसे समस्त
सन्देष्टा और उनके मानने वाले लोग सदाचारी मनुष्य थे। उनको मौत आनी थी (जिसे मौत
नहीं वह केवल अल्लाह है।) नबी या रसूल या सदाचारी लोगों की मौत के बाद उनके मानने
वालों को उनकी बहुत याद आयी और वे उनकी याद में बहुत रोते थे। शैतान को मौक़ा मिल
गया। वह मनुष्य का दुश्मन है और मनुष्य की परीक्षा के लिए अल्लाह ने उसे बहकाने और
बुरी बातें मनुष्य के दिल में डालने का साहस जुटा दिया कि देखें कौन उस पैदा करने
वाले मालिक को मानता है और कौन शैतान का मानता है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>शैतान लोगों के
पास आया और कहा कि तुम्हें अपने रसूल या बुजुर्ग से बड़ा प्रेम है। मरने के बाद वे
तुम्हारी नज़रों से ओझल हो गए हैं, ये सब अल्लाह के चहेते बन्दे हैं। अल्लाह उनकी
बात नहीं टालता, इसलिए में उनकी एक मूर्ति बना देता हूँ। उसे देख कर तुम सुख शान्ति
पा सकते हो। शैतान ने मूर्ति बनाई। जब उनका मन करता, वे उसे देखा करते थे।
धीरे-धीरे जब उस मूर्ति की मुहब्बत उनके दिल में बस गई तो शैतान ने कहा कि ये रसूल
(सन्देष्टा), नबी व बुज़ुर्ग अल्लाह के बड़े निकट हैं। यदि तुम इनकी मूर्ति के आगे
अपना सिर झुकाओगे तो अपने को ईश्वर के समीप पाओगे और ईश्वर तुम्हारी बात मान लेगा
या तुम ईश्वर से समीप हो जाओगे।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मनुष्य के मन
में मूर्ति की आस्था पहले ही घर कर चुकी थी, इसलिए उसने मूर्ति के आगे सिर झुकाना
और उसे पूजना आरंभ कर दिया और वह मनुष्य जिसकी उपासना के योग्य केवल एक अल्लाह था,
मूर्तियों को पूजने लगा और शिर्क (बहुदेववाद) में फंस गया। मनुष्य जिसे अल्लाह ने
धरती पर अपना ख़लीफ़ा (प्रतिनिधि) बनाया था, जब अल्लाह के अलावा दूसरों के आगे
झुकने लगा तो अपनी और दूसरों की नज़रों में अपमानित और घृणा का पात्रा हो गया और
मालिक की नज़रों से गिर कर सदैव के लिए नरक उसका ठिकाना बन गया।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसके बाद अल्लाह
ने फिर अपने सन्देष्टा भेजे, जिन्होंने लोगों को मूर्ति पूजा ही नहीं, हर प्रकार के
बहुदेववाद और अन्याय से संबंध रखने वाली बुराईयों और नैतिक बिगाड़ से रोका। कुछ
लोगों ने उनकी बात मानी और कुछ लोगों ने उनकी अवज्ञा की। जिन लोगों ने बात मानी,
अल्लाह उनसे प्रसन्न हुआ और जिन लोगों ने उनके निर्देशों और नसीहतों का उल्लघन
किया, अल्लाह की ओर से दुनिया ही में उनको तबाह व बर्बाद कर देने वाले फै़सले किए
गए।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">रसूलों की शिक्षा</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>एक के बाद एक
नबी और रसूल आते रहे, उनके धर्म का आधार एक होता। वे एक ही धर्म की ओर बुलाते कि एक
ईश्वर को मानो, किसी को उसके वजूद और उसके गुणों व अधिकारों में साझी न ठहराओ, उसकी
उपासना व आज्ञा पालन में किसी को भागीदार न करो, उसके रसूलों को सच्चा जानो, उसके
फ़रिश्ते जो उसके बन्दे और पवित्रा प्राणी हैं, जो न खाते पीते हैं न सोते हैं, हर
काम में मालिक की आज्ञा का पालन करते हैं। उसकी अवज्ञा नहीं कर सकते। वे अल्लाह की
ख़ुदाई या उसके मामलों में कण बराबर भी कोई दख़ल नहीं रखतें हैं उनके अस्तित्व को
मानो। उसने अपने फ़रिश्ते द्वारा अपने रसूलों व नबियों पर जो वहî (ईश वाणी) भेजी या
किताबें भेजीं, उन सबको सच्चा जानो, मरने के बाद दोबारा जीवन पाकर अपने अच्छे बुरे
कामों का बदला पाना है, इस विश्वास के साथ इसे सत्य जानो और यह भी मानो कि जो कुछ
भाग्य में अच्छा या बुरा है, वह मालिक की ओर से है और रसूल उस समय अल्लाह की ओर जो
शरीअत (विधान) और जीवन व्यापन का तरीक़ा लेकर आया है, उस पर चलो और जिन बुराईयों और
वर्जित कामों और वस्तुओं से उसने मना किया है, उनको न करो।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>जितने अल्लाह के
दूत आए सब सच्चे थे और उन पर जो पवित्रा ईश वाणी उतरी, वह भी सच्ची थी। उन सब पर
हमारा ईमान है और हम उनमें भेद नहीं करते। सत्य तो यह है कि जिन्होंने एक ईश्वर को
मानने की दावत दी हो, उनकी शिक्षाओं में एक मालिक को छोड़ कर दूसरों की पूजा ही
नहीं स्वयं अपनी पूजा की भी बात न हो, उनके सच्चे होने में क्या संदेह हो सकता है?
अलबत्ता जिन महा पुरुषों के यहां मूर्ति पूजा या बहुत से उपास्यों की उपासना की
शिक्षा मिलती है, या तो उनकी शिक्षाओं में परिवर्तन कर दिया गया है या वे अल्लाह के
दूत ही नहीं हैं। मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) से पहले के सारे रसूलों के जीवन के हालात में हेर
फेर कर दिया गया है और उनकी शिक्षाओं के बड़े हिस्से को भी परिवर्तित कर दिया गया
है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">अन्तिम दूत मुहम्मद (सल्ल.)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>यह एक बहुमूल्य
सत्य है कि हर आने वाले रसूल और नबी की ज़बान से और उस पर अल्लाह की ओर से उतारे गए
विशेष सहीफ़ों में एक अन्तिम दूत की भविष्यवाणी की गयी है और यह कहा गया है कि उनके
आने के बाद और उनको पहचान लेने के बाद सारी पुरानी शरीअतें (विधान) और धार्मिक
क़ानून छोड़ कर उनकी बात मानी जाए और उनके द्वारा लाए गए अन्तिम कलाम (कुरआन) और
सम्पूर्ण दीन पर चला जाए। यह भी इस्लाम की सच्चाई का सबूत है कि पिछली किताबों में
बहुत अधिक हेर फेर के बावजूद उस मालिक ने अन्तिम दूत मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) के आने की
सूचना को परिवर्तित न होने दिया, ताकि कोई यह न कह सके कि हमें तो कुछ ख़बर ही न
थी। वेदों में उसका नाम नराशंस, पुराणों में कलकी अवतार, बाइबिल में फ़ारक़लीत और
बौद्ध ग्रन्थों में अन्तिम बुद्ध आदि लिखा गया है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इन धार्मिक
पुस्तकों में मुहम्म्द (सल्ल.) के जन्म स्थान, जन्म का युग और उनके गुणों व
विशेषताओं आदि के बार में स्पष्ट इशारे दिए गए हैं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) की पवित्र जीवनी का परिचय</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>अब से लगभग
साढ़े चैदह-सौ साल पहले वह अन्तिम नबी व रसूल मुहमद(सल्ल.) सउदी अरब के प्रसिद्व
शहर मक्का में पैदा हुए। जन्म से कुछ महीने पूर्व ही आपके बाप अब्दुल्लाह का
देहान्त हो गया था। माँ आमना भी कुछ अधिक समय तक जीवित नहीं रहीं। पहले दादा अब्दुल
मुत्तलिब और उनके देहान्त के बाद चाचा अबू तालिब ने उन्हें पाला। आप अपने गुणों,
भलाईयों व अच्छाइयों के कारण शीघ्र ही सारे मक्का शहर की आँखों का तारा बन गए।
जैसे-जैसे आप बडे़ होते गए, आप से लोगों का प्रेम बढ़ता गया। आपको सच्चा और ईमानदार
कहा जाने लगा। लोग सुरक्षा के लिए अपनी बहुमुल्य वस्तुएं आपके पास रखते, अपने आपसी
विवादों व झगड़ों का फै़सला कराते। लोग मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) को हर अच्छे काम में आगे
पाते। आप वतन में हों या सफ़र में, सब लोग आपके गुणों के गुन गाते।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>उन दिनों वहाँ
अल्लाह के घर काबा में 360 बुत, देवी देवताओं, बुजुर्गों व रसूलों की मूर्तियां रखी
हुई थीं। पूरे अरब देश में बहुदेववाद (शिर्क) और कुफ़्र के अलावा हत्या, मारधाड़,
लूटमार, गुलामों और औरतों के अधिकारों का हनन, उँच-नीच, धोखाधड़ी, शराब, जुआ, सूद,
निराधार बातों पर युद्ध, ज़िना (व्यभिचार) जैसी न जाने कितनी बुराईयां फैली हुई
थीं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मुहम्मद (सल्ल.)
जब 40 साल के हुए तो अल्लाह ने अपने फरिश्ते जिबरईल (अलैहि.) द्वारा आप पर कुरआन
उतारना आरंभ किया और आपको रसूल बनाने की शुभ सूचना दी और लोगों को एक अल्लाह की
उपासना व आज्ञा पालन की ओर बुलाने की ज़िम्मेदारी डाली।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">सच की आवाज़</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>अल्लाह के रसूल
मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) ने एक पहाड़ की चोटी पर चढ़ कर ख़तरे से सूचित करने के लिए आवाज़
लगायी - लोग इस आवाज़ पर तेज़ी से आकर जमा हो गए इसलिए कि यह एक सच्चे और ईमानदार
आदमी की आवाज़ थी।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>आपने सवाल किया
- ‘‘यदि मैं तुम से कहूँ कि इस पहाड़ के पीछे से एक बहुत बड़ी सेना चली आ रही है और
तुम पर हमला करने वाली है तो क्या तुम विश्वास करोगे?’’</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>सबने एक आवाज़
होकर कहा - ‘‘भला आपकी बात पर कौन विश्वास नहीं करेगा। आप कभी झूठ नहीं बोलते और
हमारी तुलना में पहाड़ की दूसरी दिशा में देख भी रहे हैं।’’ तब आपने नरक की भयानक
आग से डराते हुए उन्हें बहुदेववाद व मूर्ति पूजा से रोका और एक अल्लाह की उपासना और
आज्ञा पालन अर्थात इस्लाम की ओर बुलाया।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">मनुष्य की एक और कमजोरी</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मनुष्य की यह
कमज़ोरी रही है कि वह अपने बाप दादा और बुजुर्गों की गलत बातों को भी आँख बन्द करके
मानता चला जाता है, चाहे बुद्धि और तर्क उन बातों का साथ नहीं दे रहे हों, लेकिन
इसके बावजूद मनुष्य पारिवारिक बातों पर जमा रहता है और इसके विरुद्ध अमल तो क्या,
कुछ सुनना भी पसन्द नहीं करता।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">बाधाएँ और आज़माइशें</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>यही कारण था कि
40 साल की आयु तक मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) का सम्मान करने और सच्चा मानने और जानने के
बावजूद मक्का के लोग अल्लाह के सन्देष्टा के रूप में अल्लाह की ओर से लायी गयी आपकी
शिक्षाओं के दुश्मन हो गए। आप जितना अधिक लोगों को सबसे बड़ी सच्चाई शिर्क के
विरूद्ध एकेश्वरवाद की ओर बुलाते, लोग उतना ही आप के साथ दुश्मनी करते। कुछ लोग इस
सच्चाई को मानने वालों और आपका साथ देने वालों को सताते, मारते और दहकते हुए
अंगारों पर लिटा देते। गले में फंदा डाल कर घसीटते, उनको पत्थरों और कोड़ों से
मारते, लेकिन आप सबके लिए अल्लाह से दुआ मांगते, किसी से बदला नहीं लेते, सारी सारी
रात अपने मालिक से उनके लिए सीधे मार्ग पर आने की दुआ करते। एक बार आप मक्का के
लोगों से निराश होकर निकट के शहर ताइफ़ गए। वहाँ के लोगों ने उस महान मनुष्य का घोर
अपमान किया। आपके पीछे शरारती लड़के लगा दिए जो आपको बुरा भला कहते।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>उन्होंने आपको
पत्थर मारे, जिससे आपके पाँव से ख़ून बहने लगा। कष्ट व तकलीफ़ के कारण जब आप कहीं
बैठ जाते तो वे लड़के आपको दोबारा खड़ा कर देते और फिर मारते। इस हाल में आप शहर से
बाहर निकल कर एक जगह बैठ गए। आपने उनको बददुआ नहीं दी बल्कि अपने मालिक से
प्रार्थना की कि ‘‘ऐ मालिक! इनको समझ दे, ये जानते नहीं।’’</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस पवित्र
ईशवाणी और वहî पहुँचाने के कारण आपका और आपका साथ देने वाले परिवार और क़बीले का
तीन वर्ष तक पूर्ण सामाजिक बहिष्कार किया गया। इस पर भी बस न चला तो आपके क़त्ल की
योजना बनायी गयी। अन्त में अल्लाह के आदेश से आपको अपना प्यारा शहर मक्का छोड़ कर
दूसरे शहर मदीना जाना पड़ा। वहाँ भी मक्का वाले सेना तैयार करके बार-बार आप से
युद्ध करने के लिए धावा बोलते रहे।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">सत्य की जीत</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>सच्चाई की सदैव
विजय होती है चाहे देर से हो। 23 साल की कड़ी मेहनत व परिश्रम के बाद आपने सब के
दिलों पर विजय पा ली और सच्चाई के मार्ग की ओर आपकी निःस्वार्थ दावत ने पूरे अरब
देश को इस्लाम की ठंडी छाँव में ला खड़ा किया। इस प्रकार उस समय की परिचित दुनिया
में एक क्रान्ति पैदा हुई। मूर्ति पूजा बन्द हुई। ऊँच-नीच समाप्त हुई और सब लोग
ईश्वर को मानने और उसी की उपासना व आज्ञा पालन करने वाले और एक दूसरे को भाई जानकर
उनका हक़ देने वाले बन गए।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">अन्तिम वसीयत</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>अपनी मृत्यु से
कुछ ही महीने पहले आपने लगभग सवा लाख लोगों के साथ हज किया और तमाम लोगों को अपनी
अन्तिम वसीयत की जिसमें आपने यह भी कहा - ‘‘लोगों! मरने के बाद क़यामत में हिसाब
किताब के दिन मेरे बारे में भी तुम से पूछा जाएगा कि क्या मैंने अल्लाह का संदेश और
उसका दीन तुम तक पहुँचाया था तो तुम क्या जवाब दोगे?’’ सबने कहा- ‘‘निःसंदेह आपने
इसे पूर्ण रुप से हम तक पहुँचा दिया, उसका हक़ अदा कर दिया।’’ आपने आसमान की ओर
उंगली उठायी और तीन बार कहा- ‘‘ऐ अल्लाह! आप गवाह रहिए, आप गवाह रहिए, आप गवाह
रहिए।’’ इसके बाद आपने लोगों से फ़रमाया- ‘‘यह सच्चा दीन जिन तक पहुँच चुका है वे
उनको पहुँचाएँ जिनके पास नहीं पहुँचा है।’’</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>आपने यह भी ख़बर
दी कि मैं अन्तिम रसूल हूँ। अब मेरे बाद कोई रसूल या नबी नहीं आएगा। मैं ही वह
अन्तिम संदेष्टा हूँ। जिसकी तुम प्रतीक्षा कर रहे थे और जिसके बारे में तुम सब कुछ
जानते हो।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कुरआन में
है-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘‘जिन लोगों को
हमने किताब दी है, वे इस (पैग़म्बर मुहम्मद) को ऐसे पहचानते हैं जैसे अपने बेटों को
पहचानते हैं। यद्यपि उनमें का एक गिरोह सत्य को जानते बूझते छुपाता है।0’’ (अनुवाद
कुरआन, बक़रा 2:46)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">हर मनुष्य का दायित्व</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>अब क़यामत तक
आने वाले हर मनुष्य पर यह अनिवार्य है और उसका यह धार्मिक और मानवीय कर्तव्य है कि
वह उस अकेले मालिक की उपासना करे, उसी का आज्ञा पालन करे, उसके साथ किसी को साझी न
ठहराए, क़यामत और दोबारा उठाए जाने, हिसाब किताब, जन्नत व जहन्नम को सच माने और इस
बात को माने कि परलोक़ में अल्लाह मालिक होगा। वहाँ भी उसका कोई साझी न होगा और
उसके अन्तिम दूत मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) को सच्चा जाने और उनके लाए हुए दीन और जीवन यापन
के तौर तरीक़ों पर चले। इस्लाम में इसी चीज़ को ईमान कहा गया है। इसको माने बिना
मरने के बाद क़यामत में सदैव के लिए नरक की आग में जलना पड़ेगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">कुछ अपत्तियां</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>यहाँ किसी के मन
में कुछ सवाल पैदा हो सकते हैं। मरने के बाद जन्नत या जहन्नम में जाना दिखाई तो
देता नहीं, इसे क्यों मानें?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस संबंध में यह
जान लेना उचित होगा कि समस्त ईश्वरीय किताबों में जन्नत और जहन्नम का हाल बयान किया
गया है, जिस-से यह मालूम होता है कि जन्नत व जहन्नम की धारणा सारे इश्वरीय धर्मों
में एक ठोस हक़ीक़त है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसे हम एक
उदाहरण से ही समझ सकते हैं। बच्चा जब माँ के पेट में होता है यदि उससे कहा जाए कि
जब तुम बाहर आओगे तो दूध पिओगे और बाहर आकर तुम बहुत से लोगों और बहुत सी वस्तुओं
को देखोगे तो गर्भ की हालत में उसे विश्वास नहीं आएगा मगर जैसे ही वह गर्भ से बाहर
आएगा तब सारी वस्तुओं को अपने सामने पाएगा। इसी तरह यह सारा संसार एक गर्भ की हालत
में है। यहाँ से मौत के बाद निकल कर जब मनुष्य परलोक में आँखें खोलेगा तो सब कुछ
अपने सामने पाएगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>वहाँ की जन्नत व
जहन्नम और दूसरे तथ्यों की सूचना हमें उस सच्चे व्यक्ति ने दी, जिसको उसके घोर
शत्रु भी दिल से झूठा न कह सके और कुरआन जैसी किताब ने दी है, जिसकी सच्चाई हर अपने
पराए ने मानी है। </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">दूसरी आपत्ति</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>दूसरी चीज़ जो
किसी के मन मे खटक सकती है, वह यह है कि जब सारे रसूल,उनका लाया हुआ दीन और ईश्वरीय
किताबें सच्ची हैं तो फिर इस्लाम स्वीकार करना क्यों ज़रूरी है? आज की वर्तमान
दुनिया में इसका जवाब बिल्कुल आसान है। हमारे देश की एक संसद है यहाँ का एक संविधान
है। यहां जितने प्रधानमंत्री हुए हैं, वे सब हिन्दुस्तान के वास्तविक प्रधानमंत्री
थे। पंडित जवाहर लाल नेहरु, शास्त्री जी, इंदिरा गांधी, चरण सिंह, राजीव गांधी,
वी.पी. सिंह आदि। देश की ज़रुरत और समय के अनुसार जो वैधानिक संशोधन और क़ानून
इन्होंने पास किए, वे अब जो वर्तमान प्रधानमंत्री हैं, उनकी कैबिनेट और सरकार
संविधान या क़ानून में जो भी संशोधन करेगी, उससे पुरानी संवैधानिक धाराएं और क़ानून
समाप्त हो जाएगा और भारत के हर नागरिक के लिए आवश्यक होगा कि इस नए संशोधित संविधान
और क़ानून को माने।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसके बाद कोई
भारतीय नागरिक यह कहे कि इंदिरा गांधी असली प्रधानमंत्री थीं, मैं तो उन्हीं के समय
के संविधान और कानून को मानूंगा, इस नए प्रधानमंत्री के संशोधित हुए संविधान व
कानून को मैं नहीं मानता और न उनके द्वारा लगाए गए टैक्स दूंगा तो ऐसे व्यक्ति को
हर कोई देश द्रोही कहेगा और उसे दण्ड का हक़दार समझा जाएगा। इसी तरह सारे ईश्वरीय
धर्मों और ईश्वरीय किताबों में अपने समय में सत्य और सच्चाई की शिक्षा दी जाती थी
लेकिन अब उन समस्त रसूलों और ईश्वरीय किताबों को सच्चा मानते हुए भी सबसे अन्तिम
रसूल मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) पर ईमान लाना और उनकी लाई हुई अन्तिम पुस्तक व शरीअत पर चलना
हर मनुष्य के लिए आवश्यक है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">सच्चा दीन केवल एक है</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इसलिए यह कहना
किसी तरह उचित नहीं कि सारे धर्म ख़ुदा की ओर ले जाते हैं। रास्ते अलग-अलग हैं,
मंज़िल एक है। सच केवल एक होता है, झूठ बहुत हो सकते हैं। प्रकाश एक होता है अंधेरे
बहुत हो सकते हैं। सच्चा दीन केवल एक हैं। वह आरंभ ही से एक है। इसलिए उस एक को
मानना और उसी एक की मानना इस्लाम है। दीन कभी नहीं बदलता, केवल शरीअतें समय के
अनुसार बदलती रहीं हैं और वह भी उसी मालिक के बताए हुए तरीके़ पर। जब मनुष्य की
नस्ल एक है और उनका मालिक एक है तो रास्ता भी केवल एक है। कुरआन कहता है-</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘‘दीन तो अल्लाह
के निकट केवल इस्लाम ही है।’’ (अनुवाद कुरआन, आले इमरान 3:19)</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">एक और सवाल</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>यह सवाल भी मन
मस्तिष्क में आ जाता है कि मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) अल्लाह के सच्चे नबी और दूत हैं और वे
दुनिया के अन्तिम दूत हैं, इसका क्या सबूत है?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>जवाब साफ़ है कि
एक तो यह कुरआन अल्लाह की वाणी है, उसने दुनिया को अपने सच्चे होने के लिए जो तर्क
दिए हैं वे सबको मानने पड़े हैं और आज तक उनकी काट नहीं हो सकी। उसने मुहम्मद
(सल्ल.) के सच्चे और अन्तिम नबी होने की घोषणा की है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>दूसरी बात यह है
कि मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) के पवित्र जीवन का एक एक पल दुनिया के सामने है। उनका सम्पूर्ण
जीवन इतिहास की खुली किताब है। दुनिया में किसी भी मनुष्य का जीवन आपके जीवन की
भांति सुरक्षित और इतिहास की रोशनी में नहीं है। आपके दुश्मनों और इस्लाम दुश्मन
इतिहासकारों ने भी कभी यह नहीं कहा कि मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) ने अपने व्यक्तिगत जीवन में
कभी किसी बारे में झूठ बोला हो। आपके शहर वाले आपकी सच्चाई की गवाही देते थे। जिस
आदर्श मनुष्य ने अपने व्यक्तिगत जीवन में कभी झूठ नहीं बोला, वह दीन के नाम पर
ईश्वर के नाम पर झूठ कैसे बोल सकता है? आपने स्वयं यह बताया कि मैं अन्तिम दूत
(नबी) हूँ। मेरे बाद अब कोई नबी नहीं आएगा। सारी धार्मिक पुस्तकों में अन्तिम ऋषि
कलकी अवतार की जो भविष्य वाणियां की गयीं और निशानियाँ। बतायी गयी हैं, वे केवल
मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) पर पूरी उतरती हैं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">पंडित वेद प्रकाश उपाध्याय का निर्णय</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>पंडित वेद
प्रकाश उपाध्याय ने लिखा है कि जो व्यक्ति इस्लाम स्वीकार न करे और मुहम्मद (सल्ल.)
और उनके दीन को न माने, वह हिन्दू भी नहीं है, इसलिए कि हिन्दुओं के धार्मिक
ग्रन्थों में कलकी अवतार और नराशंस के इस धरती पर आ जाने के बाद उनको और उनके दीन
को मानने पर बल दिया गया है। इस प्रकार जो हिन्दू भी अपने धार्मिक ग्रन्थों में
आस्था रखता है, अल्लाह के रसूल मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) को माने बिना मरने के बाद के जीवन
में नरक की आग, वहाँ अल्लाह के दर्शन से महरूमी और उसके सर्वकालिक प्रकोप का हक़दार
होगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">ईमान की ज़रूरत</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मरने के बाद के
जीवन के अलावा इस संसार में भी ईमान और इस्लाम हमारी ज़रूरत है और मनुष्य का
कर्तव्य है कि एक स्वामी की उपासना और आज्ञापालन करे। जो अपने स्वामी और पालनहार का
दर छोड़कर दूसरों के सामने झुकता फिरे, वह जानवरों से भी गया गुज़रा है। कुत्ता भी
अपने मालिक के दर पर पड़ा रहता है और उसी से आशा रखता है। वह कैसा मनुष्य है, जो
अपने सच्चे मालिक को भूल कर दर दर झुकता फिरे।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>लेकिन इस ईमान
की अधिक ज़रूरत मरने के बाद के लिए है जहाँ से मनुष्य वापस न लौटेगा और मौत पुकारने
पर भी उसे मौत न मिलेगी। उस समय पछतावा भी कुछ काम न आएगा। यदि मनुष्य यहाँ से ईमान
के बिना चला गया तो सदैव के लिए नरक की आग में जलना पड़ेगा। यदि इस दुनिया की आग की
एक चिंगारी भी हमारे शरीर को छू जाए तो हम तड़प जाते हैं तो नरक की आग इस संसार की
आग से सत्तर गुना अधिक तीव्र है और बेईमान वालों को उसमें सदैव के लिए जलना होगा।
जब उनके बदन की खाल जल जाएगी, तो दूसरी खाल बदल दी जाएगी इस तरह निरंतर यह दण्ड
भुगतना होगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">अत्यन्त महत्वपूर्ण बात</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मेरे प्रिय
पाठको! मौत का समय न जाने कब आ जाए। जो सांस अन्दर है, उसके बाहर आने का भरोसा नहीं
और जो सांस बाहर है उसके अन्दर आने का भरोसा नहीं। मौत से पहले समय है। इस समय में
अपनी सबसे पहली और सबसे बड़ी ज़िम्मेदारी का आभास कर लें। ईमान के बिना न यह जीवन
सफ़ल है और न मरने के बाद आने वाला जीवन।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>कल सबको अपने
स्वामी के पास जाना है। वहाँ सबसे पहले ईमान की पूछताछ होगी। हाँ, इसमें मेरा
व्यक्तिगत स्वार्थ भी हैं कि कल हिसाब के दिन आप यह न कह दें कि हम तक पालनहार की
बात पहँचाई ही नहीं गयी थी।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मुझे आशा है कि
ये सच्ची बातें आपके दिल में घर कर गयी होंगी। तो आइए श्रीमान! सच्चे दिल और सच्ची
आत्मा वाले मेरे प्रिय मित्रा उस मालिक को गवाह बनाकर और ऐसे सच्चे दिल से जिसे
दिलों का हाल जानने वाला मान ले, इक़रार करें और प्रण
करें:</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘‘अशहदु
अल्लाइलाह इल्लल्लाहु व अशहदु अन्न मुहम्मदन अब्दुहू व रसूलुहू’’</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘‘मैं गवाही
देता हूँ इस बात की कि अल्लाह के सिवा कोई उपासना योग्य नहीं (वह अकेला है उसका कोई
साझी नहीं) और मैं गवाही देता हूँ कि मुहम्मद अल्लाह के बन्दे और उसके रसूल (दूत)
हैं’’।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>‘‘मैं तौबा करता
हूँ कुफ़्र से, शिर्क (किसी भी तरह अल्लाह का साझी बनाने) से और हर प्रकार के
गुनाहों से, और इस बात का प्रण करता हूँ कि अपने पैदा करने वाले सच्चे मालिक के सब
आदेशों को मानूंगा और उसके सच्चे नबी मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) का सच्चा आज्ञा पालन
करूंगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>दयावान और करीम
मालिक मुझे और आपको इस रास्ते पर मरते दम तक जमाए रखे। आमीन!</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>मेरे प्रिय
मित्र यदि आप अपनी मौत तक इस विश्वास और ईमान के अनुसार अपना जीवन गुज़ारते रहे तो
फिर मालूम होगा कि आपके इस भाई ने कैसा मुहब्बत का हक़ अदा किया।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">ईमान की परीक्षा</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस इस्लाम और
ईमान के कारण आपकी आज़माइश भी हो सकती है मगर जीत सदैव सच की होती है। यहां भी सत्य
की जीत होगी और यदि जीवन भर परीक्षा से जूझना पड़े तो यह सोचकर सहन कर लेना कि इस
संसार का जीवन तो कुछ दिनों तक सीमित है, मरने के बाद जीवन वहाँ ही जन्नत और उसके
सुख प्राप्त करने के लिए और अपने मालिक को प्रसन्न करने के लिए और उसको आँखों से
देखने के लिए ये परीक्षाएँ कुछ भी नहीं हैं।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">आपका कर्तव्य</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>एक बात और -
ईमान और इस्लाम की यह सच्चाई हर उस भाई का हक़ और अमानत है, जिस तक यह हक़ नहीं
पहुँचा है, इसलिए आपका भी कर्तव्य है कि निःस्वार्थ होकर अल्लाह के लिए केवल अपने
भाई की हमदर्दी में उसे मालिक के प्रकोप, नरक की आग और दण्ड से बचाने के लिए दुख
दर्द के पूरे अहसास के साथ जिस तरह अल्लाह के रसूल मुहम्मद (सल्ल.) ने उम्र भर यह
सच्चाई पहुँचाई थी, आप भी पहुँचाएँ। उसको सही सच्चा रास्ता समझ में आ जाए। उसके लिए
अपने मालिक से दुआ करें। क्या ऐसा व्यक्ति मनुष्य कहलाने का हक़दार है, जिसके सामने
एक अन्धा आँखों की रोशनी से महरूम होने के कारण आग के अलाव में गिरने वाला हो और वह
एक बार भी फूटे मुँँह से यह न कहे कि तुम्हारा यह रास्ता आग के अलाव की ओर जाता है।
सच्ची मानवता की बात तो यही है कि वह उसे रोके, उसको पकड़े, बचाए और संकल्प करे कि
जब तक अपना बस है, मैं कदापि उसे आग में गिरने नहीं दूंगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ईमान लाने के
बाद हर मुसलमान पर हक़ है कि जिसको दीन की, नबी की, कुरआन की रोशनी मिल चुकी है वह
शिर्क और कुफ़्र की शैतानी आग में फंसे लोगों को बचाने की धुन में लग जाए। उनकी
ठोड़ी में हाथ दे, उनके पाँव पकड़े कि लोग ईमान से हट कर ग़लत रास्ते पर न जाएँ।
निःस्वार्थ और सच्ची हमदर्दी में कही बात दिल पर प्रभाव डालती है। यदि आपके द्वारा
एक आदमी को भी ईमान मिल गया और एक आदमी भी मालिक के सच्चे दर पर लग गया तो हमारा
बेड़ा पार हो जाएगा, इसलिए कि अल्लाह उस व्यक्ति से बहुत अधिक प्रसन्न होता है, जो
किसी को कुफ़्र और शिर्क से निकाल कर सच्चाई के मार्ग पर लगा दे। आपका बेटा यदि
आपसे बाग़ी होकर दुश्मन से जा मिले और आपके बदले वह उसी के कहने पर चले फिर कोई भला
आदमी उसे समझा बुझा कर आपका आज्ञा पालक बना दे तो आप उस भले आदमी से कितने प्रसन्न
होंगे। मालिक उस बन्दे से इससे कहीं ज्यादा खुश होता है जो दूसरों तक ईमान पहुँचाने
और बाँटने का साधन बन जाए।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">ईमान लाने के बाद</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>इस्लाम
स्वीकारने के बाद जब आप मालिक के सच्चे बन्दे बन गए तो अब आप पर रोज़ाना पाँच बार
नमाज़ फ़र्ज हो गयी। आप इसे सीखें और पढ़ें, इससे आत्मा को सन्तुष्टि मिलेगी और
अल्लाह की मुहब्बत बढ़ेगी। मालदार हैं तो दीन की निर्धारित की हुई दर से हर साल
अपनी आय से हक़दारों का हिस्सा ज़कात के रूप में निकालना होगा। रमज़ान के पूरे
महीने रोज़े रखने होंगे और यदि बस में हो तो उम्र में एक बार हज के लिए मक्का जाना
होगा।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ख़बरदार! अब
आपका सिर अल्लाह के अलावा किसी के आगे न झुके। आपके लिए कुफ़्र व शिर्क, झूठ,
धोखाधड़ी, मामलों का बिगाड़, रिश्वत, अकारण हत्या कर देना, पैदा होने से पहले या
पैदा होने के बाद सन्तान की हत्या, आरोप प्रत्यारोप, शराब, जुवा, सूद, सुअर का मांस
ही नहीं, हलाल मांस के अलावा सारे हराम मांस और अल्लाह और उसके रसूल मुहम्मद
(सल्ल.) के ज़रिए हराम ठहराई गई हर वस्तु मना है। उससे बचना चाहिए और अल्लाह की पाक
और हलाल बताई हुई वस्तुओं पर अल्लाह का शुक्र अदा करते हुए पूरे शौक़ के साथ खाना
चाहिए।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>अपने मालिक
द्वारा दिया गया कुरआन पाक सोच समझ कर पढ़ना चाहिए और पाकी और सफ़ाई के तरीक़ों और
दीनी मामलों को सीखना चाहिए। सच्चे दिल से यह दुआ करनी है कि ऐ हमारे मालिक! हमको,
परिवार के लोगों और रिश्तेदारों को, हमारे दोस्तों को और इस धरती पर बसने वाली तमाम
मानवता को ईमान के साथ ज़िन्दा रख और ईमान के साथ इन्हें मौत दे। इसलिए कि ईमान ही
मानव समाज का पहला और आखि़री सहारा है, जिस तरह अल्लाह के एक पैग़म्बर इब्राहीम
(अलैहि.) जलती हुई आग में अपने ईमान की वजह से कूद गए थे और उनका एक बाल तक न जल
सका था, आज भी उस ईमान की ताक़त आग को गुल व गुलज़ार बना सकती है और सच्चे रास्ते
की हर रुकावट को ख़त्म कर सकती है।</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">आज भी हो जो इब्राहीम का ईमाँ पैदा <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">आग कर सकती है अन्दाज़े गुलिस्ताँ पैदा</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">......समाप्त......</span></b></div>
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<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a dir="ltr" href="https://sites.google.com/site/faisalabbas1979/" id="sites-chrome-userheader-title">AAPKI AMANAT AAPKI SEWA MEIN</a></span></h2>
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<span style="color: red;"><span dir="ltr" id="sites-page-title" style="font-size: x-large;">LISTEN IN URDU HERE</span></span></h3>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><span dir="ltr" id="sites-page-title">Read in Urdu</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>حرفِ چند</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>ایک
نادان بچہ سامنے سے ننگے پیر آرہا ہو اور اس کا ننھا سا پاؤں سیدھے آگ پر
پڑنے جارہا ہو تو آپ کیا کریں گے؟ آپ فوراً اس بچے کو گود میں اٹھا لیں
گے اور اسے آگ سے بچاکر بے انتہا خوشی محسوس کرےں گے۔ اسی طرح اگر کوئی
انسان آگ میں جھلس جائے یا جل جائے تو آپ تڑپ جاتے ہیں اور اس کے لیے آپ
کے دل میں ہم دردی پیدا ہوجاتی ہے۔ کیا آپ نے کبھی سوچا: آخر ایسا کیوں
ہے؟ اس لیے کہ تمام انسان ایک ہی ماں باپ۔ آدم و حوا کی اولاد ہیں اور ہر
انسان کے سینے میں ایک دھڑکتا ہوا دل ہے، جس میں محبت ہے، ہم دردی ہے، غم
گساری ہے۔ وہ دوسروں کے دکھ درد پر تڑپ اٹھتا ہے اور ان کی مدد کرکے خوش
ہوتا ہے، اس لیے سچا انسان وہی ہے، جس کے سینے میں پوری انسانیت کے لیے
محبت کا جذبہ ہو، جس کا ہر کام انسان کی خدمت کے لیے ہو اور جوکسی کو بھی
دکھ درد میں دیکھ کر بے چین ہوجائے اور اس کی مدد اس کی زندگی کا لازمی
تقاضا بن جائے۔<br />
اس جہان میں انسان کی یہ زندگی عارضی ہے اور مرنے کے بعد اسے ایک اور
زندگی ملنے والی ہے، جو دائمی ہوگی۔ اپنے سچے مالک کی بندگی اور اس کی
اطاعت کے بغیر اسے مرنے کے بعد کی زندگی میں جنت حاصل نہیں ہوسکتی، بلکہ
اسے ہمیشہ کے لیے دوزخ کا ایندھن بننا پڑے گا۔<br />
آج ہمارے لاکھوں کروڑوں بھائی اَن جانے میں دوزخ کا ایندھن بننے کی دوڑ
میں لگے ہوئے ہیں اور ایسے راستے پر چل رہے ہیں، جو سیدھا دوزخ کی طرف
جاتا ہے۔ اس ماحول میں ان تمام لوگوں کی ذمے داری ہے، جو اللہ واسطے
انسانوں سے محبت کرتے ہیں اور سچی انسانیت پر یقین رکھتے ہیں کہ وہ آگے
آئیں اور لوگوں کو دوزخ کی آگ سے بچانے کا اپنا فرض پورا کریں۔<br />
ہمیں خوشی ہے کہ انسانوں سے سچی ہم دردی رکھنے والے اور ان کو دوزخ کی
آگ سے بچانے کے دکھ میں گھلنے والے مولوی محمد کلیم صدیقی صاحب نے آپ کی
خدمت میں پیار ومحبت کے کچھ پھول پیش کیے ہیں، جس میں انسانیت کے لیے ان
کی محبت صاف جھلکتی ہے اور اس کے ذریعے انھوں نے وہ فرض پورا کیا ہے، جو
ایک سچے مسلمان ہونے کے ناطے ہم سب پر عائد ہوتا ہے۔<br />
ان الفاظ کے ساتھ دل کے یہ ٹکڑے اور آپ کی امانت آپ کے سامنے پیش ہے۔<br />
وصی سلیمان ندوی<br />
ایڈیٹر، ماہنامہ ارمغان ولی اللہ<br />
پھلت ضلع مظفر نگر (یوپی)</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CRALFqJtsvc/Uel24PrMMYI/AAAAAAAAAdU/Ddi910M3wgA/s1600/images+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CRALFqJtsvc/Uel24PrMMYI/AAAAAAAAAdU/Ddi910M3wgA/s400/images+-+Copy+-+Copy+-+Copy.jpg" height="400" width="356" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #003333;">اللہ کے نام سے جو نہایت مہربان اور انتہائی رحم والا ہے</span></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">آپ کی امانت</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">مجھے معاف کردیں:</span></b></span></div>
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میرے پیارے قارئین!مجھے معاف کردیجیے، میں اپنی اور اپنی تمام مسلم
برادری کی جانب سے آپ سے معذرت چاہتا ہوں، جس نے اس دنیا کے سب سے بڑے
شیطان کے بہکاوے میں آکر آپ کی سب سے بڑی دولت آپ تک نہیں پہنچائی۔ اس
شیطان نے گناہ کی جگہ گنہ گارکی بے عزتی دل میں بٹھا کر اس پوری دنیا کو
جنگ کا میدان بنادیا۔ اس غلطی کا خیال کرکے ہی میں نے آج قلم اٹھایا ہے کہ
آپ کا حق آپ تک پہنچاوں اور بغیر کسی لالچ کے محبت اور انسانیت کی باتیں
آپ کو بتاوں۔<br />
وہ سچا مالک جو دلوں کے حال جانتا ہے، گواہ ہے کہ ان صفحات کو آپ تک
پہنچانے میں انتہائی اخلاص کے ساتھ میں حقیقی ہم دردی کا حق ادا کرنا
چاہتا ہوں۔ ان باتوں کو آپ تک نہ پہنچانے کے غم میں کتنی راتوں کی میری
نیند اڑی ہے۔ </b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایک محبت بھری بات:</span><br />
یہ بات کہنے کی نہیں، مگر میری تمنا ہے کہ میری ان محبت بھری باتوں کو
آپ پیار کی آنکھوں سے دیکھیں اور پڑھیں۔ اس مالک کے بارے میں جو سارے جہان
کو چلانے اور بنانے والا ہے، غور کریں، تاکہ میرے دل اور میری روح کو
سکون حاصل ہو کہ میں نے اپنے بھائی یا بہن کی امانت اس تک پہنچائی اور
اپنے انسان اور بھائی ہونے کا فرض ادا کردیا۔<br />
اس جہان میں آنے کے بعد ایک انسان کے لیے جس سچائی کو جاننا اور ماننا
ضروری ہے اور جو اس کی سب سے بڑی ذمے داری اور فرض ہے، وہ محبت بھری بات
میں آپ کو سنانا چاہتا ہوں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: #330099;">فطرت کا سب سے بڑا سچ:</span><br />
اس جہان، بلکہ فطرت کی سب سے بڑی سچائی یہ ہے کہ اس جہان، تمام مخلوقات
اورپوری کائنات کو بنانے والا، پیدا کرنے والا، اور اس کا نظام چلانے والا
صرف اور صرف ایک اکیلا مالک ہے۔ وہ اپنی ذات ،صفات اور اختیارات میں
اکیلا ہے۔ دنیا کو بنانے، چلانے، مارنے اور جلانے میں اس کا کوئی شریک
نہیں۔ وہ ایک ایسی طاقت ہے، جو ہر جگہ موجود ہے۔ ہر ایک کی سنتا ہے، ہر
ایک کو دیکھتا ہے۔ سارے جہان میں ایک پتّہ بھی اس کی اجازت کے بغیر جنبش
نہیں کرسکتا۔ ہر انسان کی روح اس کی گواہی دیتی ہے، چاہے وہ کسی بھی مذہب
کا ماننے والا ہو اور چاہے وہ مورتی کا پجاری ہی کیوں نہ ہو، مگر اندر سے
وہ یقین یہی رکھتا ہے کہ پیدا کرنے والا، پالنے والا، رب اور اصلی مالک تو
صرف وہی ایک ہے۔<br />
انسان کی عقل میں بھی اس کے علاوہ کوئی اور بات نہیں آتی کہ سارے جہان
کا مالک ایک ہی ہے۔ اگر کسی اسکول کے دو پرنسپل ہوں تو اسکول نہیں چل
سکتا۔ اگر ایک گاوں کے دو پردھان ہوں تو گاوںکا نظام تلپٹ ہوجائے گا۔ کسی
ایک دیش کے دو بادشاہ نہیں ہوسکتے تو اتنی بڑی کائنات کا انتظام ایک سے
زیادہ خدا یا مالکوں کے ذریعے کیسے چل سکتا ہے اور دنیا کی منتظم کئی
ہستیاں کس طرح ہوسکتی ہیں؟!</b>
<b><span style="color: #330099;">ایک دلیل:</span><br />
قرآن جو اللہ کا کلام ہے، اس نے دنیا کو اپنی حقانیت بتانے کے لیے یہ دعوا کیا ہے کہ <br />
”ہم نے جو کچھ اپنے بندے پر (قرآن) اتارا ہے، اس میںاگر تم کو شک ہے (کہ
قرآن اس مالک کا سچا کلام نہیں ہے )تو اس جیسی ایک سورت ہی (بنا)لے آو
اور چاہو تو اس کام کے لیے اللہ کے سوا اپنے مددگاروں کو بھی (مدد کے لیے)
بلالو، اگر تم سچے ہو<span dir="ltr">o</span> “ (ترجمہ القرآن، البقرة ۲:۳۲) <br />
چودہ سو سال سے آج تک دنیا کے قابل ترین ادیب، عالم اور دانش ور تحقیق
اور ریسرچ کرکے عاجز ہوچکے اور اپنا سر جھکا چکے ہیں۔ حقیقت میں کوئی بھی
اللہ کے اس چیلنج کا جواب نہ دے سکا اور نہ دے سکے گا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: #3300cc;">اس پاک کتاب میں مالک نے ہماری عقل کو اپیل کرنے کے لیے بہت سی دلیلیں دی ہیں۔ ایک مثال یہ ہے کہ :</span><br />
”اگر زمین اور آسمانوں میں اللہ کے علاوہ مالک و حاکم ہوتے تو ان دونوں
میں بڑی خرابی اور فساد مچ جاتا۔“ (ترجمہ القرآن، الانبیاء۱۲:۲۲) <br />
بات صاف ہے۔ اگر ایک کے علاوہ کئی حاکم و مالک ہوتے تو جھگڑاہوتا۔ ایک
کہتا: اب رات ہوگی، دوسرا کہتا: دن ہوگا۔ ایک کہتا: چھے مہینے کا دن ہوگا،
دوسرا کہتا: تین مہینے کا ہوگا۔ ایک کہتا: سورج آج پچھم سے نکلے گا،
دوسرا کہتا: نہیں، پورب سے نکلے گا۔ اگر دیوی دیوتاو ¿ں کو یہ حق واقعی
ہوتا اور وہ اللہ کے کاموں میں شریک بھی ہوتے تو کبھی ایسا ہوتا کہ ایک
غلام نے پوجا ارچنا کرکے بارش کے دیوتا سے اپنی بات منوالی، تو بڑے مالک
کی جانب سے آرڈر آتا کہ ابھی بارش نہیں ہوگی، پھر نیچے والے ہڑتال کردیتے۔
اب لوگ بیٹھے ہیں کہ دن نہیں نکلا، معلوم ہوا کہ سورج دیوتا نے ہڑتال کر
رکھی ہے۔</b></span></div>
<div align="right" dir="rtl">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;">سچی گواہی:</span><br />
سچ یہ ہے کہ دنیا کی ہر چیز گواہی دے رہی ہے، یہ منظم طریقے پر چلتا ہوا
کائنات کا نظام گواہی دے رہا ہے کہ جہان کا مالک اکیلا اور صرف ایک ہے۔وہ
جب چاہے اور جو چاہے کرسکتا ہے۔ اس کو تصورات اور خیالوں میں نہیں باندھا
جاسکتا، اس کی تصویر نہیں بنائی جاسکتی۔ اس مالک نے سارے جہان کو انسانوں
کے فائدے اور ان کی خدمت کے لیے پیدا کیا ہے۔ سورج انسان کا خدمت گار،
ہوا انسان کی خادم، یہ زمین بھی انسان کی خدمت گار ہے۔ آگ، پانی، جان دار
اور بے جان دنیا کی ہر شے انسان کی خدمت کے لیے بنائی گئی ہے۔ اور مالک نے
انسان کو اپنا بندہ بناکر اسے اپنی بندگی اور حکم ماننے کے لیے پیدا کیا
ہے، تاکہ وہ اس دنیا کے تمام معاملات صحیح طور سے انجام دے اور ساتھ ہی اس
کا مالک و معبود اس سے راضی و خوش ہوجائے۔<br />
انصاف کی بات یہ ہے کہ جب پیدا کرنے والا، زندگی دینے والا، موت دینے
والا، کھانا، پانی دینے والا اور زندگی کی ہر ضرورت فراہم کرنے والا وہی
ایک ہے تو سچے انسان کو اپنی زندگی اور زندگی سے متعلق تمام معاملات اپنے
مالک کی مرضی کے مطابق اس کا فرماں بردار ہوکر پورے کرنے چاہییں۔ اگر کوئی
انسان اپنی زندگی اس اکیلے مالک کا حکم مانتے ہوئے نہیں گزار رہا ہے تو
صحیح معنوں میں وہ انسان کہلانے کے لائق نہیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایک بڑی سچائی:</span><br />
اس سچے مالک نے اپنی سچی کتاب قرآنِ مجید میں بہت سی سچائیوں میں سے ایک سچائی ہم کو یہ بتائی ہے:<br />
”ہر ایک نفس (جان دار) کو موت کا مزہ چکھنا ہے، پھر تم سب ہماری ہی طرف لوٹائے جاو ¿گے<span dir="ltr">o</span> “ (ترجمہ القرآن، العنکبوت ۹۲:۷۵) <br />
اس آیت کے دو حصے ہیں۔ پہلا یہ ہے کہ ہر ایک جان دار کو موت کا مزہ
چکھنا ہے۔ یہ ایسی بات ہے کہ ہر مذہب، ہر طبقے اور ہر جگہ کا آدمی اس بات
پر یقین رکھتا ہے، بلکہ جو مذہب کو مانتا بھی نہیں، وہ بھی اس سچائی کے
آگے سرجھکاتا ہے اور جان ور تک موت کی سچائی کو سمجھتے ہیں۔ چوہا بلّی کو
دیکھتے ہی جان بچا کر بھاگتا ہے اور کتا بھی سڑک پر آتی ہوئی کسی گاڑی کو
دیکھ کر اپنے بچاو ¿ کے لیے تیزی سے ہٹ جاتا ہے، اس لیے کہ ان کو سمجھ ہے
کہ اگر انھوں نے ایسا نہ کیا تو ان کی موت یقینی ہے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">موت کے بعد:</span><br />
اس آیت کے دوسرے حصے میں قرآنِ مجید ایک اور بڑی سچائی کی طرف ہمیں
متوجہ کرتا ہے۔ اگر وہ انسان کی سمجھ میں آجائے تو سارے جہان کا ماحول بدل
جائے۔ وہ سچائی یہ ہے کہ تم مرنے کے بعد میری ہی طرف لوٹائے جاو ¿گے اور
اس دنیا میں جیسا کام کروگے، ویسا ہی بدلہ پاو ¿ گے۔<br />
مرنے کے بعد تم مٹی میں مل جاو ¿گے یا گل سڑجاو ¿ گے اور دوبارہ پیدا
نہیں کیے جاو ¿گے، ایسا نہیں ہے۔ نہ ہی یہ سچ ہے کہ مرنے کے بعد تمہاری روح
کسی اور جسم میں داخل ہوجائے گی، یہ نظریہ کسی بھی اعتبار سے انسانی عقل
کی کسوٹی پر کھرا نہیں اترتا۔<br />
پہلی بات یہ ہے کہ آواگمن کا یہ مفروضہ ویدوں میں موجود نہیں ہے۔ بعد کے
پرانوں (دیومالائی کہانیوں) میں اس کا بیان ہے۔ اس نظریے کی ابتدا اس طرح
ہوئی کہ شیطان نے مذہب کے نام پر لوگوں کو اونچ نیچ میں جکڑ دیا۔ مذہب کے
نام پر شودروں سے خدمت لینے اور ان کو نیچ اور رذیل سمجھنے والے مذہب کے
ٹھیکے داروں سے سماج کے دبے کچلے طبقے کے لوگوں نے جب یہ سوال کیا کہ جب
ہمارا پیدا کرنے والا خدا ہے اور اس نے سب انسانوں کو آنکھ، کان، ناک ہر
چیز میں برابر بنایا ہے تو آپ لوگ اپنے آپ کو اونچا اور ہمیں نیچا اور
رذیل کیوں سمجھتے ہیں؟ اس کا انھوں نے آواگمن کا سہارا لے کر یہ جواب دیا
کہ تمہاری پچھلی زندگی کے برے کاموں نے تمہیں اس جنم میں نیچ اور رذیل
بنایا ہے۔<br />
اس نظریے کے مطابق ساری روحیں دوبارہ پیدا ہوتی ہیں۔ اور اپنے کاموں کے
حساب سے جسم بدل بدل کر آتی ہیں۔ زیادہ برے کام کرنے والے لوگ جان وروں کے
جسموں میں پیدا ہوتے ہیں۔ ان سے زیادہ برے کام کرنے والے نباتات کے قالب
میں چلے جاتے ہیں۔ جن کے کام اچھے ہوتے ہیں، وہ آواگمن کے چکر سے نجات
حاصل کرلیتے ہیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">آواگمن کے خلاف تین دلائل:</span><br />
۱-اس سلسلے میں سب سے بڑی بات یہ ہے کہ سائنس دانوں کا کہنا ہے کہ اس
زمین پر سب سے پہلے نباتات پیدا ہوئیں، پھر جان ور پیدا ہوئے اور اس کے
کروڑوں سال بعد انسان کی پیدائش ہوئی۔ اب جب کہ انسان ابھی اس زمین پر پیدا
ہی نہیں ہوا تھا اور کسی انسانی روح نے ابھی برا کام ہی نہیں کےا تھا تو
سوال پیدا ہوتا ہے کہ وہ کس کی روحیں تھیں، جنھوں نے ان گنت بے حدوحساب
جان وروں اور پیڑ پودوں کی صورت میں جنم لیا؟ <br />
۲-دوسری بات یہ ہے کہ اس نظریے کو مان لینے کے بعد تو ہونا یہ چاہیے تھا
کہ زمین پر جان داروں کی تعداد میں مسلسل کمی واقع ہوتی۔ جو روحیں آواگون
سے نجات حاصل کرلیتیں، ان کی تعداد کم ہوتی رہنی چاہیے تھی، جب کہ یہ
حقیقت ہمارے سامنے ہے کہ زمین پر انسانوں، جان وروں اور نباتات ہر قسم کے
جان داروں کی تعداد میں لگاتار بے پناہ اضافہ ہورہا ہے۔ <br />
۳- تیسری بات یہ ہے کہ اس دنیا میں پیدا ہونے والوں اور مرنے والوں کی
تعداد میں زمین آسمان کا فرق دکھائی دیتا ہے۔ مرنے والوں کے مقابلے میں
پیدا ہونے والوں کی تعداد کہیں زیادہ ہے۔ کھرب ہا کھرب ان گنت مچھر پیدا
ہوجاتے ہیں، جب کہ مرنے والے اس سے بہت کم ہوتے ہیں۔ <br />
کبھی اپنے دیش میں کچھ بچوں کے بارے میں یہ مشہور ہوجاتا ہے کہ وہ اس
جگہ کو پہچان رہا ہے، جہاں وہ پچھلے جنم میں رہتا تھا، اپنا پرانا نام بھی
بتارہا ہے۔ اور یہ بھی کہ اس نے دوبارہ جنم لیا ہے۔ صحیح بات تو یہ ہے کہ
ان تمام باتوں کا حقیقت سے کوئی تعلق نہیںہوتا۔ اس قسم کی چیزیں مختلف
قسم کی نفسیاتی و دماغی امراض یاروحانی و سماجی و ماحولیاتی ردعمل کا
نتیجہ ہوتی ہیں، جس کا مناسب انداز میں علاج کرایا جانا چاہیے۔ اصل حقیقت
سے ان کا دور کا بھی واسطہ نہیں ہوتا ہے۔<br />
سچی بات یہ ہے کہ یہ سچائی مرنے کے بعد ہر انسان کے سامنے آجائے گی کہ
انسان مرنے کے بعد اپنے پیدا کرنے والے مالک کے پاس جاتا ہے، او ر اس نے
اس جہان میں جیسے اچھے برے کام کیے ہوں گے، اس کے حساب سے قیامت میں سزا
یا اچھا بدلہ پائے گا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">اعمال کا پھل ملے گا:</span><br />
اگر انسان اپنے رب کی عبادت اور اس کی بات مانتے ہوئے اچھے کام کرے گا،
بھلائی اور نیکی کے راستے پر چلے گا تو وہ اپنے رب کے فضل سے جنت میں جائے
گا۔ جنت جہاں آرام کی ہر چیز ہے، بلکہ وہاں تو عیش و آرام کی ایسی چیزیں
بھی ہیں، جن کو اس دنیا میں نہ کسی آنکھ نے دیکھا، نہ کسی کان نے سنا اور
نہ کسی دل میں ان کا خیال گزرا۔ اور سب سے بڑی جنت کی نعمت یہ ہوگی کہ
جنتی لوگ وہاں اپنی آنکھوں سے اپنے رب کا دیدار کرسکیں گے، جس کے برابر
آنند اور مسرت کی کوئی چیز نہیں ہوگی۔<br />
اسی طرح جو لوگ برے کام کریں گے، اپنے رب کی خدائی میں دوسروں کو شریک
کریں گے اور سرکشی کرکے اپنے مالک کی نافرمانی کریں گے، وہ جہنم میں ڈالے
جائیں گے۔ وہ وہاں آگ میں جلیں گے۔ وہاں انہیں ان کے گناہوں اور جرموں کی
سزا ملے گی۔ اور سب سے بڑی سزا یہ ہوگی کہ وہ اپنے مالک کے دیدار سے محروم
رہ جائیں گے اور ان پر اُن کے مالک کا دردناک عذاب ہوگا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">رب کا شریک بنانا سب سے بڑا گناہ ہے:</span><br />
اس سچے اصلی مالک نے اپنی کتاب قرآن میں ہمیں بتایا ہے کہ نیکیاں اور
اچھے کام چھوٹے بھی ہوتے ہیں اور بڑے بھی، اسی طرح اس مالک کے یہاں جرم و
گناہ اور برے کام بھی چھوٹے بڑے ہوتے ہیں۔ اس نے ہمیں بتایا ہے کہ جو جرم و
گناہ انسان کو سب سے زیادہ اور سب سے بھیانک سزا کا حق دار بناتا ہے، جس
کو وہ کبھی معاف نہیں کرے گا اور جس کا کرنے والا ہمیشہ ہمیش جہنم میں
جلتا رہے گا۔ وہ جہنم سے باہر نہیں جاسکے گا، وہ موت کی تمنا کرے گا، لیکن
اس کو موت کبھی نہیں آئے گی۔ وہ جرم اس اکیلے رب کی ذات یا اس کی صفات و
اختیارات میں کسی کو شریک بنانا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ کسی دوسرے کے آگے اپنے سر
یا ماتھے کو ٹیکنا ہے۔ اس کے علاوہ کسی اور کو پوجا کے قابل ماننا، مارنے
والا، زندہ کرنے والا، روزی دینے والا اور نفع و نقصان کا مالک سمجھنا بہت
بڑا گناہ اور انتہائی درجے کا ظلم ہے، چاہے ایسا کسی دیوی دیوتا کو مانا
جائے یا سورج چاند، ستارے یا کسی پیر فقیر کو، کسی کو بھی اس مالک کی ذات
یا صفات و اختیارات میں برابر یا شریک سمجھنا شرک ہے، جس کو وہ مالک کبھی
معاف نہیں کرے گا۔ اس کے علاوہ کسی بھی گناہ کو اگر وہ چاہے تو معاف کردے
گا۔ اس گناہ کو خود ہماری عقل بھی اتنا ہی برا سمجھتی ہے اور ہم بھی اس
عمل کو اتنا ہی ناپسند کرتے ہیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایک مثال:</span><br />
مثال کے طور پر اگر کسی کی بیوی بڑی نک چڑھی ہو، ذرا ذرا سی بات پر
جھگڑے پر اتر آتی ہو، کچھ کہنا سننا نہیں مانتی ہو، لیکن وہ اگر اس سے گھر
سے نکلنے کو کہہ دے تو وہ کہتی ہے کہ میں صرف تیری ہوں، تیری رہوں گی،
تیرے دروازے پر مروں گی اور ایک پل کے لیے تیرے گھر سے باہر نہیں جاو ¿ں
گی تو شوہر لاکھ غصے کے بعد بھی اس سے نبھانے کے لیے مجبور ہوجائے گا۔<br />
اس کے برخلاف اگر کسی کی بیوی نہایت خدمت گزار اور حکم کی پابند ہو، وہ
ہر وقت اس کا خیال رکھتی ہو، شوہر آدھی رات کو گھر پر آتا ہو تو اس کا
انتظار کرتی رہتی ہو، اس کے لیے کھانا گرم کرکے اس کے سامنے پیش کرتی ہو،
اس سے پیار ومحبت کی باتیں بھی کرتی ہو، وہ ایک دن اس سے کہنے لگے کہ آپ
میرے شریکِ حیات ہیں، لیکن میرا اکیلے آپ سے کام نہیں چلتا، اس لیے اپنے
فلاں پڑوسی کو بھی میں نے آج سے اپنا شوہر بنالیاہے تو اگر اس کے شوہر میں
کچھ بھی غیرت کا مادہ ہے تو وہ یہ برداشت نہیں کرپائے گا۔ وہ ایک پل کے
لیے ایسی احسان فراموش بے حیا عورت کو اپنے پاس رکھنا پسند نہ کرے گا۔<br />
آخر ایسا کیوں ہے؟ صرف اس لیے کہ کوئی شوہر اپنے مخصوص شوہرانہ حقوق میں
کسی کو شریک دیکھنا نہیں چاہتا۔ آپ نطفے کی ایک بوند سے بنی اولاد میں
کسی اور کو اپنا شریک بنانا پسند نہےں کرتے، تو وہ مالک جو انتہائی حقیر
بوند سے انسان کو پیدا کرتا ہے، وہ کیسے یہ برداشت کرلے گا کہ اس کا پیدا
کردہ انسان اس کے ساتھ کسی اور کو اس کا شریک بنائے۔ اس کے ساتھ کسی اور
کی بھی عبادت کی جائے اور بات مانی جائے، جب کہ اس پورے جہان میں جس کو جو
کچھ دیا ہے، اسی نے عطا کیا ہے۔ جس طرح ایک طوائف اپنی عزت و آبرو بیچ کر
ہر آنے والے آدمی کو اپنے اوپر قبضہ دے دیتی ہے تو اس کی وجہ سے وہ ہماری
نظروں سے گری ہوئی رہتی ہے، وہ آدمی اپنے مالک کی نظروں میں اس سے زیادہ
نیچ اور گرا ہوا ہے، جو اس کو چھوڑ کر کسی دوسرے کی عبادت میں مست ہو،
چاہے وہ کوئی دیوتا ہو یا فرشتہ، جن ہو یا انسان ، بت ہو یا مورتی، قبرہو
یا استھان یا کوئی دوسری خیالی یا حقیقی شے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">قرآنِ پاک میں مورتی پوجا کی مخالفت:</span><br />
مورتی پوجا کے لیے قرآنِ مجید میں ایک مثال پیش کی گئی ہے، جو غور کرنے کے قابل ہے:<br />
”اللہ کو چھوڑ کر تم جن (مورتی، قبرواستھان والوں) کو پکارتے ہو، وہ سب
مل کر ایک مکھی بھی پیدا نہیں کرسکتے۔( پیدا کرناتو دور کی بات ہے)، اگر
مکھی ان کے سامنے سے کوئی چیز (پرساد وغیرہ) چھین لے جائے تو اسے واپس بھی
نہیں لے سکتے۔ طلب کرنے والا اور جس سے طلب کیا جارہا ہے، دونوں کتنے کم
زور ہیں<span dir="ltr">o</span> اور انھوں نے اللہ کی اس طرح قدر نہیں کی، جیسی کرنی چاہیے تھی، بلاشبہہ اللہ طاقت ور اور زبردست ہے<span dir="ltr">o</span> “ (ترجمہ القرآن، الحج ۲۲:۳۷-۴۷) <br />
کتنی اچھی مثال ہے۔ بنانے والا تو خود اللہ ہے۔ اپنے ہاتھوں سے بنائی
گئی مورتیوں اور بتوں کے بنانے والے غافل انسان ہیں۔ اگر ان مورتیوں میں
تھوڑی بہت سمجھ ہوتی تو وہ انسانوں کی عبادت کرتیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایک بودا خیال:</span><br />
کچھ لوگوں کا ماننا یہ ہے کہ ہم ان کی عبادت اس لیے کرتے ہیں کہ انھوں
نے ہی ہمیں مالک کا راستہ دکھایا اور ان کے وسیلے سے ہم مالک کی عنایت
حاصل کرتے ہیں۔ یہ بالکل ایسی بات ہوئی کہ کوئی قلی سے ٹرین کے بارے میں
معلوم کرے اور جب قلی اسے ٹرین کے بارے میں معلومات دے دے تو وہ ٹرین کی
جگہ قلی پر ہی سوار ہوجائے، کہ اس نے ہی ہمیں ٹرین کے بارے میں بتایاہے۔
اسی طرح اللہ کی صحیح سمت اور راستہ بتانے والے کی عبادت کرنا بالکل ایسا
ہے، جیسے ٹرین کو چھوڑ کر قلی پر سوار ہوجانا۔<br />
کچھ بھائی یہ بھی کہتے ہیں کہ ہم صرف دھیان جمانے اور توجہ مرکوز کرنے
کے لیے ان مورتیوں کو رکھتے ہیں۔ یہ بھی خوب رہی کہ خوب غور سے کسی کھمبے
کو دیکھ رہے ہیں اور کہہ رہے ہیں کہ ہم تو صرف والد صاحب کا دھیان جمانے
کے لیے کھمبے کو دیکھ رہے ہیں! کہاں والد صاحب اور کہاں کھمبا؟ کہاں یہ کم
زور مورتی اور کہاں وہ انتہائی زبردست، رحیم و کریم مالک! اس سے دھیان
بندھے گا یا بٹے گا؟<br />
خلاصہ یہ ہے کہ کسی بھی طرح سے کسی کو بھی اللہ کا شریک ماننا سب سے بڑا
گناہ ہے، جس کو وہ کبھی بھی معاف نہیں کرے گا اور ایسا آدمی ہمیشہ کے لیے
جہنم کا ایندھن بنے گا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">سب سے بڑی نیکی ایمان ہے:</span><br />
اسی طرح سب سے بڑی بھلائی اور نیکی”ایمان“ ہے، جس کے بارے میں دنیا کے
تمام مذہب والے یہ کہتے ہیں کہ سب کچھ یہیں چھوڑ جانا ہے، مرنے کے بعد
آدمی کے ساتھ صرف ایمان جائے گا۔ ایمان داری یا ایمان والا اس کو کہتے
ہیں، جو حق والے کو حق دینے والا ہو، اس کے برخلاف حق مارنے والے کو ظالم
کہتے ہیں۔ اس انسان پر سب سے بڑا حق اس کے پیدا کرنے والے کا ہے۔ وہ یہ کہ
سب کو پیدا کرنے والا، موت و زندگی دینے والا مالک، رب اور عبادت کے لائق
صرف اکیلا اللہ ہے تو پھر اسی کی عبادت کی جائے، اسی کو مالک، نفع و
نقصان، عزت و ذلت دینے والا سمجھا جائے اور اس کی دی ہوئی زندگی اسی کی
مرضی اور اطاعت کے مطابق بسر کی جائے، اسی کو مانا جائے اور اسی کی مانی
جائے۔ اسی کا نام ایمان ہے۔ صرف اسی ایک کو مالک مانے بغیر، اور اس کی تابع
داری کیے بغیر انسان ایمان دار یعنی ایمان والا نہیں ہوسکتا، بلکہ وہ بے
ایمان اور کافر کہلائے گا۔<br />
مالک کا سب سے بڑا حق مار کر لوگوں کے سامنے اپنی ایمان داری جتانا ایسا
ہی ہے کہ ایک ڈاکو بہت بڑی ڈکیتی سے مال دار بن جائے اور پھر دوکان پر
لالہ جی سے کہے کہ آپ کا ایک روپیہ میرے پاس حساب میں زیادہ آگیا ہے، آپ
لے لیجیے۔ اتنا مال لوٹنے کے بعد ایک روپیے کا حساب دینا جیسی ایمان داری
ہے، اپنے مالک کو چھوڑ کر کسی اور کی عبادت کرنا اس سے بھی بدتر ایمان
داری ہے۔<br />
ایمان صرف یہ ہے کہ انسان اپنے مالک کو اکیلا مانے، اس اکیلے کی عبادت
کرے اور زندگی کی ہر گھڑی کو مالک کی مرضی اور اس کے حکم کے مطابق بسر
کرے۔ اس کی دی ہوئی زندگی کو اس کی مرضی کے مطابق گزارنا ہی دین کہلاتا
ہے۔ اور اس کے احکامات کو ٹھکرا دینا بے دینی۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">سچا دین:</span><br />
سچا دین شروع سے ہی ایک ہے اور اس کی تعلیم ہے کہ اس اکیلے ہی کو مانا
جائے اور اسی کا حکم بھی مانا جائے، اللہ نے قرآنِ مجید میں کہا ہے:<br />
”دین تو اللہ کے نزدیک صرف اسلام ہے۔“ <br />
(ترجمہ القرآن، آل عمران۳:۹۱) <br />
”اسلام کے علاوہ جو بھی کسی اور دین کو اختیار کرے گا، وہ ناقابلِ قبول ہوگا اور ایسا شخص آخرت میں نقصان اٹھانے والوں میں ہوگا<span dir="ltr">o</span> “ <br />
(ترجمہ القرآن، آل عمران ۳: ۵۸) <br />
انسان کی کم زوری ہے کہ اس کی نظر ایک مخصوص حد تک دیکھ سکتی ہے۔ اس کے
کان ایک حد تک سن سکتے ہیں، اس کے سونگھنے، چکھنے اور چھونے کی قوت بھی
محدودہے۔ ان پانچ حواس سے اس کی عقل کو معلومات فراہم ہوتی ہے، اسی طرح
عقل کی رسائی کی بھی ایک حد ہے۔<br />
وہ مالک کس طرح کی زندگی پسند کرتا ہے؟ اس کی عبادت کس طرح کی جائے؟
مرنے کے بعد کیا ہوگا؟ جنت کن لوگوں کو ملے گی؟ وہ کون سے کام ہیں، جن کے
نتیجے میں انسان جہنم میں جائے گا؟اس سب کا پتا انسانی عقل ، فہم اور علم
سے نہیں لگایا جاسکتا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">پیغمبر:</span><br />
انسان کی اس کم زوری پر رحم کرکے اس کے رب نے اپنے بندوں میں سے ان عظیم
انسانوں پر جن کو اس نے اس ذمے داری کے قابل سمجھا، اپنے فرشتوں کے ذریعے
ان پر اپنا پیغام نازل کیا، جنھوں نے انسان کو زندگی بسر کرنے اور بندگی
کے طور طریقے بتائے اور زندگی کی وہ حقیقتیں بتائیں، جو وہ اپنی عقل کی
بنیاد پر نہیں سمجھ سکتا تھا۔ ایسے بزرگ اور عظیم انسان کو نبی، رسول یا
پیغمبر کہا جاتا ہے۔ اسے اوتار بھی کہہ سکتے ہیں، بشرطے کہ اوتار کا مطلب
ہو ”وہ انسان جس کو اللہ نے انسانوں تک اپنا پیغام پہنچانے کے لیے منتخب
کیا ہو۔“ لیکن آج کل اوتار کا مطلب یہ سمجھا جاتا ہے کہ خدا انسان کی صورت
میں زمین پر اترا ہے۔ یہ فضول خیال اور اندھی عقیدت ہے۔ یہ بہت بڑا گناہ
ہے۔ اس باطل تصور نے انسان کو ایک مالک کی عبادت سے ہٹا کر اسے مورتی پوجا
کی دلدل میں پھنسا دیا۔<br />
وہ عظیم انسان جن کو اللہ نے لوگوں کو سچا راستہ بتانے کے لیے چنا اور
جن کو نبی اور رسول کہا گیا، ہر قوم میں آتے رہے ہیں۔ ان سب نے لوگوں کو
ایک اللہ کو ماننے، صرف اسی اکیلے کی عبادت کرنے اور اس کی مرضی سے زندگی
گزارنے کا جو طریقہ (شریعت یا مذہبی قانون) وہ لائے، اس کی پابندی کرنے کو
کہا۔ ان میں سے کسی رسول نے بھی ایک اللہ کے علاوہ کسی اور کی عبادت کی
دعوت نہیں دی، بلکہ انھوں نے اس کو سب سے بھیانک اور بڑا جرم قرار دیتے
ہوئے سب سے زیادہ اسی گناہ سے روکا۔ ان کی باتوں پر لوگوں نے یقین کیا اور
سچے راستوں پر چلنے لگے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">مورتی پوجا کی ابتدا:</span><br />
ایسے تمام پیغمبر اور ان کے ماننے والے لوگ نیک انسان تھے، ان کو موت
آنی تھی (جس کو موت نہیں، وہ صرف اللہ ہے)۔ نبی یا رسول یا نیک لوگوں
(بزرگوں) کی موت کے بعد ان کے ماننے والوں کو ان کی یاد آئی اور وہ ان کی
یاد میں بہت روتے تھے۔ شیطان کو موقع مل گیا۔ وہ انسان کا دشمن ہے اور
انسان کے امتحان کے لیے مالک اللہ نے اس کو بہکانے اور بری باتیں انسان کے
دل میں ڈالنے کی ہمت دی ہے کہ دیکھیں کون اس پیدا کرنے والے مالک کو
مانتا ہے اور کون شیطان کو مانتا ہے۔<br />
شیطان لوگوں کے پاس آیا اور کہا کہ تمہیں اپنے رسول یا نبی یا بزرگوں سے
بڑی محبت ہے۔ مرنے کے بعد وہ تمہاری نظروں سے اوجھل ہوگئے ہیں، یہ سب
اللہ کے چہیتے بندے ہیں، اللہ ان کی بات نہیں ٹالتا ہے، اس لیے میں ان کی
ایک مورتی بنادیتا ہوں، اس کو دیکھ کر تم سکون پاسکتے ہو۔ شیطان نے مورتی
بنائی۔ جب ان کا دل چاہتا، وہ اسے دیکھا کرتے تھے۔ آہستہ آہستہ جب اس
مورتی کی محبت ان کے دل میں بس گئی تو شیطان نے کہا کہ یہ رسول، نبی و
بزرگ اللہ سے بہت قریب ہیں، اگر تم ان کی مورتی کے آگے اپنا سر جھکاو ¿ گے
تو اپنے کو خدا کے قریب پاو ¿ گے اور اللہ تمہاری بات مان لے گا، یا تم
خدا سے قریب ہوجاو ¿گے۔ انسان کے دل میں مورتی کی محبت پہلے ہی گھر کرچکی
تھی، اس لیے اس نے مورتی کے آگے سر جھکانا اور اسے پوجنا شروع کردیا اور
وہ انسان جس کی عبادت کے لائق صرف ایک اللہ تھا، مورتیوں کو پوجنے لگا اور
شرک میں پھنس گیا۔<br />
انسان جسے اللہ نے زمین پر خلیفہ بنایا تھا، جب اللہ کے علاوہ دوسروں کے
آگے جھکنے لگا تو اپنی اور دوسروں کی نظروں میں ذلیل وخوار ہوا اور مالک
کی نظروں سے گر کر ہمیشہ کے لیے دوزخ اس کا ٹھکانا بن گیا۔ اس کے بعد اللہ
نے پھر اپنے رسول بھیجے، جنھوں نے لوگوں کو مورتی پوجا ہی نہیں، ہر قسم
کے شرک اور ظلم و ستم سے تعلق رکھنے والی برائیوں اور اخلاقی خرابیوں سے
روکا، کچھ لوگوں نے ان کی بات مانی، اور کچھ لوگوں نے ان کی نافرمانی کی۔
جن لوگوں نے بات مانی، اللہ ان سے خوش ہوا، اور جن لوگوں نے ان کی ہدایت
اور نصیحتوں کی خلاف ورزی کی، اللہ کی جانب سے دنیا ہی میں ان کو تباہ و
برباد کردینے والے فیصلے کیے گئے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">رسولوں کی تعلیم:</span><br />
ایک کے بعد ایک نبی اور رسول آتے رہے، ان کے دین کی بنیاد ایک ہوتی، وہ
ایک دین کی طرف بلاتے کہ ایک اللہ کو مانو، کسی کو اس کی ذات اور صفات و
اختیارات میں شریک نہ ٹھہراو ¿، اس کی عبادت و اطاعت میں کسی کو شریک نہ
کرو، اس کے سب رسولوں کو سچا جانو، اس کے فرشتے جو اس کے بندے اور پاک
مخلوق ہیں، جو نہ کھاتے پیتے ہیں، نہ سوتے ہیں، ہر کام میںمالک کی فرماں
برداری کرتے ہیں، اس کی نافرمانی نہیںکرسکتے، وہ اللہ کی خدائی یا اس کے
معاملات میں ذرہ برابر بھی دخیل نہیں ہیں، ان کی اس حیثیت کو تسلیم کرو۔
اس نے اپنے فرشتوں کے ذریعے سے اپنے رسولوں و نبیوں پر جو وحی بھیجی یا
کتابیں نازل کیں، ان سب کو سچا جانو، مرنے کے بعد دوبارہ زندگی پاکر اپنے
اچھے برے کاموں کا بدلہ پانا ہے، اس پر یقین کے ساتھ اسے برحق جانو اور یہ
بھی مانو کہ جو کچھ تقدیر میں اچھا یا برا ہے، وہ مالک کی طرف سے ہے اور
رسول اس وقت اللہ کی جانب سے جو شریعت اور زندگی گزارنے کا طریقے لے کر
آیا ہے، اس پر چلو اور جن برائیوں اور حرام کاموں اور چیزوں سے اس نے منع
کیا، ان کو نہ کرو۔<br />
جتنے اللہ کے نبی اور رسول آئے، سب سچے تھے اور ان پر جو مقدس کلام نازل
ہوا، وہ سب سچا تھا۔ ان سب پر ہمارا ایمان ہے اور ہم ان میں فرق نہیں
کرتے۔ حق بات تو یہ ہے کہ جنھوں نے ایک اللہ کو ماننے کی دعوت دی ہو، ان
کی تعلیمات میں ایک مالک کو چھوڑ کر دوسروں کی پوجا ہی نہیں خود اپنی پوجا
کی بھی بات نہ ہو، ان کے سچے ہونے میں کیا کلام ہوسکتا ہے؟ البتہ جن
مہاپرشوں کے یہاں مورتی پوجا یا بہت سے معبودوں کی عبادت کی تعلیم ملتی
ہے،یا تو ان کی تعلیمات میں ردوبدل کردی گئی یا وہ رسول ہی نہیں ہیں۔ محمد
ﷺ سے پہلے کے تمام رسولوں کی زندگی کے حالات میں ردوبدل کردیا گیا ہے اور
ان کی تعلیمات کے بڑے حصے کو بھی تبدیل کردیا گیا ہے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">آخری پیغمبر محمد ﷺ:</span><br />
یہ ایک بیش قیمت سچ ہے کہ ہر آنے والے رسول اور نبی کی زبان سے اور اس
پر اللہ کی جانب سے اتارے گئے صحیفوں میں ایک آخری نبی کی پیشین گوئی کی
گئی ہے اور یہ کہا گیا ہے کہ ان کے آنے کے بعد اور ان کو پہچان لینے کے
بعد ساری پرانی شریعتیں اور مذہبی قانون چھوڑ کر ان کی بات مانی جائے اور
ان کے ذریعے لائے گئے آخری کلام اور مکمل دین پر چلا جائے۔ یہ بھی اسلام
کی حقانیت کا ثبوت ہے کہ پچھلی کتابوں میں انتہائی ردوبدل کے باوجود اس
مالک نے آخری رسول محمد ﷺ کے آنے کی خبر کو تبدیل نہ ہونے دیا، تاکہ کوئی
یہ نہ کہہ سکے کہ ہمیں تو خبر ہی نہ تھی۔ ویدوں میں اس کا نام نراشنس،
پرانوں میں کلکی اوتار، بائبل میں فارقلیط اور بودھ گرنتھوں میں آخری بدھ
وغیرہ لکھا گیا ہے۔<br />
ان مذہبی کتب میں محمد ﷺ کے علاقہ ¿ پیدائش، زمانہ ¿ پیدائش اور ان کی صفات و خوبیوں وغیرہ کے بارے میں واضح اشارے دیے گئے ہیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">محمد ﷺ کی حیاتِ مبارکہ کا تعارف:</span><br />
اب سے تقریباً ساڑھے چودہ سو برس پہلے وہ آخری نبی و رسول محمد رسول ﷺ
سعودی عرب کے مشہور شہر مکہ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ پیدائش سے چند مہینے پہلے ہی
آپ کے والد عبداللہ کا انتقال ہوگیا تھا۔ والدہ آمنہ بھی کچھ زیادہ دن
زندہ نہیں رہیں۔ پہلے دادا عبدالمطلب اور ان کی وفات کے بعد آپ کے چچا
ابوطالب نے انہیں پالا۔ آپ اپنی خوبیوں اور نیکیوں کی بدولت جلد ہی تمام
مکہ شہر کی آنکھوں کا تارا بن گئے۔ جیسے جیسے آپ بڑے ہوتے گئے، آپ سے
لوگوں کی محبت بڑھتی گئی۔ آپ کو سچا اور ایمان دار کہا جانے لگا۔ لوگ
حفاظت کے لیے اپنی بیش قیمتی امانتیں آپ کے پاس رکھتے۔ اپنے آپسی جھگڑوں
کا فیصلہ کراتے۔ لوگ محمد ﷺ کو ہر اچھے کام میں آگے پاتے۔ آپ اپنے وطن میں
ہوں یا سفر پر، سب لوگ آپ کی خوبیوں کے معترف ہوتے۔ <br />
ان دنوں وہاں اللہ کے گھر کعبہ میں ۰۶۳ بت ، دیوی دیوتاو ¿ں کی مورتیاں
رکھی ہوئی تھیں۔ پورے عرب دیش میں شرک و کفر کے علاوہ قتل و غارت گری، لوٹ
مار، غلاموں اور عورتوں کی حق تلفی، اونچ نیچ، دغا و فریب، شراب، جوا،
سود، بے بنیاد جنگ، زنا جیسی جانے کتنی برائیاں پھیلی ہوئی تھیں۔<br />
محمد ﷺ جب ۰۴ برس کے ہوئے تو اللہ نے اپنے فرشتے جبرئیل علیہ السلام کے
ذریعے آپ پر قرآن نازل کرنا شروع کیا اور آپ کو رسول بنانے کی خوش خبری دی
اور لوگوں کو ایک اللہ کی عبادت و اطاعت کی طرف بلانے کی ذمے داری سپرد
کی۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">سچ کی آواز:</span><br />
اللہ کے رسول محمد ﷺ نے ایک پہاڑ کی چوٹی پر چڑھ کر خطرے سے باخبر کرنے
کے لیے آوازلگائی۔ لوگ اس آواز پر تیزی کے ساتھ جمع ہوگئے، اس لیے کہ یہ
ایک سچے ایمان دار آدمی کی آواز تھی۔ آپ نے سوال کیا:اگر میں تم سے کہوں
کہ اس پہاڑ کے پیچھے سے ایک بہت بڑی فوج چلی آرہی ہے اور تم پر حملہ کرنے
والی ہے، تو کیا تم یقین کرو گے؟<br />
سب نے ایک آواز ہوکر کہا: بھلا آپ کی بات پر کون یقین نہیں کرے گا! آپ
کبھی جھوٹ نہیں بولتے اور ہمارے مقابلے پہاڑ کی چوٹی سے دوسری طرف دیکھ
بھی رہے ہیں۔ آپ نے جہنم کی بھیانک آگ سے ڈراتے ہوئے انہیں شرک و بت پرستی
سے روکا اور ایک اللہ کی عبادت اور اطاعت یعنی اسلام کی طرف بلایا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">انسان کی ایک کم زوری:</span><br />
انسان کی یہ کم زوری رہی ہے کہ وہ اپنے باپ دادا اور بزرگوں کی غلط
باتوں کو بھی آنکھ بند کرکے مانتا چلا جاتا ہے،چاہے ان کی عقلیں اور دلائل
ان کا ساتھ نہیں دے رہے ہوں، لیکن اس کے باوجود انسان خان دانی باتوں پر
جما رہتا ہے اور اس کے خلاف عمل تو کیا، کچھ سننا بھی گوارا نہیں کرتا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">رکاوٹیں اور آزمائش:</span><br />
یہی وجہ تھی کہ چالیس برس کی عمر تک محمد ﷺ کا احترام کرنے اور سچا
ماننے اور جاننے کے باوجود مکہ کے لوگ رسول کی حیثیت سے اللہ کی جانب سے
لائی گئی آپ کی تعلیمات کے دشمن ہوگئے۔ آپ جتنا زیادہ لوگوں کو سب سے بڑی
سچائی، شرک کے خلاف توحید کی طرف بلاتے، لوگ اتنا ہی آپ کے ساتھ دشمنی
کرتے۔ کچھ لوگ اس سچائی کو ماننے والوں اور آپ کا ساتھ دینے والوں کو
ستاتے، مارتے، اور دہکتے ہوئے آگ کے انگاروں پر لٹا دیتے۔ گلے میں پھندا
ڈال کر گھسیٹتے، اور ان کو پتھروں اور کوڑوں سے مارتے، لیکن آپ سب کے لیے
اللہ سے دعا مانگتے، کسی سے بدلہ و انتقام نہیں لیتے، ساری ساری رات اپنے
مالک سے ان کے لیے ہدایت کی دعا کرتے۔ ایک بار آپ مکہ کے لوگوں سے مایوس
ہوکر قریبی شہر طائف گئے۔ وہاں کے لوگوں نے اس عظیم انسان کی توہین کی۔ آپ
کے پیچھے شریر لڑکے لگادیے، جو آپ کو برا بھلا کہتے۔<br />
انھوں نے آپ کو پتھر مارے، جس کی وجہ سے آپ کے پیروں سے خون بہنے لگا۔
تکلیف کی وجہ سے جب آپ کہیں بیٹھ جاتے تو وہ لڑکے آپ کو دوبارہ کھڑا
کردیتے، اور پھر مارتے۔ اس حال میں آپ شہر سے باہر نکل کر ایک جگہ پر بیٹھ
گئے۔ آپ نے انہیں بددعا نہیں دی، بلکہ اپنے مالک سے دعا کی: ”اے مالک! ان
کو سمجھ دے دے، یہ جانتے نہیں۔“ اس پاک کلام اور وحی پہنچانے کی وجہ سے
آپ کا اور آپ کا ساتھ دینے والے خان دان اور قبیلے کا سماجی بائی کاٹ کیا
گیا۔ اس پر بھی بس نہ چلاتو آپ کے قتل کے منصوبے بنائے گئے، آخر کاراللہ
کے حکم سے آپ کو اپنا پیارا شہر مکہ چھوڑکر مدینہ جانا پڑا۔ وہاں بھی مکہ
والے فوجیں تیار کرکے بار بار آپ سے جنگ کرنے کے لیے دھاوا بولتے رہے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">حق کی فتح:</span><br />
سچائی کی ہمیشہ دیر یا سویر فتح ہوتی ہے، ۳۲ سال کی سخت مشقت کے بعد آپ
نے سب کے دلوں پر فتح پائی اور سچائی کے راستے کی جانب آپ کی بے لوث دعوت
نے پورے ملک عرب کو اسلام کی ٹھنڈی چھاو ¿ں میں لاکھڑا کیا۔ اس طرح اس وقت
کی معلوم دنیا میں ایک انقلاب برپا ہوا۔ بت پرستی بند ہوئی، اونچ نیچ ختم
ہوگئی اور سب لوگ ایک اللہ کو ماننے اور اسی کی عبادت و اطاعت کرنے والے
اور ایک دوسرے کو بھائی جان کر ان کا حق ادا کرنے والے ہوگئے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">آخری وصیت:</span><br />
اپنی وفات سے کچھ ہی مہینے پہلے آپ نے تقریباً سوا لاکھ لوگوں کے ساتھ
حج کیا اور تمام لوگوں کو اپنی آخری وصیت کی، جس میں آپ نے یہ بھی کہا:
لوگو! مرنے کے بعد قیامت میں حساب کتاب کے دن میرے بارے میں بھی تم سے
پوچھا جائے گا، کہ کیا میں نے اللہ کا پیغام اور اس کا دین تم تک پہنچایا
تھا، تو تم کیا جواب دوگے؟ سب نے کہا: بے شک آپ نے اسے مکمل طور سے پہنچا
دیا، اس کا حق ادا کردیا۔ آپ نے آسمان کی جانب انگلی اٹھائی اور تین بار
کہا: اے اللہ! آپ گواہ رہیے، آپ گواہ رہیے، آپ گواہ رہیے۔ اس کے بعد آپ نے
لوگوں سے فرمایا: یہ سچا دین جن تک پہنچ چکا ہے، وہ ان کو پہنچائیں، جن
کے پاس نہیں پہنچا ہے۔<br />
آپ نے یہ بھی خبر دی کہ میں آخری رسول ہوں۔ اب میرے بعد کوئی رسول یا
نبی نہیں آئے گا۔ میں ہی وہ آخری نبی ہوں، جس کا تم انتظار کررہے تھے اور
جس کے بارے میں تم سب کچھ جانتے ہو۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">قرآن میں ہے:</span><br />
”جن لوگوں کو ہم نے کتاب دی ہے، وہ اس (پیغمبر محمد ) کو ایسے پہچانتے
ہیں، جیسے اپنے بیٹوں کو پہچانتے ہیں۔اگرچہ ان میں کا ایک گروہ حق کو
جانتے بوجھتے چھپاتا ہے<span dir="ltr">o</span> “ (ترجمہ القرآن، البقرة ۲:۶۴۱) </b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ہر انسان کی ذمے داری:</span><br />
اب قیامت تک آنے والے ہر انسان پر یہ لازم ہے اور یہ اس کا مذہبی اور
انسانی فریضہ ہے کہ وہ اس اکیلے مالک کی بندگی کرے، اسی کی اطاعت کرے، اس
کے ساتھ کسی کو شریک نہ ٹھہرائے، قیامت اور دوبارہ اٹھائے جانے، حساب
کتاب، جنت و جہنم کو صحیح تسلیم کرے اور اس بات کو مانے کہ آخرت میں اللہ
ہی مالک و مختار ہوگا، وہاں بھی اس کا کوئی شریک نہ ہوگا اور اس کے آخری
پیغمبر محمد ﷺ کو سچا جانے اور ان کے لائے ہوئے دین اور زندگی گزارنے کے
طور طریقوں پر چلے۔ اسلام میں اسی کو ایمان کہا گیا ہے۔ اس کو مانے بغیر
مرنے کے بعد قیامت میں ہمیشہ کے لیے جہنم کی آگ میں جلنا پڑے گا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">کچھ اشکالات:</span><br />
یہاں کسی کے ذہن میں کچھ سوال پیدا ہوسکتے ہیں۔ مرنے کے بعد جنت یا دوزخ میں جانا دکھائی تو دیتا نہیں، اسے کیوں مانیں؟<br />
اس سلسلے میں یہ جان لینا مناسب ہوگا کہ تمام الہامی کتابوں میں جنت اور
دوزخ کا حال بیان کیا گیا ہے، جس سے یہ معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ جنت و دوزخ کا
تصور تمام الہامی مذاہب میں مسلّم ہے۔<br />
اسے ہم ایک مثال سے بھی سمجھ سکتے ہیں۔ بچہ جب ماں کے پیٹ میں ہوتا ہے،
اگر اس سے کہا جائے کہ جب تم باہر آو ¿گے تو دودھ پیوگے اور باہر آکر تم
بہت سے لوگوں اور بہت سی چیزوں کو دیکھو گے، تو حالتِ حمل میں اسے یقین
نہیں آئے گا، مگر جیسے ہی وہ حالتِ حمل سے باہر آئے گا، تب سب چیزوں کو
اپنے سامنے پائے گا۔ اسی طرح یہ تمام جہان ایک حمل کی حالت میں ہے، یہاں
سے موت کے بعد نکل کر جب انسان آخرت کے جہان میں آنکھیں کھولے گا تو سب
کچھ اپنے سامنے پائے گا۔<br />
وہاں کی جنت و دوزخ اور دوسری حقیقتوں کی خبر ہمیں اس سچے شخص نے دی ہے،
جس کو اس کے جانی دشمن بھی کبھی دل سے جھوٹا نہ کہہ سکے، اور قرآن جیسی
کتاب نے دی ہے، جس کی سچائی ہر اپنے پرائے نے مانی ہے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">دوسرا سوال:</span><br />
دوسری چیز جو کسی کے دل میں کھٹک سکتی ہے، وہ یہ کہ جب تمام رسول، ان
کالایا ہوا دین اور الہامی صحائف سچے ہیں تو پھر اسلام قبول کرنا کیا
ضروری ہے؟<br />
آج کی موجودہ دنیا میں اس کا جواب بالکل آسان ہے۔ ہمارے ملک کی ایک پارلیمنٹ ہے، یہاں کا ایک منظور شدہ دستور(<span dir="ltr">constitution</span>
) ہے۔ یہاں جتنے وزیر اعظم ہوئے، وہ سب ہندوستان کے حقیقی وزیراعظم تھے۔
پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو، شاستری جی، اندرا گاندھی، چرن سنگھ، راجیو گاندھی،
وی پی سنگھ وغیرہ۔ ملک کی ضرورت اور وقت کے مطابق جو دستوری ترمیمات اور
قوانین انھوں نے پاس کیں، وہ سب بھارت کے دستور اور قانون کا حصہ ہیں، اس
کے باوجود اب جو موجودہ وزیر اعظم ہیں، ان کی کابینہ اور سرکار دستور یا
قانون میں جو بھی ترمیم کرے گی، اس سے پرانی دستوری دفعہ اور پرانا قانون
ختم ہوجائے گا اور بھارت کے ہر شہری کے لیے ضروری ہوگا کہ اس نئے ترمیم
شدہ دستور و قانون کو مانے۔ اس کے بعد کوئی ہندوستانی شہری یہ کہے کہ
اندرا گاندھی اصلی وزیراعظم تھیں، میں تو ان کے ہی وقت کے دستور و قانون کو
مانوں گا، اس نئے وزیر اعظم کے ترمیم شدہ دستور و قانون کو میں نہیں
مانتا اور نہ ان کے ذریعے لگائے گئے ٹیکس دوں گا تو ایسے شخص کو ہر کوئی
ملک کا مخالف کہے گا اور اسے سزا کا مستحق سمجھا جائے گا۔ اسی طرح تمام
الہامی مذاہب، اورالٰہی کتابوں میں اپنے وقت میں حق اورسچائی کی تعلیم دی
جاتی تھی، لیکن اب تمام رسولوں اور الہامی کتابوں کو سچا مانتے ہوئے بھی
سب سے آخری رسول محمد ﷺ پر ایمان لانا اور ان کی لائی ہوئی آخری کتاب و
شریعت پر عمل کرنا ہر انسان کے لیے ضروری ہے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">سچا دین صرف ایک ہے:</span><br />
اس لیے یہ کہنا کسی طرح مناسب نہیں کہ تمام مذاہب خدا کی طرف لے جاتے
ہیں۔ راستے الگ الگ ہیں، منزل ایک ہے۔ سچ صرف ایک ہوتا ہے۔ جھوٹ بہت
ہوسکتے ہیں۔ نور ایک ہوتا ہے، اندھیرے بہت ہوسکتے ہیں۔ سچا دین صرف ایک
ہے۔ وہ شروع ہی سے ایک ہے، اس لیے اس ایک کو ماننا اور اسی ایک کی ماننا
اسلام ہے۔ دین کبھی نہیں بدلتا، صرف شریعتیں وقت کے مطابق بدلتی رہی ہیں
اور وہ بھی اسی مالک کے بتائے ہوئے طریقے پر۔ جب انسان کی نسل ایک ہے اور
ان کا مالک ایک ہے تو راستہ بھی صرف ایک ہے۔ قرآن نے کہا ہے:<br />
”دین تو اللہ کے نزدیک صرف اسلام ہے۔“<br />
(ترجمہ القرآن، آل عمران۳:۹۱) </b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایک اور سوال:</span><br />
یہ سوال بھی ذہن میں آسکتا ہے کہ محمد ﷺ اللہ کے سچے نبی اور پیغمبر ہیں اور وہ دنیا کے آخری پیغمبر بھی ہیں، اس کا کیا ثبوت ہے؟<br />
جواب صاف ہے کہ اول تو یہ قرآن جو خدا کا کلام ہے، اس نے دنیا کو اپنے
سچے ہونے کے لیے جو دلیلیں دی ہیں، وہ سب کو ماننی پڑی ہیں اور آج تک ان
کی کاٹ نہیں ہوسکی ہے۔ اس نے محمد ﷺ کے سچے اور آخری نبی ہونے کا اعلان
کیا ہے۔ دوسری بات یہ ہے محمد ﷺ کی زندگی کا ایک ایک پَل دنیا کے سامنے
ہے۔ ان کی تمام زندگی تاریخ کی کھلی کتاب ہے۔ دنیا میں کسی بھی انسان کی
زندگی آپ کی زندگی کی طرح محفوظ اور تاریخ کی روشنی میں نہیں ہے۔ آپ کے
دشمنوں اور اسلام دشمن تاریخ دانوں نے بھی کبھی یہ نہیں کہا کہ محمد ﷺ نے
اپنی ذاتی زندگی میں کبھی کسی سلسلے میں جھوٹ بولا ہو۔ آپ کے شہر والے آپ
کی سچائی کی گواہی دیتے تھے۔ جس بہترین انسان نے اپنی ذاتی زندگی میں کبھی
جھوٹ نہیں بولا، وہ دین کے نام پر اور رب کے نام پر جھوٹ کیسے بول سکتا
تھا؟ آپ نے خود یہ بتایا ہے کہ میں آخری نبی ہوں، میرے بعد اب کوئی نبی
نہیں آئے گا۔ تمام مذہبی کتابوں میں آخری رشی، کلکی اوتار کی جو پیشین
گوئیاں کی گئیں اور علامتیں بتائی گئی ہیں، وہ صرف محمد ﷺ پر پوری اترتی
ہیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">پنڈت وید پرکاش اپادھیائے کا فیصلہ:</span><br />
پنڈت وید پرکاش اپادھیائے نے لکھا ہے کہ جو شخض اسلام قبول نہ کرے اور
محمد ﷺ اور آپ کے دین کو نہ مانے، وہ ہندو بھی نہیں ہے، اس لیے کہ ہندوو
¿ں کے مذہبی گرنتھوں میں کلکی اوتار اور نراشنس کے اس زمین پر آجانے کے
بعد ان کو ماننے، اور ان کے دین کوتسلیم کرنے پر زور دیا گیا ہے، اس طرح
جو ہندو بھی اپنے مذہبی گرنتھوں میں عقیدہ رکھتا ہے، اللہ کے رسول محمد ﷺ
کو مانے بغیر مرنے کے بعد کی زندگی میں دوزخ کی آگ، وہاں اللہ کے دیدار سے
محرومی اور اس کے دائمی غضب کا مستحق ہوگا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایمان کی ضرورت:</span><br />
مرنے کے بعد کی زندگی کے علاوہ اس دنیا میں بھی ایمان اور اسلام ہماری
ضرورت ہے اور انسان کا فرض ہے کہ ایک مالک کی عبادت و اطاعت کرے۔ جو اپنے
مالک اور رب کا در چھوڑ کر دوسروں کے سامنے جھکتا پھرے، وہ جان وروں سے
بھی گیا گزرا ہے۔ کتا بھی اپنے مالک کے در پر پڑا رہتا ہے اور اسی سے آس
لگاتا ہے۔ وہ کیسا انسان ہے، جو اپنے سچے مالک کو بھول کر در در جھکتا
پھرے!<br />
لیکن اس ایمان کی زیادہ ضرورت مرنے کے بعد کے لیے ہے، جہاں سے انسان
واپس نہ لوٹے گا اور موت پکارنے پر بھی اس کو موت نہ ملے گی۔ اس وقت
پچھتاوا بھی کچھ کام نہ آئے گا۔ اگر انسان یہاں سے ایمان کے بغیر چلا گیا
تو ہمیشہ جہنم کی آگ میں جلنا پڑے گا۔ اگر اس دنیا کی آگ کی ایک چنگاری
بھی ہمارے جسم کو چھو جائے تو ہم تڑپ جاتے ہیں تو دوزخ کی آگ کیسے برداشت
ہوسکے گی! دوزخ کی آگ دنیا کی آگ سے ستر گنا زیادہ تیز ہے اور بے ایمان
والوں کو اس میں ہمیشہ جلنا ہوگا۔ جب ان کے بدن کی کھال جل جائے گی تو
دوسری کھال بدل دی جائے گی، اس طرح لگاتار یہ سزا بھگتنا ہوگی۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">انتہائی توجہ طلب بات:</span><br />
میرے عزیز قارئین! موت کا وقت نہ جانے کب آجائے۔ جو سانس اندرہے، اس کے
باہر آنے کا بھروسا نہیں اور جو سانس باہر ہے، اس کے اندر آنے کا بھروسا
نہیں۔ موت سے پہلے مہلت ہے، اس مہلتِ عمل میں اپنی سب سے پہلی اور سب سے
بڑی ذمے داری کا احساس کرلیں۔ ایمان کے بغیر نہ یہ زندگی کام یاب ہے اور
نہ مرنے کے بعد آنے والی زندگی۔<br />
کل سب کو اپنے مالک کے پاس جانا ہے، وہاں سب سے پہلے ایمان کی پوچھ تاچھ
ہوگی۔ہاں،اس میں میری ذاتی غرض بھی ہے کہ کل حساب کے دن آپ یہ نہ کہہ دیں
کہ ہم تک رب کی بات پہنچائی ہی نہیں گئی تھی۔<br />
مجھے امید ہے کہ یہ سچی باتیں آپ کے دل میں گھر کرگئی ہوں گی تو آئیے
محترم! سچے دل اور سچی روح والے میرے عزیز دوست! اس مالک کو گواہ بناکر
اور ایسے سچے دل سے جسے دلوں کا حال <span style="color: blue;">جاننے والا مان لے، اقرار کریں اورعہد کریں:</span></b>
<b><span dir="rtl" style="color: #006633; font-family: _PDMS_Saleem_QuranFont;">اَشْهَدُ اَن لَّآ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا االلهُ وَ اَشْهَدُ اَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُہُ وَ رَسُوْ لُهُ</span><br />
”میں گواہی دیتا ہوں اس بات کی کہ اللہ کے سوا کوئی عبادت کے لائق نہیں،
(وہ اکیلا ہے، اس کا کوئی شریک نہیں)اور میں گواہی دیتا ہوں کہ محمداللہ
کے بندے اور اس کے رسول ہیں۔“<br />
میں توبہ کرتا ہوں کفر سے، شرک (کسی بھی طرح اللہ کا شریک بنانے) سے اور
تمام طرح کے گناہوں سے اور اس بات کا عہد کرتا ہوں کہ اپنے پیدا کرنے
والے سچے مالک کے سب حکم مانوں گا اور اس کے سچے نبی محمد ﷺ کی سچی اطاعت
کروں گا۔<br />
رحیم اور کریم مالک مجھے اور آپ کو اس راستے پر مرتے دم تک قائم رکھے، آمین!<br />
میرے عزیز دوست! اگر آپ اپنی موت تک اس یقین اور ایمان کے مطابق اپنی
زندگی گزارتے رہے تو پھر معلوم ہوگا کہ آپ کے اس بھائی نے کیسا محبت کا حق
ادا کیا۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایمان کا امتحان</span>:<br />
اس اسلام اور ایمان کے باعث آپ کی آزمائش بھی ہوسکتی ہے، مگر جیت ہمیشہ
سچ کی ہوتی ہے۔ یہاں بھی حق کی جیت ہوگی اور اگر زندگی بھر امتحان سے
گزرنا پڑے تو یہ سوچ کر سہہ جانا کہ اس دنیا کی زندگی تو کچھ دنو ں تک
محدود ہے۔ مرنے کے بعد کی ہمیشہ کی زندگی وہاں کی جنت اور اس کے سکھ حاصل
کرنے کے لیے اور اپنے مالک کو راضی کرنے کے لیے اور اس کے بالمشافہ دیدار
کے لیے یہ آزمائشیں کچھ بھی نہیں ہیں۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">آپ کا فرض:</span><br />
ایک بات اور ۔ ایمان اور اسلام کی یہ سچائی ہر اس بھائی کا حق اور امانت
ہے، جس تک یہ حق نہیں پہنچا ہے، اس لیے آپ کا بھی فرض © ہے کہ بے لوث
ہوکر اللہ واسطے صرف اپنے بھائی کی ہم دردی میں اسے مالک کے غضب، دوزخ کی
آگ اور سزا سے بچانے کے لیے، دکھ درد کے پورے احساس کے ساتھ جس طرح اللہ
کے رسول ﷺ نے عمر بھر یہ سچائی پہنچائی تھی، آپ بھی پہنچائیں۔ اس کو صحیح
سچا راستہ سمجھ میں آجائے، اس کے لیے اپنے مالک سے دعا کریں۔ کیا ایسا شخص
انسان کہلانے کا حق دار ہے، جس کے سامنے ایک اندھا بینائی سے محروم ہونے
کی وجہ سے آگ کے الاو ¿ میں گرنے والا ہو، اور وہ ایک بار بھی پھوٹے منھ
سے یہ نہ کہے کہ تمہارا یہ راستہ آگ کے الاو ¿ کی جانب جاتا ہے۔ سچی
انسانیت کی بات تو یہی ہے کہ وہ اس کو روکے، اس کو پکڑ کر بچائے اور عزم
کرے کہ جب تک اپنا بس ہے، میں ہرگز اسے آگ میں گرنے نہیں دوں گا۔<br />
ایمان لانے کے بعد ہر مسلمان پر حق ہے کہ جس کو دین کی، نبی کی، قرآن کی
ہدایت مل چکی ہے، وہ شرک اور کفر کی شیطانی آگ میں پھنسے لوگوں کو بچانے
کی دھن میں لگ جائے۔ ان کی ٹھوڑی میں ہاتھ دے، ان کے پاو ¿ں پکڑے کہ لوگ
ایمان سے ہٹ کر غلط راستے پر نہ جائیں۔ بے غرض اور سچی ہم دردی میں کہی
گئی بات دل پر اثر کرتی ہے۔ اگر آپ کے ذریعے ایک آدمی کو بھی ایمان مل گیا
اور ایک شخص بھی مالک کے سچے در پر لگ گیا تو ہمارا بیڑا پار ہوجائے گا،
اس لیے کہ اللہ اس شخص سے بہت زیادہ خوش ہوتا ہے، جو کسی کو کفر اور شرک
سے نکال کر سچائی کے راستے پر لگادے۔ آپ کا بیٹا اگر آپ سے باغی ہوکر دشمن
سے جاملے اور آپ کے بجائے وہ اسی کے کہنے پر چلے، پھر کوئی نیک آدمی اس کو
سمجھا بجھا کر آپ کا فرماں بردار بنادے تو آپ اس نیک آدمی سے کتنے خوش
ہوںگے۔ مالک اس بندے سے اس سے زیادہ خوش ہوتا ہے، جو دوسرے تک ایمان
پہنچانے اور بانٹنے کا ذریعہ بن جائے۔</b>
<b><span style="color: blue;">ایمان لانے کے بعد:</span><br />
اسلام قبول کرنے کے بعد جب آپ مالک کے سچے بندے بن گئے تو اب آپ پر
روزانہ پانچ بار نماز فرض ہے۔ آپ اسے سیکھیں اور پڑھیں۔ اس سے روح کو
تسکین ہوگی اور اللہ کی محبت بڑھے گی۔ مال دار ہیں تو دین کی مقرر کی ہوئی
در سے ہر سال اپنی آمدنی میں سے مستحقین کا حصہ زکوٰة کے طور پر نکالنا
ہوگا، رمضان کے پورے مہینے روزے رکھنے ہوں گے اور اگر بس میں ہو تو عمر
میں ایک بار حج کے لیے مکہ جانا ہوگا۔<br />
خبردار! اب آپ کا سر اللہ کے علاوہ کسی کے آگے نہ جھکے۔ آپ پر کفر و
شرک، جھوٹ، فریب، دھوکا دہی، بدمعاملگی و رشوت، قتلِ ناحق،پیدا ہونے سے
پہلے یا پیدا ہونے کے بعد اولاد کا قتل، بہتان تراشی، شراب، جوا، سود، سور
کا گوشت ہی نہیں، حلال گوشت کے علاوہ تمام حرام گوشت، اور اللہ اور اس کے
رسول ﷺکی ہر حرام کی ہوئی چیز منع ہے، اس سے بچنا چاہیے۔ اور اللہ کی پاک
اور حلال بتائی ہوئی چیزوں کو اللہ کا شکر ادا کرتے ہوئے، پورے شوق سے
کھانا چاہیے۔<br />
اپنے مالک کے ذریعے دیا گیا پاک کلام قرآنِ مجید سمجھ کر پڑھنا ہے اور
پاکی اور صفائی کے طریقے اور دینی معاملات سیکھنے ہیں۔ سچے دل سے یہ دعا
کرنی ہے کہ اے ہمارے مالک! ہم کو، ہمارے دوستوںکو، خان دان کے لوگوں اور
رشتے داروں کو اور اس روئے زمین پر بسنے والی پوری انسانیت کو ایمان کے
ساتھ زندہ رکھ اور ایمان کے ساتھ انہیں موت دے، اس لیے کہ ایمان ہی انسانی
سماج کا پہلا اور آخری سہارا ہے۔ جس طرح اللہ کے ایک پیغمبر ابراہیم علیہ
السلام جلتی ہوئی آگ میں اپنے ایمان کی بدولت کود گئے تھے اور ان کا بال
بیکا نہیں ہوا تھا، آج بھی اس ایمان کی طاقت آگ کو گل و گل زار بناسکتی ہے
اور سچے راستے کی ہر رکاوٹ کو ختم کرسکتی ہے <br />
آج بھی ہو جو براہیم کا ایماں پیدا<br />
آگ کرسکتی ہے اندازِ گلستاں پیدا</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Peace be upon you.<br /><br /><span style="color: red;">For further Inquiries, Please Contact:<br /><br />Muhammad Kaleem Siddiqui,<br /><br />Phulat, Muzaffarnagar,<br /><br />U.P., India.</span></b></span></div>
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<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<a href="http://true-islams.blogspot.in/2013/07/blog-post_8042.html"> உங்கள உடமை இதோ உங்களூக்கே ! </a>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent">ACCEPT ISLAM </span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent">HERE LIES YOUR TREASURE</span></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent"><a href="http://dc194.2shared.com/download/xdjBn-II/Barani.ttf?tsid=20131024-185858-322f8c30" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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/></span></a><br />
<a href="http://dc194.2shared.com/download/xdjBn-II/Barani.ttf?tsid=20131024-185858-322f8c30" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent"></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent"><a href="http://dc194.2shared.com/download/xdjBn-II/Barani.ttf?tsid=20131024-185858-322f8c30" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">READ IN TAMIL DOWNLOAD BARANI TAMIL FONT</a> </span></span></b> </span></span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent">உங்கள் உ</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent">டை</span></span></b>மை </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent">இதோ உ</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="userContent">ங்களூக்கே !</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiwkiw
“F® M‹” cy»‰F jdJ r¤âa¤ij vL¤Jiu¥gj‰F ïw¡f¥g£lJ. âUkiw F® M‹ mªj ïiwtÅ‹ r¤âa
ntj« v‹gâš c§fS¡F IaÄUªjhš mJ ngh‹w X® m¤âaha¤ijnaD« bjhF¤J¡ fh£L§fŸ....!</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“Ú§fŸ
c©ikahs®fshdhš ïj‰fhf ïiw tid¤ jÉu mid¤Jyf¤jt®fisí«, cjÉ¡fhf miH¤J¡ bfhŸS§fŸ”
(2:23) v‹W rthš É£LŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">MÆu¤J
eh}W M©Lfshf ï‹W tiu cy»YŸs kÅj®fŸ, m¿Éaš fÂÅfŸ tiuÆyhd MŒîfŸ brŒJ fis¤JÉ£ld®.
nrh®ªJ jiy FŪJ É£ldnu jÉu, ïJ ïiwntjkšy v‹W ahU« Ã%ã¡f KoaÉšiy. ïªj gÇR¤j
ntj¤âš mšyhà ekJ m¿î¡F miuTtš ÉL¤J Mjhu§fis tH§»íŸsh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">X®
cjhuz«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“mšyhàit¤
jÉu thd« óÄÆš mndf flîŸfŸ (vrkhd®fŸ) ïUªâUªjhš bgU«FH¥g§fŸ ÉisªâU¡F«.” (21 :
22)</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ikjh‹
x‹W¡F nkš gy flîŸfŸ ïUªjhš X® flîŸ “ï¥nghJ ïuî tU«” v‹W Tw, k‰bwhU flîŸ, “ïšiy
gfš tu£L«!” v‹W Tw r©iljh‹ V‰gL«. X® fl MW khj« gfš nt©L«” v‹W Tw mL¤j flîŸ,
“_‹W khj« gfš ïU¡f£L«” v‹g®. xU flîŸ “NÇa‹ »H¡»ÈUªJ câ¡f£L«” v‹whš, ntW flîŸ
“ïšiy nk‰»ÈUªJ câ¡f£L«” v‹gh®.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">njt®,
njÉfË‹ ïªj cÇik c©ikahdjhf ïUªâU¥ã‹ mt®fŸ mšyhàÉ‹ gÂfËš g§F bgWgt®fshf
ïUªâU¥ã‹, xU g¡j‹ ói#, m®¢ridfŸ brŒJ, kiy njt®fËl«, j§fË‹ nfhÇ¡ifia V‰f it¡F«
Ãiyik v¥nghjhtJ ÃfœªâU¡f nt©L«. ãwF bgÇa flîŸ “ï¥nghJ kiH bgŒahJ” vd Miz¥
ãw¥ã¥gh®. clnd ÑGŸs t®fŸ nghuh£l« el¤Jth®fŸ. gfš ÉoaÉšiyna v‹W k¡fŸ c£fh®ªJ¡
bfh©oU¥gh®fŸ. ãwFkjh‹ NÇa njt® nghuh£l« m¿É¤JŸsh® v‹gJ bjÇatU«.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">r¤âa
rh£á</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ik
ahbjÅš, cy»‹ x›bthU bghUS« rh£áaˤJ¡ bfh©LŸs. ïªj Óuhd KiwÆš ïa§» bfh©oU¡F«
ãugŠr¤â‹ mik¥ò, ï¥ãugŠr¤â‹ mâgâ jŤjt‹ xUtnd. “mt‹ vJ nt©LkhdhY«, v¥nghJ nt©LkhdhY«
brŒa tšyt‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mtid
f‰gidfËš, v©z§fËš f£L¥gL¤j KoahJ. mtD¡F cUt«, njh‰w« f‰ã¡f KoahJ v‹W rh£áa«
t»¤J bfh©LŸsJ. mªj v#kh‹ m»y§fŸ mid¤ijí«, kÅj®fË‹ nrit¡fhfnt gil¤JŸsh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">NÇa‹
- kÅjD¡F nrtf‹, fh‰W - kÅjD¡F CÊa‹. ïªj óÄí« kÅjD¡F g brŒtj‰nf MF«. cÆUŸsití«,
cÆu‰wití« všyhnk kÅj CÊa¤â‰F v‹nw gil¡f¥g£LŸsd.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kÅj‹
ïªj všyht‰¿‹ jiytdhf M¡f¥g£LŸsh‹. mšyhà kÅjid btW« jdJ moikahf, j‹id tz§fî«,
jd¡F f£L¥glînk gil¤JŸsh‹. Úâ v‹d bt‹whš, gil¤jt‹ - thœ tË¥gt‹ - kuzkË¥gt‹ czî,
Ú® bfhL¥gt‹, thœÉ‹ x›bthU njitfisí« V‰ghL brŒgt‹ xUt‹ ïU¡»wh‹ vÅš, jdJ mªj
vrkhdÅ‹ âU¥â¡fhf mtD¡D¡ f£L¥g£L, jdJ thœî ï‹D« thœî r«gªj¥g£l mid¤J Éõa§fisí«
cgnah»¥gJ jh‹ X® c©ik kÅjÅ‹ flik.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">jdJ
thœit mªj Vf mâgâÆ‹ Miz¡F¡ f£L¥g£L fÊ¡fhj xUt‹ “kÅj‹” v‹W brhšy¥gLtj‰nf
mUfija‰wt‹.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xU
khbgU« r¤âa«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mªj
r¤âa vrkhd‹, jdJ r¤âa ntj« âUkiwÆš ek¡F xU r¤âa¤ij vL¤J¡ T¿íŸsh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“x›bthU
(cÆUŸs) M‹khî«, kuz¤ij Uá¤nj Ôu nt©L«. ãwF Ú§fŸ e«Äl« âU«g tuneÇL«.” (29 : 57)</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›trd¤âš
ïU gFâfŸ cŸsd : KjyhtJ x›bthU cÆUŸsití«, kuz¤ij Uá¡f nt©L«. ïªj fU¤ij všyh
rka¤âdU«, všyh JiwÆdU«, všyh ïl¤jtU«, fhy¤jtU« e«ãíŸsd®. ï‹D« brhšy¥nghdhš
kj¤ij V‰fhjtU« Tl ïªj r¤âa¤â‰F jiy rhŒ¡»‹wd®. ÄUf§fŸ tiuÆY« Tl kuz¤â‹ c©ikia
cz®¤J»‹wd. vÈ, óidia¡ f©L XL»wJ. ehí« Tl ghijÆš tU« VnjD« t©oia¥ gh®¤J Xo
ÉL»wJ. VbdÅš mt‰¿‰F« kuz¤â‹ ÛJ e«ã¡ifí©L.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›trd¤â‹
ïu©lh« gFâÆš, âUkiw xU khbgU« c©ikÆ‹ghš e« ftd¤ij âU¥ò»wJ. mªj c©ik kÅjD¡F¥
òǪJ É£lhš, KG cy»‹ NœÃiyna kh¿ÉL«. “Ú§fŸ kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ v‹Ålnk âU¥g¥gLå®fŸ. ï›îy»š
v¥go braš g£oUªjhY«, mj‰nf‰g ãuâgy‹fŸbgWå®fŸ.” v‹gJjh‹ mªj c©ik.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kuzkilªj
ã‹ Ú§fŸ mG» k©Âš k¡»¥ nghŒ ÉLå®fŸ. ãwF Û©L« vG¥g¥gl kh£O®fŸ v‹gJkšy mšyJ
kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ c§fË‹ cÆ® ntbwhU clÈš òFªJ bfhŸS« v‹gJÄšiy. ï¡f©nzh£l« kÅj m¿É‹
ciu¡fšÈš cuᥠgh®¡f Koahj x‹W.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Kjyhtjhf
ïªj kWãwÉ¡ bfhŸif vªj ntj§fËY« ïl« bgwÉšiy. ã‰fhy kj òuhz§fËš, Tw¥g£LŸsjhf¤
bjÇ»wJ. mj‹ _y« kÅjÅ‹ ïa‰if _y¡TWfËš vGj¥g£LŸs rªjâfË‹ g©òfŸ,jªijÆlÄUªJ kfD¡F«,
kfÅlÄUªJ mtdJ kfD¡F« kh¿ kh¿ tU»wJ v‹gJjh‹ És§F»wJ.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Mdhš
ï¡f©nzh£l¤â‹ _y« rh¤jh‹, kj¤â‹ bgauhš k¡fis nkš #hâ, Ñœ #hâ v‹w ãÇÉidia
V‰gL¤jyhdh‹. kj¤â‹ bgauhš, N¤âu®fËl« ntiy th§fî«, mt®fis k£lkhf¡ fUjî« brŒí«
kj¡ F¤jifjhu®fËl«, r_f¤â‹ xL¡f¥g£lrhuh® “v«ik¥ gil¤j ïiwt‹ všyh kÅj®fS¡F« f©,
fhJ, _¡F vd všyht‰iwí« rÇ rkkhf¥ gil¤JŸsnghJ, Ú§fŸ c§fis ca® #hâahfî« v§fis Ñœ
#hâahfî« v¥go M¡»Ü®fŸ?” v‹W Édh bjhL¤j nghJ mt®fŸ kWãw¡ bfhŸifia rh¡fhf¡ fh£o
c§fË‹ Kªija thœÉ‹ brašfŸ c§fis Ñœ¤jukhf M¡»É£lJ v‹W T¿dh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïªj
f©nzh£l¤âš, kÅj cÆ®fŸ mid¤J« Û©L« ãw¡»‹wd. j« brašfS¡nf‰g kW cUt§fshf kh¿
tU»‹wd. Äf nkhrkhd braš òǪjt®fŸ ÄUf§fË‹ cUÉY«, ï‹D« nkhrkhd braš òǪjt®fŸ
jhtu§fË‹ cUÉY«, òFªJ ÉLth®fŸ. e‰brašfŸ òǪjt®fŸ kWãwÉ¢ á¡fÈš ïUªJ nkh£r« milªJ
bfhŸth®fŸ v‹w fU¤J ml§»íŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kWãwÉ¡
bfhŸif¡F vâuhd _‹W Mjhu§fŸ</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïJ
bjhl®ghf Äf¥bgU« Éõa« ahbjÅš, KG cyf m¿P®fŸ, m¿Éaš MŒths®fË‹ Vnfhã¤j T‰W
“ï¥óÄÆš Kj‹ Kjyhf jhtu§fŸ Kis¤jd. ãwF cÆÇd§fŸ njh‹¿d. mj‹ ãwF nfho¡ fz¡fhd M©LfS¡F¥ã‹jh‹
kÅj‹ ãwªjh‹” v‹gjhF«. ï¥nghJ kÅj‹ ï‹D« óÄÆš ãw¡fnt ïšiy vD« nghJ, vªj kÅj cÆU«
ï‹D« vªj Ôa braiyí« brŒaÉšiy vD« nghJ, vªj cÆ®fŸ jhtu§fhfî«, ÄUf§fshfî« kWãwÉ
vL¤jd?</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïu©lhtjhf,
ïªj f©nzh£l¤ij V‰W¡ bfh©lã‹, ïªj óÄÆš cÆÇd§fË‹ v©Â¡if bjhl®ªJ FiwªJ¡ bfh©nl
tªâU¡f nt©L« v‹W«, kWãwÉÆÈUªJ Énkhrd« bg‰W¡ bfh©l cÆ®fS« FiwªJ¡ bfh©nl ïUªjd
v‹W«, V‰W¡ bfhŸsnt©oaâU¡F«. Mdhš, ï›tsî bgÇa ïªj óÄÆš kÅj®fŸ, všyh tif ÄUf§fŸ,
jhtu§fËš bjhl®ªJ ts®¢á V‰g£L¡ bfh©oU¡»wJ v‹gj jh‹ e«K‹ cŸs Ãj®rd c©ik.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">_‹whtjhf
cy»š ãw¥gt®fŸ ï‹D« ïw¥gt®fË‹ v©Â¡ifÆš thd« óÄÆ‹ ɤâahr« fhz¥gL»wJ. ïw¡F«
kÅj®fis x¥ã£L ãw¡F« FHªijfË‹ v©Â¡if v›tsnth TLjyhdJ. áy ntis nfho¡fz¡»š FHªijfŸ
ãw¡»‹wd Mdhš mij x¥ãLifÆš ïw¥gt®fŸ Äf Fiwthfnt cŸsd® v‹gijí« ftd¤âš bfhŸs
nt©L«. áy ntis áy FHªijfis¥ g‰¿ mit jh« K‹ãUªj ïl¤ij¥ g‰¿ milahs« bjǪJ¡
bfhŸ»‹wd. jkJ giHa bga®fisí«, brhšÈ¡ fh£L»‹wd v‹W«, nkY« mit òâa ãwÉ vL¤âU¡»‹wd
v‹gij g‰¿í« ãugy¥gL¤j¥ gL»wJ. Mdhš, ïitbašyh« rh¤jh‹ ngŒfË‹ ntisahF«. mit,
FHªijfË‹ jiyÆš V¿¡ bfh©L ãj‰WtjhF«. nkY« kÅj®fË‹ kh®¡f cz®ití«, ïiw ÉRthr¤ijí«
bfL¡F« tÊahF«.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ik
ahbjÅš kÅj‹ ku¤j¥ã‹ j‹ vrkhdÅl« brš»wh‹. nkY«, ï›îy»š mt‹ v¥go braš g£lhndh
mj‰nf‰g j©lidí« mšyJ ešy ãuâgyidí« bgWth‹. v‹w r¤âa« kuz¤â‰F¥ ã‹ x›bthU kÅjD¡F«
K‹ò« f£lha« ÃfG«.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">brašfS¡nf‰gnt
gy‹ »il¡F«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">e‰braš
òǪjh‹ vÅš, e‹ikÆ‹ tÊÆš br‹wh‹ vÅš, mt‹ Rtd« bršth‹. Rtd¤âš vªj f©fS« f©ouhj
vej fhJ« nf£ouhj, vªj kÅj cŸs¤âY« f‰gid brŒ Koahj Rf§fS«, brhFRfS« m§»U¡F«.</span></b></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Rtd
mU£bfhilfËš Äf¥ bgÇJ RtdtháfŸ jkJ vrkhdid j« f©fshš m§F f©L fË¥gjhF«. mj‰F
<lhd a="" beu="" bg="" bra="" eu="" euf="" eufth="" f="" fhj.="" fhk="" fs="" fyk="" ght="" glth="" il="" j="" jt="" k="" khw="" kuzk="" lid="" lidf="" m="" mt="" nghl="" nghtjhf="" nky="" ntjid="" ntw="" rd="" span="" th="" thnw="" tuhj="" v="" vrkhd="" vrkhdd=""></lhd></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiwtD¡F
ïizit¤jš Äf¥ bgÇa ght«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mªj
r¤âa ïiwt‹ j‹ âUkiw F®MÅš, e‰fhÇa§fŸ á¿aJ«, bgÇaJ« cŸsd v‹W«, m›thnw mtÅl«
ght§fŸ, Ôa¢brašfŸ v‹gJ« á¿aJ«, bgÇaJkhf cŸsd v‹W« T¿íŸsh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">e«ik
Äf¥ bgU« j©lid¡F Msh¡F« F‰w«, mij ïiwt‹ xU nghJ« k‹Å¥gâšiy. mij brŒjt‹ v‹W« eu»š
vÇa¥gLth‹, mtD¡F kuzK« m§F ÃfHhJ. mJjh‹, jdJ Vf tšytdh« vrkhdD¡F miz f‰ã¤jyhF«.
nkY« mtid¤ jÉu, ahÇ‹ K‹ jiy tz§FtJ«, ahU¡F K‹ j‹ fu§fis¡ T¥òtJ« mtid¤ jÉu ntW
ahiuí« tz§f - óÍ¡f jFâahdjhf¡ fUJtJ«, ku¡f¢ brŒgt‹, cÆ® bfhL¥gt‹, cztË¥gt‹,
ïyhg« - eZl« ÉisÉ¥gt‹ v‹W ahiuí« e«òtJ«, Äf¥bgU« ghtK«, všiya‰w mÚâíkhF«.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">m¥go
vªj njt® njÉia Ãid¤jhY« rÇ, NÇa‹,rªâu‹ e£r¤âu§fŸ mšyJ vªj JwÉ, kfh‹, rhJit
Ãid¤jhY« rÇ, mªj r¤âa vrkhid¤ jÉu ntW ahiuí«, tz¡f¤â‰FÇatdhf¡ fUJjš ïiz
it¤jyhF«. mij mªj vrkh‹ xU nghJ« k‹Å¡f kh£lh‹. ïij¤ jÉu ntWvšyh ght§fisí«, mt‹
ehodhš k‹Å¡fyh«. mªj ght§fis ekJ m¿í«, mªj msî bfLâahfnt fUJ»wJ. m¢braiy ekJ
kdK« m›tsthf ÉU«òtâšiy.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">X®
cjhuz«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">cjhuzkhf
xUtÇ‹ kidÉ bgU« r©il¡fhÇ ng¢R¡F¥ ng¢R â£o VRgtŸ, brhštJ vijí« nf£fhjtŸ. vÅD«
mt‹, mtid å£il É£L btËna nghŒ Él¢ brh‹dhš, eh‹ c‹Dilatshf ïU¡»nw‹. ïÅí«,
c‹Dilatshfnt ïU¥ng‹. c‹ thr‰goÆnyna br¤J kont‹. f© ïik¡F« neuK«, å£ilÉ£L btËna
bršy kh£nl‹ v‹W mtŸ T¿dhš, fzt‹ v›tsîjh‹ nfhgK‰¿Uª jhY«, mtis¤ j¡f it¤J¡ bfhŸs
îgªjkh» ÉLth‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïj‰F
khwhf xUtÇ‹ kidÉ ešy gÂÉil brŒgtŸ Miz¡F mo gÂgtŸ, mtŸ vªneuK« mtid ftŤJ¡
bfhŸ»wtŸ. fzt‹ eLÃáÆš å£owF tªjhY«, mtD¡fhf fh¤âU¡»whŸ. mtD¡fhf Nlhf czî
gÇkhW»whŸ. ghr, ner th®¤ij ngR»whŸ. Mdhš xU ehŸ mtŸ, fztÅl« “Ú§fŸ v‹ thœ¡if¤
Jizt® vÅD« vd¡F c§fshš k£L« fhÇa« el¥gâšiy. vdnt ï‹W Kjš g¡f¤J å£L¡fhuiuí« v‹
fztdhf M¡»¡ bfhŸ»nw‹” v‹W T¿dhš.?</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mªj
fztÅl« á¿njD« nuhõ« ïU¥ã‹, ïij xU nghJ« jh§»¡ bfhŸskh£lh‹. x‹W j‹ kidÉÆ‹ cÆiu¥
g¿¥gh‹ mšyJ jhnd br¤J ÉLth‹. ïJ V‹? VbdÅš vªj xU fztD«, fzt‹ v‹w ßâÆš jdJ
jÅ¥g£l flikfËš ahiuí« g§fhËahf¥ gh®¡f ÉU«fkh£lh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xU
JË ïªâÇa¤âš gil¡f¥g£l kÅj‹ xU g§fhË ïU¥gij K‰¿Y« ÉU«òtâšiy vÅš, ïªj
mR¤j¤JËÆÈUªJ kÅjid gil¤j vrkh‹ ïªj KG cy»Y« ahU¡F vJbtšyh« »il¤JŸsnjh mJ mt‹
tH§»aJjhnd! ï¥go ïU¡f jd¡F xU g§fhË ïU¥gij (mtDl‹ ntW ahiuí« tz§f¥gLtij) mt‹
v¥go V‰W¡bfhŸth‹?</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xU
ntá¥bg© j‹ khd«, kÇahijia ɉW, tUgt®fŸ všnyhU¡F« j‹ ÛJ mâfhu« mˤJ ÉL›j‹
fhuzkhf, mtŸ e« gh®itÆš v¥go ÑHhdtsh» ÉL»whnsh, ïnj ngh‹W jh‹, j‹ mrš vrkhid
É£L É£L ntW ahiuí« tz§Ftâš yƤJ¥ nghŒ ÉLgt‹ j‹ vrkhÅ‹ gh®itÆš ïtis Élî« Äf
nftykhdtdhf, m‰gtdhf M»tL»‹wh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">âUkiw
F®MÅš áiy tz¡f« g‰¿</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">âUkiwÆš
áiy tz¡f« òÇtJ g‰¿ x® cjhuz« Tw¥g£LŸsJ. Äfî« áªâ¡f¤j¡fJ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“mšyhàit
É£LÉ£L Ú§fŸ tz§F« bjŒt§fŸ mid¤J« x‹W nr®ªJ xnu xU <ia 73="" :="" bghu="" bghuis="" bgw="" bj="" br="" d="" f="" ftdkhth="" g="" ghf="" ghu="" gil="" gj="" go="" gy="" ia="" if="" ik="" it="" iw="" iy.="" j="" jifa="" k="" koahj.="" koahj="" l="" m="" mitf="" mj="" mt="" nfhihf="" nkh="" nky="" nt="" o="" span="" t="" tl="" u="" urhj="" v="" vijnad="" vl="" yh="" ytd=""></ia></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">v‹d
X® mUikahd cjhuz«! gil¥gtndh mšyhà xUt‹ k£L« jh‹. e« iffshš cUth¡f¥g£l áiyfis
eh« jh‹ gil¤njh«. eh« mt‰iw tz§FtJ v›tsî bgÇa m¿åd«!</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">X®
m‰gkhd áªjid</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">áy®
TWtJ nghy, eh« mªj áiyfis tz§F tJ, “mt®fŸ jh‹ ek¡F vrkhÅ‹ ghijia¡ fh£o dh®fŸ.
mitfË‹ bghU£odhš jh‹eh« vrkhÅ‹ mU£bfhilfis¥ bg‰nwh«. v‹gj‰fhf¤jh‹ v‹»wh®fŸ.
Mdhš ï¡T‰W v¤jifaJ vÅš xUt‹ Rik ö¡FgtÅl« ïuÆš t©oia¥ g‰¿ Égu« nf£lh‹. ït‹ mJ
g‰¿ Égu« T¿aã‹ ïuÆš t©oÆš VWtj‰F gâš, ïuÆš t©o g‰¿ Égu« T¿dh® v‹gj‰fhf, Rik
ö¡Fgt‹ Ûnj V¿¡ bfh©lJ ngh‹wjhF«.”</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›thnw,
mšyhà g‰¿a rÇahd ghijÆ‹ âiria fh£oat®fisna tz§f K‰gLtJ, ïuÆš t©oia É£LÉ£L, Rik
ö¡Fgt®fË‹ ÛJ rthÇ brŒtjhF«. áynuh, “eh« btW« kdij X®ik¥ gL¤jî«, áªjidia
ika¥gL¤jînk, ïªj áiyfis it¤J¡ bfhŸ»nwh«.!” v‹W TW»wh®fŸ. ïJ v¥goba‹whš bg‰w
jªijaÇ‹ Ãidit Ãiy¥ gL¤j K‹dhš ehia it¤J¡ bfh©L ehiana c‰W neh¡»¡ bfh©oU¥gJ ngh‹wjhF«.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">jªijÆ‹
kâ¥ò v§nf? mj‰F K‹ ehÆ‹ Ãiy v§nf? ïªj gyådkhd áiy v§nf? všiya‰w tšyik gil¤jtD«,
m‹ghsD«, mUshsD«, fUizahsDkh»a mªj vrkhÅ‹ ca® mªj°J v§nf? ïjdhš kd X®ik
ÃiybgWkh? mšyJ Ãiy Fiyíkh? áªâ¤J ghU§fŸ.!</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Mf,
v›Éj¤âY« ahiuí« mtD¡F ïiz it¤jš Äf¥ bgU« ghtkhF«. mij ïiwt‹ xU nghJ« k‹Å¥gâšiy.
ï¤jifat‹ v‹iw¡F« eu»‹ vÇ bfhŸËahth‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">e‹ikÆš
Äf¢ áwªjJ ïiw ÉRthrnk!</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›thnw
Äf¢ áwªj e‰fhÇa« ïiw ÉRthr« (<kh br="" btw="" cy="" g="" gjhf="" iw="" j="" jdl="" jh="" jtu="" k="" kj="" ku="" ne="" nf="" nk="" span="" thr="" twtj...="" v="" y="" yh="" yht=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiw
ÉRthr« mšyJ ïiw ÉRthá v‹whš, cÇikahsU¡F mtuJ cÇikia kW¥gtiuí« ghœ¥gL¤Jgtiuí«
mÃaha¡fhu‹ vd¥gL«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kÅjÅ‹
ÛJ mtid¥ gil¤jtD¡F¢ brŒí« flikjh‹ Äf¥ bgÇaJ. VbdÅš mt‹ všyh t‰iwí« gil¤jt‹,
gÇghÈ¥gt‹, thœî, kuz« bfhL¡F« vrkhd‹. ïu£rf‹, tz¡f tÊghLfS¡F mt‹ k£Lnk
cǤjhdt‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">vdnt,
mtidna tÊgl nt©L«. mtnd vrkhd‹. yhg«, eZl«, f©Âa«, nfty« jUgt‹ vd e«g nt©L«.
ï‹W »il¤JŸs thœ¡ifia mtdJ bghW¤j« ï‹D« f£L¥gLtJl‹ fÊ¡f¥gl nt©L«. mtidna e«g
nt©L«. mtDilaijna V‰W el¡f nt©L«. ïj‰F¥ bga® jh‹ ïiw ÉRthr« (<kh gl="" span="" vd=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt‹
xUt‹ k£Lnk vrkhd‹ v‹gij V‰fhkš. mtD¡F k£Lnk tÊglhkš, kÅj‹ ïiw ÉRtháahf KoahJ.
khwhf mt‹ ïiw ÉRthrk‰wt‹ vd¥gLth‹. mrš vrkhÅ‹ ÉRthr« flik kwªJ, k‰wt®fŸ K‹
ÉRthr« fh£Ljš v‹gJ, xU bfhŸis¡fhu‹ bgU« bfhŸisao¤J brštªjdh», mj‹ _y« filit¤J
c£fh®ªâU¡ifÆš xU tho¡if ahsÅl«, c§fË‹ xU igrh fz¡F nkš v‹Ål« tªJÉ£lJ. mij th§»¡
bfhŸS§fŸ v‹W ÉRthr« fh£LtJ ngh‹whF«.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›tsî
bgU« bršt« bfhŸisao¤j ã‹ xU igrh fz¡F fh£L« ÉRthr« ngh‹wJ jh‹. j‹ vrkhid É£L
É£L ntW ahiuí« tz§FtJ. ï‹D« brhšy¥ nghdhš, mijÉlî« nfLbf£l ÉRthrkhF«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiw
ÉRthr« v‹gJ, j‹ vrkhid k£L« V‰W mtD¡F k£L« tz¡f« òÇtjhF«. mj‹ _y« thœÉ‹ x›bthU
Édhoí« j‹ vrkhÅ‹ âU¥âíl‹ ï‹D« mtdJ c¤juîfis V‰W el¥gJl‹ fÊ¡f nt©L« v‹gJ
k£L«jh‹. mtdhš tH§f¥g£l thœit mtdJ bghU¤j¤â‰nf‰g fÊ¥gJjh‹ r‹kh®¡f« - Ô‹ -
vd¥gL«. mtdJ f£lisfis V‰W el¡fkÈU¤jš kh®¡fÄ‹ikahF«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">r¤âa
kh®¡f«</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">r¤âa
kh®¡f« Mu«g« Kjš x‹nwjh‹. mj‹ nghjid ahbjÅš, mªj Vf ehaid k£Lnk ïiwtdhf x¥ò¡
bfh©L mtdJ f£lisfis V‰W el¡f nt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">âUkiw
F®MÅš,</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï°yhik¤
jÉu vªj kh®¡f¤ij nk‰bfh©lhY« mij V‰W¡ bfhŸs¥ glkh£lhJ.” (3 : 85) v‹W Tw¥g£LŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kÅj
gyåd« ahbjÅš mtdJ gh®it xU F¿¥ã£l všiy tiuna gh®¡f Koí«. mtdJ brÉ, xU F¿¥ã£l
msitna nf£f Koí«. mtdJ EfU«, Uá¡F«, bjhL« r¡âfS« tiuaW¡f¥g£LŸsd. ïªj I«òy‹fshš
mtdJ m¿î¡F Égu§fŸ »il¡»dwd. ï›thnw m¿É‹ brašghLfS« tiuaiw¡FŸ jh‹ cŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mªj
vrkh‹ v›Éjkhd thœit ÉU«ò»wh‹? mtid v¥go tz§f nt©L«? kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ v‹d ÃfG«? Rtd«
mšyJ eu»‰F ï£L¢ bršY« brašfŸ ahit? ït‰iwbašyh« kÅj m¿î«, kÅjD« jhdhf òǪJ bfhŸs
KoahJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiw¤öj®</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kÅjÅ‹
ïªj gyåd¤â‹ ÛJ ïu¡f¥g£L, mªj vrkh‹ ïiw¤öj gjÉ¡F¥ bghU¤jkhf nj®î brŒj, mªj
kf¤jhd öa kÅj®fŸ ÛJ j‹ thdt®fË‹ _y« j‹ öij ïw¡» it¤jh‹. mt®fŸ kÅjD¡F thœtj‰F«,
tz§Ftj‰FKŸs tÊfis¡ fh£o¡ bfhL¤jh®fŸ. j« Ram¿thš òÇa Koahj thœÉ‹ ajh®¤j§fis
brhšÈ¡ bfhL¤jh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">m¤jifa
khkÅj®fis¤jh‹ eãkh®fŸ (ïiw¤ öj®fŸ) vd¡ TW»nwh«. mt®fŸ ÛJ ïiw¤öJ mtjǤjJ v‹gjhš,
mt®fis mtjhu« v‹W Tl brhšyh«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Mdhš,
ï‹W mtjhu« v‹whš ïiwtnd mšyJ mtuJ toÉš ïiwt‹ ïw§»íŸsh‹ v‹W fUj¥gL»wJ. ïªj
FU£L¤jdkhd e«ã¡if, xU vrkhÅ‹ tz¡f¤âÈUªJ mf‰¿, kÅjid áiy tz§F« rJ¥ò Ãy¤âš á¡f
it¤J É£lJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">k¡fS¡F
r¤âa tÊfh£Ltj‰bfd mšyhà nj®î brŒj ïªj khkÅj®fŸ, x›bthU CU¡F«, gFâ¡F«, fhy¤â‰F«
tªJ bfh©oUªjh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt®fŸ
midtU« X® ïiwtidna e«ãd®. mtD¡F k£Lnk tÊKiwfis (õß m¤ kh®¡f r£l§fis) mt®fŸ
bfh©L tªjh®fŸ mt‰iw¡filão¡fî« T¿dh®fŸ. mt®fËš vªj xU öjU« X® ïiwtid¤ jÉu ntW
ahiuí« tz§f miH¡f Éšiy. khwhf mt®fŸ ïªj ght¤âÈUªJjh‹ k¡fis mâfkhf jL¤jh®fŸ.
mt®fË‹ ng¢ir k¡fŸ e«ãdh®fŸ. nkY« r¤âa ghijÆš ga¡fyhdh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">áiy
tz¡f¤â‹ Mu«g«</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï¤jifa
ïiw¤öj®fŸ midtU«, ï‹D« mt®fis¥ ã‹g‰¿at®fS«, kÅj®fshfnt ïUªjd®. mt®fisí« kuz«
jGÉaJ (kuz« jGthjt‹ ïiwt‹ xUt‹ k£Lnk).</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">eã
- ïiw¤öjÇ‹ kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ mt®fis x¥ò¡ bfh©lt®fS¡F m›t¥nghJ mt®fË‹ Ãidî V‰g£lJ. nkY«
mt®fË‹ Ãidthš Äfî« mGJ bfh©oUªjh®fŸ. rh¤jhʼnF xU ešy rªj®¥g« »il¤JÉ£lJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt‹
kÅjÅ‹ Ôuh¥ gift‹, kÅjid nrhâ¥gj‰fhf mªj vrk‹, ah® j‹id¥gil¤j vrkhdiue«ò»‹wd®?
v‹gij¥ gh®¥gj‰fhf kÅjid tÊbfL¡fî«, Ôa cz®îfis mtdJ kdâš nghlî«, rh¤jhʼnF JÂî
bfhL¤jh‹. rh¤jh‹ kÅj®fËl« tªJ “c§fS¡F c§fË‹ ïiw¤ öj® ÛJ msî flªj m‹òŸsJ.
kuz¤â‰F¥ ã‹ mt® c§fsJ gh®itÆÈUªJ kiwªJ É£lh®. vdnt, mtU¡F xU áiy to¡»nw‹. mij¥
gh®¤J ëkâ bgwyh«” v‹W T¿dh‹. rh¤jh‹ áiy to¤JÉ£lh‹. mt®fË‹ kd« ehL« nghJ KjÈš
mij br‹W gh®¤J tªjh®fŸ. r‹d«, r‹dkhf áiyfË‹ g‰W mt®fË‹ kdâš gâªJ É£lij¡f©l
rh¤jh‹, “Ú§fŸ ïªj áiy¡F K‹ áu« jhœ¤âdhš, ïªj áiy¡FŸ ïiwtid¡ fh©Õ®fŸ.” v‹wh‹,
kÅj kdâš V‰fdnt áiy¥g‰W ïl«ão¤âUªjJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">vdnt,
áiy¡F áu« gÂaî«, mij óÍ¡fî«, Mu«ã¤JÉ£lh‹. mªj kÅj‹ tz§Ftj‰F ïiwt‹ k£Lnk
mUfijíŸstdhf ïU¡f áiyfis óÍ¡fyhdh‹. ïiz it¥ãš á¡» É£lh‹.ïªh KG cy»‹ jiyt‹(kÅj‹)
fš, k©Â‰F K‹ j‹ áu« jhœ¤jyhd nghJ mÊî«, nftyK« milªjh‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">j‹
vrkhÅ‹ gh®itÆÈUªJ 圪J Ãuªjukhf eu»‹ vÇ¡ bfhšÈah» É£lh‹. ïj‹ ã‹ò« mšyhà Û©L«
öj®fis mD¥ãdh‹. mt®fŸ k¡fis áiy tz¡f¤âÈUªJ mšyhàit¤ jÉu cŸs všyht‰iwí«
óÍ¥gâÈUªJ jL¤jh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">áy®
mt®fË‹ ng¢ir V‰W¡ bfh©ld®. áy® khW òǪjd®. x¥ò¡ bfh©lt®fis mšyhà k»œî bfh©lh‹.
mt®fË‹ m¿îiufS¡F khW òǪjt®fis mʤJ xÊ¡f thd¤âÈUªJ Koîfis ïw¡»dh‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiw¤öj®fË‹
ïÅa nghjid</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xUtNj
ã‹ xUtuhf ïiw¤öj®fŸ tªJ¡ bfh©oUªjh®fŸ. mt®fË‹ kh®¡f mo¥gil x‹whfnt ïUªjJ. mt®fŸ
xU kh®¡f¤â‹ ghš miH¥ò bfhL¤Jtªjh®fŸ. mjhtJ, XÇiwtid x¥ò¡ bfhŸS§fŸ! ahiuí«
mtD¡FŸs g©òfËš ïizah¡fhÔ®fŸ. mtdJ tz¡f¤âš ahiuí« g§fË¡fhÔ®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mtdJ
öj®fŸ midtiuí« c©ikahs®fŸ vd e«ò§fŸ. mtdJ thdt®fŸ, mtdJ gÇR¤j gil¥ò, mt®fŸ
c©zî«, gUfî«, cw§fî« kh£lh®fŸ. všyh ntiyfËY« vrkhÅ‹ Miz¡F mogªJ el¥gt®fŸ.
mt®fis c©ikahdt®fŸ vd e«ò§fŸ. mt‹ jdJ thdt®fŸ _ykhf mD¥ãa “të” - ntj m¿É¥ò,
ï‹D« ïw¡»a nthüšfŸ mid¤J« c©ikahdit v‹W e«ò§fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ku¤j¥ã‹
Û©L« xUehŸ cÆ® bg‰W, jh‹ brŒj ešy, bf£l brašfË‹ ãuâgy‹ bgwnt©L«v‹gijí«, nkY«
ïiwÉâÆš cŸs ešyJ, bf£lJ ahî« vrkhÅ‹ òw¤âÈUªJ Koî brŒa¥g£LŸsit v‹gijí« e«ò§fŸ!
nkY« eh‹ ï¥bghFJ bfh©L tªJŸs thœtj‰fhd tÊfŸ õß m¤ r£l§fË‹go elªJ¡ bfhŸS§fŸ v‹W
nghâ¤h®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">cy»š
njh‹¿a ïiw¤öj®fŸ midtU« c©ikahs®fshfnt ïUªjd®. mt®fŸ ÛJ ïw§»a thd ntj§fŸ mid¤J«
bkŒahditna.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mit
všyht‰iwí« eh« e«ò»nwh«. mt® fËilna vªj V‰w¤ jhœití« eh« fh£lkh£nlh«. ïâš
c©ikÆ‹ ciu¡fš ahbuÅš, ahbušyh« X® ïiwtid x¥ò¡ bfhŸs miH¥ò ÉL¤jh®fnsh mt®fË‹
nghjidÆš X® ïiwtid É£L É£L, ntW ahiuínkh mšyJ j‹idnah óÍ¡FkhW brhšYjš ïU¡foahJ.
vdnt vªj kfh òUõ®fËl« áiy tz¡f« mšyJ gy bjŒttÊgh£o‹ nghjid fhz¥gLnkh mt®fŸ x‹W
ïiw¤öj®fshf ïU¡f KoahJ mšyJ mt®fË‹ nghjidfŸ ã‹dhš kh‰w¥g£LÉ£ld. v‹gJjh‹ m®¤j«.
AŸuh¤ KA«kJ ([š) mt®fS¡F K‹ tªj ïiw¤ öj®fŸ midtÇ‹ nghjidfS« kh‰w§fS¡F ïy¡fh»
É£ld. áy ïl§fËš thd ntj§fS« Tl kh‰w¥g£LÉ£ld.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiwªjöj®
AŸu¤ KA«kJ ([š)</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xU
Éiy kâ¥ghd c©ik ahbjÅš cy»š tªj x›bthU ïiw¤öjÇ‹ _yK«, X® ïWâ öjÇ‹ tUif g‰¿ K‹
m¿É¥ò brŒa¥g£LŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">nkY«,
mt®fŸ tªjã‹ ï‹D« mt®fis És§»¡ bfh©lã‹, Kªija kj§fŸ, Kªija r£l§fŸ mid¤ijí« É£L
É£L, mt®fŸ brhštij nf£f nt©L«. mt®fŸ _y« bfh©Ltu¥g£l ntj«, kh®¡f¤â‹ go el¡f
nt©L« v‹W Tw¥g£LŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">K‹
ntj§fËš msî flªj mo¤jš, âU¤jš ïUªJ« mªj vrkh‹ ïWâ öjÇ‹ tUif¥g‰¿ brŒâia kh‰¿¤
âU¤j mDkâ¡f Éšiy. VbdÅš ek¡F vJî« Égu« bjÇaÉšiy v‹W ahU« brhšÈÉl¡Tlhjšyth? ïJî«
ï°yhÄ‹ guk r¤âa¤â‰fhd gykhd MjhukhF«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ntj§fËš
ïj‰F ‘euhêd°’ v‹W«, òuhz§fËš ‘fš» mtjhu«’ v‹W«, igãÈš ‘ghuf䤒 v‹W«, ò¤j
»uªj§fËš ‘ïWâ ò¤j®’ v‹bwšyh« vGj¥g£LŸsJ. mªj kj üšfËš AŸu¤ KA«kJ ([š) mt®fË‹
ãw¥ãl«, ãw¥ò, njâ, neu« ï‹D« mnef òw milahs§fls, mf g©òfŸ g‰¿bašyh« K‹ng
Tw¥g£LŸsd.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">AŸu¤
KA«kJ ([š) mt®fË‹ òÅj thœÉ‹ m¿Kf«</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Rkh®
1400 M©LfS¡F K‹ ».ã.610-š ïWâ eã KA«kJ ([š) mt®fŸ rñâ mnuãahÉ‹ k¡fh efÇš
ãwªjh®fŸ. ãw¡F« áy khj§fS¡F K‹ng mt®fË‹ jªij kuzkilªJ É£lh®fŸ. ãwªjã‹ jhahU«
mâf eh£fs cÆ® thHÉšiy. Kj‹ikahf jh¤jhî«, mt®fË‹ kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ mt®fË‹ bgÇa jªijí«
mt®fis ts®¤jh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">cy»š
všnyhÇY« ɤâahrkhfî«, jŤj‹ikílD«, k¡fh tháfŸ midtÇ‹ f©fS¡F Ä‹D« jhuifahf¤
njh‹¿dh®fŸ. go¥goahf tsu, tsumt®fË‹ ÛJ k¡fË‹ m‹ò«, ghrK« ToÉ£lJ. mt®fis
“c©ikahs®” “ehzaÄ¡ft®” v‹W Twyhdh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">k¡fŸ,
j§fË‹ Éiyca®ªj mkhÅj bghU£ fis¥ ghJfh¥ã‰fhf mt®fËl« bfhL¤J it¤jd®. j§fS¡»ilna
V‰gL« ãz¡FfS¡F mt®fËl« Ô®î bg‰wd®. xU Kiw k¡fhÉš mšyhàÉ‹ òÅj ïšykhf¥ ngh‰w¥gL«
fmgh òJ¥ã¡f¥g£L¡ bfh©oUªjJ. mj‹ XU Rt‰¿‹ _iyÆš xU òÅj fš ïl«bg‰¿UªjJ. f£ol«
òJ¥ã¡ifÆš m¡fšiy mj‹ ïl¤âš it¡f¥gl nt©oa f£l« tªj nghJ, mj‹ òÅj« fhuzkhf k¡fhÉ‹
rfy nfh¤âu¤ jhU«, jiyt®fS« m¥òÅj fšiy it¡F« bgUik jk¡nf »il¡f nt©L« v‹W ÉU«ãd®.
ngh£lh, ngh£oÆš th£fŸ cUt¥g£ld.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">m¥nghJjh‹
xU ÉntfKŸs kÅj®, “ehis fhiyÆš Kj‹ikahf fmgh ïšy¤â‰F tUgt® brŒí« Koî go elªJ¡ bfhŸsyh«”
v‹w Ô®khd« T¿dh®. ïidtU« V‰W¡ bfh©ld®.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kWehŸ
fhiyÆš tªj Kjš kÅj® KA«kJ ([š) mt®fŸ jh«. všnyhU« xnu FuÈš MAh! e«Äilna Äf
“c©ikahs®”, “ehzaÄ¡ft®” tªJ É£lh®! mtuJ Koit eh« midtU« KGkdJl‹ V‰ngh«! v‹wd®.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">rknahájkhf
KA«kJ ([š) mt®fŸ, xU ngh®itia ÉǤJ, mâš fšiy it¤J rfy nfh¤âu¤jhÇ‹ jiyt®fisí«,
ngh®itfË‹ Xu§fis¥ ão¤J¤ ö¡f it¤jh®fŸ. Rt‰¿‰F mU»š bfh©L tªjJ«, mt®fns j§fË‹
fu§fshš m¡fšiy vL¤J cÇa ïl¤âš bghW¤âdh®fŸ. ïj‹ _y«, _©L Él ïUªj ngh® KotilªJ
É£lJ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›thnw
kffŸ j§fË‹ ntiyfŸ mid¤âY« KA«kJ ([š) mt®fis K‹ it¥gh®fŸ. mt®fŸ gaz« òw¥g£lhš
k¡fŸ ëkâ ïHªJ ÉLth®fŸ. gaz« Ko¤J âU«ãdhš mt®fis rªâ¤J nj«ã¤ nj«ã mGth®fŸ.
mªneu« ïiw ïšy« f mghÉš 360 áiyfŸ ïUªj‹. njt®fŸ, njÉfË‹ áiyfŸ it¡f¥g£oUªjd. muò
njr« KGtJ«, t«r - ïd - Fy - V‰w¤ jhœî, Ô©lhik bg© bfhLik, kJ, t£o, t«ò r©il,
Ég¢rhu« ngh‹w všyh ght gÊ brašfS« jiyÉǤJ jh©ltkhod.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">KA«kJ
([š) mt®fŸ jkJ eh‰gjh« taij milªj nghJ, mšyhà jdJ thdt® _y« âUKiw ntj« âU¡F®
Mid ïw¡f Mu«ã¤jh‹. mt®fis ïiw¤öjuhf¤ nj®î brŒj e‰brŒâia m¿É¤jh‹. nkY« k¡fis
Vf¤Jt¤â‹ ghš miH¡F« bghW¥ig x¥gil¤jh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ikÆ‹
Fuš</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt®fŸ
k¡fhÉš xU kiy¡ F‹¿‹ nkš V¿ xU Fuš bfhL¤jh®fŸ. m¡Fuš nf£L k¡fŸ midtU«, ïJ X®
c©ikahs®, ehzaÄ¡ftÇ‹ Fuš v‹gj‰fhf, x‹W âu©L É£lh®fŸ. “ïªj kiyÆ‹ ã‹òw¤âÈUªJ xU
bgU« gil tªJ¡ bfh©oU¡»wJ. nkY« mJ c§fis jh¡fÉU¡»wJ v‹W eh‹ brh‹dhš Ú§fŸ
e«òå®fŸ?” v‹W k¡fËl« nf£lh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mj‰F
midtU« xU Fuyhf “j§fË‹ T‰iw ah® e«ghkÈU¥gh®fŸ? jh§fŸ xU nghJ« bghŒíiu¤jâšiy!
nkY« kiy c¢áÆš ïUªJ bfh©L kW g¡f¤ij Ú§fŸ gh®¤J¡ bfh©oU¡ »Ö®fŸ!” v‹wh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mj‹
ã‹ mt®fŸ k¡fis r¤âa ï°yhÄ‹ ghš miH¤jh®fŸ. áiy tz¡f¤ij É£LÉLkhW T¿dh®fŸ. kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹
euf brU¥ig¥ g‰¿ v¢rǤjh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kÅjÅ‹
xU gyåd«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">v‹djh‹
m¿î«, MjhuK« kW¤jhY«, jh‹ kâ¡F« ngh‰W« kfh‹fË‹ jtwhd T‰Wfis¡ Tl f©iz _o¡bfh©L
e«ãÉL« xU “gyPTd«” kÅjÅš ïašghf c©L. vÅD« kÅj‹ jdJ _jhija®fË‹ tÊKiwfË‹ ÛJ
cWâíl‹ Ãiy¤âU¥gh‹. mj‰F khwhf brašgLtJ v‹d? mij¥ g‰¿ vijí« nf£fî« ïirakh£lh‹.</span></b></span></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">jilfS«,
nrhjidfS«</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïj‹
fhuzkhf¤jh‹, eh‰gjh©Lfshf, j§fis kâ¤J tªJ«, bkŒa® v‹W« m¿ªJ« V‰W« Tl, k¡fhtháfŸ
mt®fË‹ nghjidfS¡F vâÇah» É£lh®fŸ. mt®fŸ v›tsî mâf« k¡fis r¤âa¤â‹ghš
miH¤jh®fnsh, k¡fŸ mªjsî Énuhj« bfh©lh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">áy®
ï°yh¤ij¤ jGÉa ïiw ÉRtháfis¤ J‹òW¤âdh®fŸ, mo¤jh®fŸ, ÔÆš gL¡f it¤jh®fŸ, fG¤âš
fƉiw¥ ngh£L jiuÆš ïG¤jh®fŸ. fš v¿ªjh®fŸ, vÅD« mt®fnsh, všnyhU¡F« mšyhàÉl« ešy
ãuh®¤jid òǪjh®fŸ. ahiuí« gÊth§fÉšiy.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïubtšyh«
j‹ vrkhÅl« mt®fË‹ ne®tÊ¡ fhf kdKU» mGJ ãuh®â¤J¡ bfh©oUªjh®fŸ. xU jlit k¡fhtháfŸ
g‰¿ e«ã¡ifÆHªJ “jhÆ~¥” v‹w CU¡F¢ br‹wh®fŸ. m§FŸst®fŸ ï«khkÅjiu mtkâ¤jh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt®fË‹
ÛJ ïs« t£l nr£il¡fhu®fis¤ ö©oÉ£lh®fŸ. mt®fŸ, ït®fis¤ â£o Vádh®fŸ, f‰fŸ åá
Éu£odh®fŸ. mjdhš mt®fË‹ mo¡fhšfËš ïu¤j« XlyhƉW. ntjid jh§f Koahkš, mt®fŸ
v§fhtJ r‰W mk®ªJ É£lhš mªj ïsRfŸ mt®fis c£fhuÉlkš Û©L« vH it¤J kWgoí«, f‰fshš
mo¥gh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïnj
ÃiyÆš mt®fŸ m›ñÇÈUªJ btËna¿ XÇl¤âš mk®ªjh®fŸ. m›ñ®tháfŸ ÛJ mt®fŸ rhgÄlÉšiy.
khwhf j‹ vrkhÅl« “v‹ ïu£rfh! mt®fŸ x‹W« m¿ahjt®fŸ. vdnt mt®fS¡F És¡f« bfhL!”
v‹Wjh‹ cU¡fkhf ãuh®¤â¤ jh®fŸ. mt®fŸ ïªj gÇR¤j ntj« ï‹D« ïiw¤ öij v¤â it¥gj‰fhf
mt®fË‹ ãÇa C® k¡fhit, ãwªj k©iz¡Tl Él nt©oa Ãiy V‰g£lJ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ãwF
mt®fŸ kÔdh khef® br‹W É£lh®fŸ. m§F« k¡fh tháfŸ gilfis Ma¤j« brŒJ bfh©LnghŒ
mo¡fo mt®fSl‹ nghÇlyhdh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ik¡F
»il¤j bt‰¿</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ik¡F
v‹W«, v§F« bt‰¿íŸsJ. mj‹ go ï§F« v‰g£lJ. 23 M©L fhy fL« áuk¤â‰F¥ã‹ mt®fŸ všyh
Éj¤âY« bt‰¿ bg‰wh®fŸ. r¤âa tÊÆ‹ rh®ghf tH§»a j§fË‹ khR, kUt‰w miH¥ò, muò ehL
KGtijí« ï°yhÄ‹, ïÅa ÃHÈš bfh©L tªJ ÃW¤âÉ£lJ. KG cy»Y« xU òu£ána V‰g£lJ. áiy
tz¡f« jilg£lJ. t«r V‰w¤ jhœî ïšyhkš M»É£lJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">všnyhU«
Vf mšyhàit V‰W mtidna tz§Fgt®fsh» É£ld®.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïWâ
m¿îiu</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt®fË‹
kuz¤â‰F¢ áy khj§fŸ K‹ò jh‹, 11/4y£r« K°È«fSl‹ mt®fŸ A{é¥ gaz« nk‰ bfh©lh®fŸ.
všnyhU¡F« mt®fŸ ïWâ m¿îiu tH§»dh®fŸ. mâš ã‹tU« Éõa§fS« T¿dh®fŸ... “k¡fns!
kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ brašfŸ g‰¿ c§fËl« Érhuid brŒa¥gL« nghJ, v‹id¥ g‰¿í«, eh‹ mšyhàÉ‹
kh®¡f¤ij r¤âa öij k¡fŸ tiu rÇahf vL¤Jit¤J É£nldh? v‹W ÉrhÇ¡f¥gLnk?” clnd
ï°yhÄa®fŸ midtU« xnu Fuyhf... “r¤âakhf Ú§fŸ vL¤Jit¤J É£O®fŸ” v‹wh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
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<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">clnd
KA«kJ ([š) mt®fŸ thd¤ij neh¡» M£fh£oÉuiy ca®¤â “mšyhànt! Úna rh£áahf ïU!” v‹W
T¿É£L k¡fËl«, “ïªj r¤âa kh®¡f¤ij milªjt®fŸ, ïjid milahjt®fŸ tiu bfh©L nr®¡f
nt©L«” v‹wh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">nkY«
“eh‹ ïWâ öjuhnt‹, ïÅ vd¡F¥ã‹ vªj öjU« tukh£lh®. eh‹ jh‹ Ú§fŸ v⮥ gh®¤J¡
bfh©oU¡F« mªj ïWâ eã “euhêd°” “fš» mtjhukhnt‹”. mtiu¥ g‰¿ Ú§fŸ všyh« m¿ªJŸç®fŸ
v‹wh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">âUkiwÆš,</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ntj«
bfhL¡f¥g£lt®fŸ mªj öjiu (KA«kJ ([š) mt®fis) jh« bg‰bwL¤j k¡fis m¿ªâU¥gJ ngh‹W
(xËî kiwÉ‹¿) Ú§fŸ m¿ªJŸç®fŸ. M« IaÄ‹¿ mt®fËš xU rhuh® r¤âa¤ij _o kiw¡»‹wd®.”
v‹WŸsJ. (2:146)</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">x›bthU
kÅjÅ‹ bghW¥ò</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï¥nghJ
kWik ehŸ tU« tiuíŸs kÅj®fŸ x›bthUtÇ‹ bghW¥ò, mtdJ kj ßâahd ï‹D« kÅjhãkhd
bghW¥ò, mtdJ kj ßâahd ï‹D« kÅjhãkhd flikahbjÅš, mt‹ mªj Vf ïiwtid tz§f nt©L«.
mtDl‹ ntW ahiuí« ïiz it¡f¡ TlhJ. mtDila ïWâ¤öj® KA«kJ eã ([š) mt®fis c©ikahsuhf
e«ã mt®fŸ bfh©L tªj kh®¡f«, thœÉaš tÊKiw fis¡ filão¤J el¡f nt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï°yhÄš
ïij¤jh‹ (<kh a="" eu="" gl="" iw="" jukhf="" kuz="" kuzkil="" lh="" m="" mj="" ne="" nf="" span="" thr="" tuhj="" u="" v="" vd=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xU
áy nfŸÉfŸ</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï§nf
c§fË‹ kdâš áy nfŸÉfŸ vHyh«! kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ Rtd«, euf« brštJ f©Q¡F bjÇaÉšiyna, ïij
v¥go e«òtJ? v‹gJ nfŸÉ...</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïJ
bjhl®ghf, ï›tsî És§»¡ bfhŸtJ bghU¤jkhf ïU¡F«. mjhtJ všyh K‹ ntj ü‰fËš Rtd«,
euf« g‰¿a f©nzh£l« všyh kj§fËY« V‰W¡ bfhŸs¥g£l x‹W vd¤ bjÇ»wJ. mij X® cjhuz¤â‹
_yK« És¡f Koí«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xU
áR, jhÆ‹ fUÉš ïU¡F« nghJ, mjÅl« Ú btËÆš tªjhš ghš Fo¥ghŒ! mGthŒ! btËÆš
vuhskhdt‰iw¥ gh®¥ghŒ! v‹W ahuhtJ T¿dhš fUtiw¡ FHªij¡F mij e«g KoahJ. vÅD«
fUtiwÆÈUªJ btËtªj clndna ïJbtšyh« mj‹ K‹ fhz¥gL«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›thnw
cyf« KGtJ« xU fUtiwÆ‹ Ãiy ngh‹wJ. kuz¤â‰F¥ã‹ (炙UªJ) btËna¿ kÅj‹ kWikÆš
f©âwªjhš ïijbašyh« j‹ K‹ fh©gh‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">m§FŸs
Rtd«, euf« ï‹D« ïju ajh®¤j§fŸ g‰¿a Égu§fis, guk vâÇ Tl bghŒah v‹W Tw Koahj xU
bkŒa®, ïiw¤öj® ek¡F T¿íŸsh®. nkY« F® M‹ngh‹w ïiwntjK«, mt‰iw ek¡F m¿É¤JŸsJ. F®
MÅ‹ r¤âa¤ j‹ikia ekJ mªÃa®fŸ Tl kd« âwªJ x¥ò¡ bfh©LŸsd®.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïu©lh«
nfŸÉ</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c§fË‹
kdâš cW¤jiy V‰gL¤J« k‰bwhU Éõa« všyh ïiw¤öj®fS«, kj§fS« ï‹D« kj ntj§fS« c©ikahf
ïUªjd vÅš, ãwF ï°yhik V‰f nt©lh« v‹w mtáa« v‹d?</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï‹iwa
cy»š ïj‰FÇa gâš K‰¿Y« ïyFthdJ. ekJ eh£o‰F xU ghuhSk‹w« cŸsJ. ïJtiu gjÉ t»¤j
ghuj ãujk®fŸ midtU« c©ikÆš ãujk®fns!</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">g©o£
#tA®yhš neU, rh°âÇé, ïªâuh fhªâ, ru©á§, uhé› fhªâ, É.ã.᧠ngh‹wt®fŸ eh£o‹
njit¡nf‰g fhy¤â‹ mtáa¤â‰nf‰g mt®fŸ Ô®khŤj r£l§fS«, âU¤j§fbsšyh«, ghuj eh£o‹
r£l§fshf ïUªjd vÅD« j‰nghija ãujk® jdJ nfãbd£ ï‹D« muR _y« bfh©L tU« âU¤j§fË‹
_y« Kªija r£l« ïšyhkš M»ÉL»wJ. ïªâa¡ Fokf‹ x›bthUtÇ‹ ÛJ« ïªj âU¤j¥g£l òâa
r£l¤ij V‰gJ mtáakhF«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">X®
ïªâa¡Fokf‹ - âUkâ ïªâuhfhªâ jh‹ mrš ãujkuhf ïUªjh®. mtuJ r£l¤ij k£Lnk eh‹
V‰ng‹. ïªj òâa ãujkÇ‹ âU¤j¥g£l r£l¤ij eh‹ V‰f kh£nl‹. mj‹ _y« Éâ¡f¥gL« tÇia eh‹
brY¤j kh£nl‹ v‹W T¿dhš ï¤jifa kÅjid “njrÉnuhâ” v‹W x›bthUtU« brhšt®. mt®
j©o¡f¥gl nt©oat® v‹g®.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï›thnw
všyh kj§fS«, kjntj§fS«, j¤jkJ fhy¤âš tªjd. všyhnk r¤âa¤â‹ nghjidfis tH§»¡
bfh©oUªjd. vdnt ï¥nghJ všyh ïiw¤ öj®fisí« kj ntj§fisí« c©ikahdit v‹W
V‰W¡bfhŸtJl‹ ïWâ ïiw¤öj® KA«kJ ([š) mt®fis e«òtJ« mt®fË‹ kh®¡f r£l§fË‹go
brašgLtJnk x›bthU kÅjD¡F« mtáa«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">r¤âa
kh®¡f« x‹nw c‹Wjh‹</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kj§fŸ
všyhnk ïiwtÅ‹ghš ï£L¢ brš »‹wd. Mdhš ghijfŸ jh‹ bt›ntW. br‹wilí« ïl« x‹W jh‹
v‹W brhštJ v›Éj¤âY« bghUªjhJ. VbdÅš c©ik x‹Wjh‹ ïU¡f Koí«. bghŒfŸ gy ïU¡fyh«.
xË x‹Wjh‹ ïU¡F«, ïUŸfŸ Vuhskhf ïU¡fyh«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">r¤âa
kh®¡f« x‹nw x‹Wjh‹. mJ Mu«g« Kjny x‹nw x‹Wjh‹. vdnt mªj xUtid k£Lnk e«òtJ nkY«
mªj xUtD¡F k£Lnk tÊgLtJ jh‹ ï°yh«. mo¥gil kh®¡f« v¥nghJ« khWtâšiy.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mj‹
tÊKiwfŸ k£L« fhy¤â‰nf‰g kh¿¡ bfh©oUªjd. nkY«, mJî« Tl mªj vrkhd‹ fh£o¤jªj
tÊKiw¥gojh‹. kÅj ïd« x‹W vD« nghJ, ghijí« x‹nw x‹Wjh‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïij¤jh‹
âU¡F® M‹,</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“mšyhàÉ‹
kh®¡f« v‹gJ ï°yh« k£Lnk.” (3:19) v‹W mG¤jkhf T¿íŸsJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï‹bdhU
nfŸÉ?</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">KA«kJ
([š) mt®fŸ mšyhàÉ‹ r¤âa öj®. nkY« mt®fŸjh‹ cy»‰F ïWâ öj® v‹gj‰FÇa Mjhu« v‹d?
v‹w nfŸÉí« kdij beULtJ©L. ïj‹ bjËthd gâyhtJ....</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Kjyhtjhf,
ïªj F® M‹ ïiwtÅ‹ ntj trd«. mJ jdJ r¤âa¤ j‹ik g‰¿, cy»‰F tH§»a Mjhu§fŸ mid¤J«
V‰W m§ÑfÇ¡f¥g£lJ. ï‹W tiu mj‹ rthiy K¿ao¡f KoaÉšiy.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïu©lhtjhf,
KA«kJ ([š) mt®fsJ thœÉ‹ x›bthU nfhzK«, cy»‹ K‹ bjËthf cŸsJ. mthfË‹ KG thœ¡if
tuyhW âwªj ò¤jfkhf cŸsJ. cy»‹ vªj kÅjÇ‹ thœî« mt®fË‹ thœî ngh‹W gâ¡f¥g£ljhfî«,
btË¢rkhfî« ïšiy.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mt®fË‹
vâÇfŸ, ï°yh« Énuhj tuyh‰W MŒths®fŸ Tl KA«kJ ([š) mt®fŸ j§fË‹ brhªj thœÉš
v¥nghJ«, ahiu¥ g‰¿í« bghŒíiu¤j jhf xU nghJ« brhšyÉšiy mt®fË‹ C®tháfns, mt®fË‹
r¤âa¤j‹ik¥ g‰¿ r¤âaÄ£L¢ brhšÈ¡ bfh©oUjh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">j§fË‹
brhªj thœÉš xU nghJ« bghŒíiu¡ fhj mªj áwªj kÅj®, kh®¡f¤â‹ bgauhš, ïiw tÅ‹
bgauhš bghŒíiu¡f v¥go JÂth®? eh‹ ïWâ öjuhnt‹, vd¡F¥ ã‹ ïÅ vªj öjU« tukh£lh®,
v‹W KA«kJ ([š) mt®fns T¿íŸsh®fŸ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">rfy
kj ntj§fËY« Tw¥g£LŸs, “ïWâ Çê”, fš»mjhu«” g‰¿a K‹d¿É¥ò« milahs§fS«, KA«kJ ([š)
mt®fS¡F k£lnk KGikahf¥ bghUªJ»‹wd.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">g©o£
ntj ãufhZ mghâahnaÆ‹ Ô®¥ò</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">g©o£
ntj ãufhZ mghâahna vGâíŸsh®. “ï°yhik V‰W¡ bfhŸshjt‹, AŸu¤ KA«kJ ([š) mt®fisí«,
mt®fË‹ kh®¡f¤ijí« V‰W¡bfhŸshjt‹ - ïªJî« mšy, VbdÅš ïªJ¡fË‹ kj üšfËš fš» mtjhu«
ï‹D« euhêd° ïªj óÄÆš mtjǤj ã‹ mt®fisí«, mt®fË‹ kh®¡f¤ijí« V‰W¡ bfhŸs nt©L« v‹W
brhšy¥g£LŸsJ. vdnt jdJ kj üšfË‹ e«ã¡if bfh©LŸs vªj ïªJî« mt®fis V‰W¡ bfhŸshÉoš
kuz¤â‰F¥ ã‹DŸs thœÉš euf beU¥ò«, m§F ïiwtÅ‹ jÇrd« »il¡fhkšnghtJ« ï‹D« mtdJ
nfhg¤â‰FÇatdhf MtJ« jh‹ V‰gL«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiwÉRthr¤â‹
mtáa«</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kuz¤â‰F¥
ã‹ cŸs thœî mšyhkš ïªj cy»Y« <kh -="" ah="" bf="" eh="" ek="" f="" fh="" fis="" flik.="" ij="" iw="" iwtid="" j="" jhd="" jhy="" jiyjh="" k="" l="" lt="" mt="" mtdj="" nfl="" njit.="" nky="" ntw="" r="" span="" th="" thr="" tjjh="" tl="" tz="" vrkh="" wj.="" x="" yh=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mtÅlnk
vâ®gh®¤J e«ãÆU¡»wJ. j‹ r¤âa vrkhid kwªJÉ£L, thr« thryhf jiy jhœ¤â âÇgt‹ v‹d
kÅj‹? vÅD« ïªj ïiw ÉRthr¤â‹ mâf g£r njit, kuz¤â‰F¥ ã‹ cŸs thœÉš jh‹, m§»UªJ
kÅj‹ âU«ã tu KoahJ. m§F kuz¤ij miH¤jhY« mtid kuz« jGthJ. mªneu« ifnrjK« vªj
gyidí« juhJ. kÅj‹ 炙UªJ ïªj <kh a="" br="" e="" eu="" if="" iw="" jukhf="" lh="" ne="" span="" u="" v=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïªj
cyf beU¥ã‹ xU áW fdY« Tl clÈš g£LÉ£lhš, eh« v¥go Jo¤J¥ ngh»nwh«! v‹whš euf
beU¥ig v¥go jh§f Koí«? mJ ïªj beU¥ig Él vGgJ kl§F fL« cZzkhdJ. mâš Ãuªjukhf
vǪJ bfh©oU¡f neÇL«. xU njhš vǪJ fǪJ É£lhš ntW xU njhš kh‰w¥gL« ï¥go
bjhl®¢áahf ïªj j©lidia mDgɤJ¡ bfh©nl ïU¡f neÇL«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">m‹ã‰»Åa
thrf nea®fns!</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">vdJ
m‹ã‰»Åa thrf nea®fns! kuz« v¥nghJ tU« v‹W bjÇahJ. cŸËG¤j Rthr« btËtUtJ g‰¿í«
âraÄšiy. btËÆš É£l _¢R cŸns bršY« e«ã¡ifí« ïšiy. kuz¤â‰F K‹ mtfhrK©L. jkJ Äf¥
bgÇa, ï‹D« Kj‹ikahd bghW¥ig, flikia cz®ªJ¡ bfhŸS§fŸ. <kh -="" j="" ku="" m="" nky="" span="" th="" thfhj.="" tu="" y.=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ehis
všnyhU« ekJ vrkhÅl« bršy nt©oíŸsJ. m§F Kj‹ikahf <khid a="" br="" c="" g="" gl="" jh="" raeyk="" rhuiz="" span=""></khid></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">v§fS¡F
ïªj c©ik v¤âit¡f¥glnt ïšiy v‹W, ehis Érhuiz
ehs‹W Ú§fŸ brhšÈÉl¡ Tlhjšth?</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïªj
áy r¤âa tÇfŸ c§fŸ kdâš ïl« ão¤âU¡F« v‹W e«ò»nw‹. m¥goahdhš thU§fŸ f©Âath‹fns!
r¤âa ïjaK«, M‹khî« gil¤j v‹ ãÇa e©g®fns! mªj mšyhà V‰W¡ bfhŸS« Éjkhf c©ik
cŸs¤Jl‹ K‹ bkhÊí§fŸ! th¡fËí§fŸ!</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“mZAJ
mšyhÆyhA ïšyšyhë t mZAJ m‹d KA«kj‹ m¥Jë tuèYë”</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">mšyhàit¤
jÉu tz¡f¤â‰FÇat‹ ntW ahUÄšiy, mt‹ jŤjt‹, mtD¡F ïiz, Jiz ahUÄšiy v‹W«, KA«kJ
([š) mt®fŸ mšyhàÉ‹ c©ik moahU« ïiw¤öjUkhf ïU¡»wh®fŸ, v‹W« rh£á TWnw‹. nkY« eh‹
ïiw ÃuhfÇ¥ãÈUªJ ahiuí« mšyhàîl‹ ïiz it¥gâÈUªJ, ï‹D« rfy ght§fËÈUªJ (j›gh) ght
Û£á bgW»nw‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">nkY«
v‹id¥ gil¤j vrkhÅ‹ mid¤J r£l§fisí« V‰»nw‹. nkY« mtdJ r¤âa öj® KA«kJ([š) mt®fS¡F
c©ikahf¡ f£L¥ gL»nw‹. v‹W cWâgl TW§fŸ. m‹ghs‹, fUizahsdh»a vrkh‹, v‹idí«,
c§fisí« ïWâ K¢Rtiu ïªj ghijÆš Ãiy¤âU¡f¢ brŒthdhf! MÛ‹....</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">v‹
m‹ò e©g®fns Ú§fŸ c§fŸ kuz« tiu ïªj <kh -="" bj="" c="" dh="" e="" f="" flikah="" fshdh="" g="" gj="" go="" if="" it="" iw="" j="" jh="" l="" m="" rnfhju="" span="" t="" th="" v="" wf=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïiw
e«ã¡if¡F tU« nrhjid!</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïªj
ï°yh« <kh a="" bfh="" bt="" c="" cyf="" eh="" f="" fhf="" fhuzkhf="" fis="" fs="" gj="" gl="" gly="" id="" if="" il="" iy="" j="" jh="" jhy="" k="" kgtj="" kuz="" m="" miltj="" mj="" mtid="" ne="" neu="" nf="" nghj="" nky="" nrhjid="" nrhjidf="" nrhjidfs="" nt="" r="" rf="" rtd="" s="" span="" t="" th="" tiu="" tl="" v="" vrkhid="" x="" y="" yh=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïÅ
c§fË‹ flik </span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï‹bdhU
Éõa¤ijí«, c§fŸ ftd¤â‰F K‹ it¡»nw‹. <kh a="" ahu="" bf="" c="" clikahf="" f="" ik="" il="" iynah="" j="" m="" r="" rnfhju="" span="" tiu="" v="" w="" wj.="" yh=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">vdnt,
vªj Mjha neh¡fÄ‹¿, öŒikíl‹ j« rnfhju®fË‹ ÛJŸs m¡fiwÆš mt®fis vrkhÅ‹ nfhg«, euf
beU¥ò, ï‹D« j©lidÆ ÈUªJ fh¥gh‰w nt©L« v‹W ntjid cz®îl‹ ãÇa ïiw¤öj® ïªj r¤âa¤ij
v¤âit¤jJ ngh‹W, Ú§fS« v¤â it¥gJ c§fŸ flikahF«. mt®fS¡F r¤âa ghij rÇahf És§Ftj‰F
c§fË‹ vrkhÅl« ãuh®¤jidí« òÇa nt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xUtNj
.k‹ FUl‹ gh®¡f Koahj fhuz¤jhš beU¥ò¡F©l¤âš ÉHÉU¡»wh‹ vÅš xU jlitnaD«, ckJ ïªj
ghij beU¥ò F©l« neh¡»¢ brš»wJ. v‹W thŒ âwªJ brhšyhjtD«, kÅj‹ v‹W brhšy¥gLtj‰F
mUfijahdt‹ jhdh? mtid¤ jL¥gJ«, ão¤J¡fh¥gh‰WtJ«, “vd¡F r¡â ïU¡F« tiu c‹id beU¥ãš
ÉH Élkh£nl‹” v‹W TWtJkšyth kÅj¥g©ò...!</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;"><kh _="" ahbj="" ahu="" beu="" bf="" bfh="" br="" bthu="" f="" fh="" fis="" flik="" gh="" if="" ij="" il="" it="" iw="" izit="" j="" jtwhd="" k="" kfth="" kh="" khid="" l="" lh="" lnjh="" lnt="" mt="" ne="" nf="" nt="" ntj="" o="" span="" st="" t="" uhf="" v="" x="" y=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Mjha
neh¡fÄ‹¿, c©ikahd m¡fiwíl‹ brhšy¥gL« ng¢R, kdâš jh¡f¤ij v‰gL¤J»wJ. c§fŸ_ykhf
xUtU¡nfD« ne®tÊ »il¤JÉ£lhš, xUtnuD« vrkhÅ‹ r¤âa thrÈš tªJ nr®ªJ É£lhš eh«
fiunr®ªJ É£nlh«. ekJ fhÇa« ifTo É£lJ vdyh«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">xUtiu
ïiwÃuhfÇ¥ò ïizit¥ãÈUªJ btËna‰¿, r¤âa¥ghijÆš <lgl at="" f="" k="" m="" span="" wh="" yh=""></lgl></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c§fË‹
m‹ò ikªj‹ c§fË‹ Jnuh», c§fË‹ vâÇíl‹ nr®ªJ bfh©L mt‹ brhštij nf£L elªJ
bfh©oU¡»wh‹ vÅš, xU ešyt® mtD¡F¢ brhšÈ òÇa it¤J c§fS¡F f£L¥gl¢ brŒJ É£lhš, mªj
ešytÇ‹ ÛJ c§fS¡F v›tsî k»œ¢á V‰gL«! mªj ešytÇ‹ ÛJ V‰gL« k»œ¢áia Él mL¤jtU¡F
Mkhid v¤âit¡f¡ fhuzkhF« moahÇ‹ ÛJ mšyhà msî flªj k»œî bfhŸ»wh‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;"><kh -="" bfh="" iw="" l="" nk="" span="" thr=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï°yh«
jGÉaã‹, Ú§fŸ ïiwtÅ‹ c©ik moahuhf M»É£lJ«, ïÅ c§fŸ ÛJ âdK« Intis bjhGtJ flik.
vdnt mij Ú§fŸ f‰W¥gÆ‹W, Élhkš bjhGJ tu nt©L«. mjdhš c§fŸ M‹kh rhªâailtJl‹
mšyhàÉ‹ m‹ò« tsU«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">uksh‹
khj« tªJÉ£lhš mªj khj« KGtJ« neh‹ò ão¡f nt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Ú§fŸ
bghUshjhu trâ gil¤jtuhÆ‹ c§fË‹ bghUshjhu Ãiy¡nf‰g kh®¡f« îizƤJlŸsgo c§fŸ
tUkhd¤â‹ eh‰gâš xU g§F xâ¡» cÇat®fS¡F jhdkË¡f nt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">trâÆU¥ã‹
MíËš xU jlit A{é¡ flikah‰w nt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">#h¡»uij
ïÅ c§fË‹ áuR mšyhàit¤ jÉu ntW ahÇ‹ K‹ò« gÅa¡TlhJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">kJ
mUªJjš, NjhLjš, t£o th§Fjš, g‹¿ ïiw¢á òá¤jš, yŠr« th§Fjš TlhJ.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï‹D«
kh®¡f¤âš jil brŒa¥g£l m¤jid brašfis É£L«, jÉ®ªâU¡f nt©L«. nkY« mšyhàthš Ayhš (öaJ) v‹W m¿É¡f¥g£lt‰iw jhuhskhf c©zyh«;
gUfyh«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c§fË‹
vrkhÅ‹ òw¤âÈUªJ tH§f¥g£l gÇR¤j ntj¤ij F®Mid âdK« Xâ tunt©L«. nkY« R¤j«, öŒikÆ‹
tÊ tiffis e‹F m¿ªJ bjËî bg‰W¡ bfhŸsnt©L«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c©ik
kdJl‹, ‘v§fŸ ïu£rfh v§fisí«, v§fŸ e©g®fisí«, FL«g¤jh®, c‰wh®, cwÉd®fisí«,
ï¥óÄÆš thG« KGkÅj Fy¤ijí«, <kh -="" br="" c="" cu="" f="" fkhf="" iw="" kh="" ku="" l="" nt="" span="" thhit.="" thr="" tu="" uh="" v=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">VbdÅš
ïiw ÉRthr« jh‹ kÅj Fy¤â‹ Kj‹ikí«, ïWâíkhd e«ã¡if, ïiw¤öj® ï¥uhë« (miy) mt®fŸ
bfhGªJÉ£L vǪJ¡ bfh©oUªJ F©l¤âš åába¿a¥g£l nghJ, j§fË‹ ïiw e«ã¡ifÆ‹ xËia år¢
brŒjh®fŸ. mjdhš mt®fË‹ ïiw e«ã¡ifÆ‹ xU Ko Tl fUfÉšiy.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ï‹W«
Tl mªj <kh a="" beu="" bghoah="" c="" e="" ek="" g="" ghij="" ia="" iy.="" j="" jh="" jilf="" l="" nriyahf="" r="" s="" span="" ss="" uhf="" v="" yh=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">“ï‹W«
Tleã ï¥uhëÄ‹ <kh jh="" span=""></kh></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">beU¥ò
F©l« óŠnriyahf kh¿ÉLnk”.</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c§fŸ cilik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïnjh</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">c§fS¡nf!</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">MáÇa®:</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">bksyhdh
KA«kJ fä« á¤ÔÑ</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">jÄÊš
:</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">bksyhdh
m¥J® uë« uõh</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">gâ¥òiu</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">rKjha
nritfŸ gyt‰iw j§fË‹ nguhjuîl‹ brayh‰¿tU« “y{ÌÜ‹ ou°£o‹” nkY« xUikšfš “c§fŸ
cilik ïnjh c§fS¡nf” vD« ïªüš. ïj‹ _y« j~th vD« ïiw miH¥ò¥gÂÆš y{dh fhš gâ¡»wJ. mšA«JÈšhà.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">y{dhɋ
x›bthU nritiaí« bt‰¿ah¡» gÇóuz¤ij tH§» tU« všyh« tšy Vf‹ mšyhà ïªj ïiwgÂÆY«
gÇóuz¤ijí« e« midt®fË‹ T£L Ka‰áiaí« bjhŒÉ‹¿ bjhl®tj‰F ešyUŸ ghÈ¥ghdhf! MÛ‹.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">cyf«
KGtJ« Ô‹ kz« fkH, ãw® J‹g« Éyf, ïiw beU¡f« bgw, jdJ thœÉ‹ x›bthU k¤ JËiaí« tšy
uàkhD¡fhŒ tH§» tU« “bksyhdh fä« á¤ÔÑ e¤É, Aœu¤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">U.P.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">” mt®fË‹ ïiw bghW¤j ciuÆ‹ bjhF¥ig, j§fŸ K‹ rk®¥ã¥gâš y{dh
mšyhàî¡F e‹¿fis gy nfho [{jh¡fshf áu« g»wJ. mšA«JÈšyhà.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">bksyhdhɋ
ciuia jÄHh¡f« brŒj bksyhdh m¥J® uë« uõhâ Aœu¤ mt®fS¡F«, m¢á£L jªj nfhuk©lš
ãÇ©l®° ã.È£., mt®fSlfF«, ešy KiwÆš m¢R nfh®it brŒj y{dh »uh~ã¡è¡F«, bksyhdhÉ‹
ïªj üiy kWgâ¥ò brŒa mDkâ tH§»a k{È°-ï-[›Jš F®M‹ mt®fS¡F« nkY« ïªüš btËtu gy
tifÆš M¡fK« C¡fk« mˤJ v§fSl‹ clyhY« bghUshY« x¤JiH¤j Vida eš cŸs§fS¡F« všyh«
tšy mšyhàÉ‹ âU¥ bghU¤j« v‹w “Çsh” it tšy ïiwt‹ tH§Fthdhf! v‹W JM brŒ»nwh«.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïªüš
_y« ne®tÊ jt¿ â¡f‰W ÉF« rnfhju®fŸ eštÊ bgwnt©L« v‹gJ v§fŸ mth.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">Ô‹
nritÆš</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">y{dJš
KàÌÜ‹ ou°£</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">38
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">To
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">44, rhiy Édhaf® nfhÆš bjU,</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">k©zo,
br‹id - 1.</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 20pt; margin-bottom: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">brš
: 98410 54929, 98408 86926, 98404 73331</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
<b>
</b><br />
</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">K‹Diu</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">ïja¤â‹
ïªj JQ¡Ffis - c§fË‹ cilikia - c§fS¡F K‹ it¡»nw‹.</span></b></span></div>
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e¤É</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">MáÇa®
- m®K‡h‹ (c®J khj ïjœ)</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: LT-TM-Barani;">òy¤
- K#~¥g® ef®, c.ã.</span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155702257/ACCEPT-ISLAM-HERE-LIES-YOUR-TREASURE" style="text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank" title="View ACCEPT ISLAM - HERE LIES YOUR TREASURE on Scribd">ACCEPT ISLAM - உங்கள் உடைமை இதோ உங்களூக்கே !</a> </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/155702257/ACCEPT-ISLAM-HERE-LIES-YOUR-TREASURE" target="_blank"> இங்கு படிக்கவும்</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>அல்லாஹ்வையும் அல்லாஹ்வுடைய தூதரையும் பின்பற்றுவோம் மறுமை வெற்றியடைவோம்!</b></span>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>குர்ஆன் ஹதீஸ் அடிப்படையில் சத்திய இஸ்லாத்தை மக்களிடையே கொண்டு செல்வதே இந்த டிரஸ்டின் நோக்கமாகும்.<br />மார்க்கப் பணிகளுக்காக டிரஸ்ட்டிற்கு </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>அணுகவேண்டிய முகவரி: </b></span><br />
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LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-15655203326761924002009-07-10T10:24:00.000-07:002013-07-16T04:57:16.648-07:00 FIRST INDIAN CONVERT ISLAM Cheraman Perumal The Brahmin King <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<h1 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;">FIRST INDIAN CONVERT ISLAM</span></b></span></h1>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-1"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Cheraman Perumal </b></span></a><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-1"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-1"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Brahmin King </b></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>was the <span style="font-size: x-large;">first Indian</span> that convert to Islam<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arrival_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-arrival-4">[5]</a></sup> based on a popular historical event.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The Brahmin King Cheraman Perumal was the first Indian that convert to Islam<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arrival_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-arrival-4">[5]</a></sup> based on a popular historical event.
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">The event was that a group of The Islamic prophet Muhammad's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">Sahaba</a> (companions) visited Kodungallur. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chera_Dynasty" title="Chera Dynasty">Chera</a> ruler witnessed a miraculous happening — the sudden <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splitting_of_the_moon" title="Splitting of the moon">splitting of the moon</a>,
the celebrated miracle of Muhammad — and learned on inquiry that this
was a symbol of the coming of a Messenger of God from Arabia. Soon
after, Perumal traveled to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, where he embraced Islam and accepted the name Thajudeen. On his way back to India he died at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salalah" title="Salalah">Salalah</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Sultanate of Oman</a>.
On his deathbed he is said to have authorised some of his Arab
companions to go back to his kingdom to spread Islam. Accordingly, a
group of Arabs led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_al-Dar" title="Malik al-Dar">Malik Bin Deenar</a>
and Malik bin Habib arrived in north Kerala and constructed a Masjid at
Kodungalloor. As the construction of masjid was sponsored by the King
Cheraman, it was named the Cheraman Juma Masjid.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-arrival_4-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-arrival-4">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BT_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-BT-5">[6]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hindu_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Masjid#cite_note-hindu-6">[7]</a></sup></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/23/stories/2005072306490500.htm">Kalam to visit oldest mosque in sub-continent </a></span></b><br />
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Staff Reporter
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<span style="font-size: large;">AWAITING VVIP VISIT: The Cheraman Juma Masjid at Kodungallur near
Thrissur.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>THRISSUR:
President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam will visit the Cheraman Juma Masjid at
Kodungallur, near here, considered to be the first mosque in the
subcontinent, on July 29.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>According to the president of the Mosque Committee V. A. Ibrahim, the
President has responded to an invitation sent by the committee two
months ago.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>``This is the first time that an Indian President is visiting the mosque. It is a historic occasion,'' Mr. Ibrahim says.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The President is expected to arrive at the mosque at 5.45 p.m. and spend 25 minutes there.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>He will meet mosque committee officials, address the gathering and leave at 6.10 p.m.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The mosque is believed to have been established in 629 AD by Malik Bin Dinar, a contemporary of Cheraman Perumal.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Belief goes that Perumal had gone to Mecca, met Prophet Mohammed and
embraced Islam. Perumal fell ill as he returned from Mecca.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Malik Bin Dinar and a few others reached Kodungallur and showed the
rulers letters written by Perumal about his new religious experiences.
Dinar and his associates were allowed to construct a mosque.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>When Dinar, who was the chief priest (Ghazi) of the mosque, left for Arabia, his nephew Habib Bin Malik took over.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The mosque is believed to have been renovated in the 11th and 18th centuries AD. In 1974, an extension was built.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>``The mosque has been visited by a galaxy of celebrities, including
theologians from different parts of the world,'' says Mr. Ibrahim.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>`Vidyarambham' (initiation into world of letters) ceremonies have been held in the mosque, Hindu style, in the past four years.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>இஸ்லாத்தை ஏற்ற முதல் இந்தியரும் - தமிழரும்.<br /><br />சேரமான் பெருமாள் பாஸ்கர ரவிவர்மா ( Cheraman Perumal )என்பவர் இஸ்லாம் மார்க்கத்தை ஏற்ற முதல் இந்தியரும்,தமிழரும் ஆவார். இவரது ஆணைப்படியே முதல் இந்திய மசூதி கேரள மாநிலம் கொடுங்கலூரில் கட்டப்பட்டது. சேரமான் பெருமாள் ஜும்மா மசூதி என்று அழைக்கப்படும் இந்த மசூதியே உலகின் இரண்டாவது ஜுமா மசூதி ஆகும். <br /><br />இந்த மசூதி இந்தியாவின் முதல் மசூதி என்பதற்கு இதன் அமைப்பே ஒரு உதாரணமாக உள்ளது. இந்து கட்டிடக்கலையை ஆதாரமாக கொண்டு கட்டப்பட்ட இந்த மசூதி, மற்ற உலக மசுதிகளில் இருந்து வேறுபட்டு கிழக்கு நோக்கி கட்டப்பட்டு இருந்தது. (ஆனால் தற்போது இந்த மசூதி திருத்தி மேற்கு நோக்கி கட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது).<br /><br />இதில் மனரா (கோபுரம்), அறைக்கோள மேற்புறங்கள் (Dome) போன்ற அமைப்புகள் எதுவும் இல்லை. மிகவும் சாதாரணமான கட்டிடமாகவே இது கட்டப்பட்டது. பின்பு இந்த மசூதி பழைய பகுதிகளுக்கு எந்த சேதாரமும் வராத வகையில் புதிய முறையில் மாற்றி கட்டப்பட்டது.<br /><br />சேரநாடு<br /><br />சேரமான் பெருமாள் பாஸ்கர ரவிவர்மா கி.பி எட்டாம் நூற்றாண்டில் தொன்மையான சேர வம்சத்தை ஆண்டு வந்த தமிழ் மன்னன் ஆவார். இவரது ஆட்சியின் கீழ் இன்றைய கேரள மாநிலமும் தமிழகத்தின் தென் பகுதியும் இருந்தது. அப்போது சேர நாடு அரபியார்களுடன் வியாபார கப்பல் தொடர்பை கொண்டிருந்தது. பல்வேறு கிறிஸ்தவ மதத்தினரும் யூத மதத்தினரும் அப்போது சேர நாட்டுக்கு வந்துகொண்டு இருந்தனர்.<br /><br />நிலவை பிரிக்கும் அதிசயம்<br /><br />மெக்காவில் முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் இஸ்லாம் மதத்தை மக்களிடையே அறிமுகம் செய்திருந்தனர். இந்த நிலையில் ஒரு நாள் இரவு தனது மாளிகையில் நிலவை ரசித்துக்கொண்டு இருந்த சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள், திடீரென்று நிலவு இரண்டாக பிரிந்து மறுபடியும் ஒன்று சேர்வதை கண்டார்கள். இந்த அதிசய நிகழ்வை பற்றி அவர்கள் பலரிடமும் விசாரித்தார்கள்.<br /><br />அப்போது சேர துறைமுகத்துக்கு வந்த ஒரு அரபியார் கூட்டம் ஒன்று அது பற்றி தங்களுக்கு தெரியும் என கூறியதை கேட்டு, அவர்களை தங்கள் அரண்மனைக்கு வரவழைத்து விசாரித்தார்கள். அப்போது அவர்கள் தங்கள் நாட்டில் இறைதூதர் ஒருவர் தோன்றி இருப்பதாகவும். அவர் பெயர் முகம்மது (ஸல்) எனவும், அவரே இறைமறுப்பாளர்களை நம்பவைப்பதற்காக இந்த நிலவை பிரிக்கும் அதிசயத்தை நடத்தியதாகவும் கூறக்கேட்டனர்.<br /><br />இதில் மிகவும் ஆர்வம் ஏற்பட்ட சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள் அந்த அரபியார்களிடம் தான் முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்களை பார்ப்பதற்கு மிகவும் ஆர்வமாக இருப்பதாகவும், அதனால் தன்னையும் மெக்காவுக்கு அழைத்து செல்லுமாறும் கேட்டார்கள். ஆனால் அப்போது ஈழத்துக்கு பயணப்படுவதற்கு ஆயத்தமாயிருந்த அந்த அரபியார் கூட்டம் தங்கள் திரும்பி வரும்பொழுது சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்களை மெக்காவுக்கு அழைத்து செல்வதாக வாக்களித்தனர்.<br /><br />இஸ்லாத்தை ஏற்றல்<br /><br />தனது ராஜ்ஜியததை பல்வேறு பிரிவுகலாக பிரித்த சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள், அதை தனது மகன்களுக்கும் உறவினர்களுக்கும் பகிரிந்து கொடுத்தார் (அதில் ஒரு பிரிவினர் கொச்சின் ராயல் பேமிலி என்ற பெயரில் இன்றளவும் கேரளாவில் வாசித்து வருகின்றனர்).<br /><br />அதன் பிறகு சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள் திரும்பி வந்த அராபிய கூட்டத்தாருடன் மெக்கா கிளம்பி சென்றனர். அங்கு முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்களை நேரில் பார்த்த சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள் அங்கேயே இஸ்லாம் மதத்தை ஏற்றார்கள். மேலும் முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்களால் தாஜுதீன் எனவும் பெயர் மாற்றம் செய்யப்பெற்றார்கள். மேலும் 3 நாட்கள் அங்கு தங்கி இருந்து ஹஜ் கடமையை நிறைவேற்றிய அவர்கள் முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்களுக்கு தாங்கள் கொண்டுவந்த ஊறுகாயை அன்பளிப்பாக கொடுத்தார்கள்.<br /><br />இதை நபி தோழர்களில் ஒருவரான அபு சயீத் அல் குத்ரி கூறியதாக ஹக்கிம் என்பவர் தனது நூலான அல் முஸ்தராக் என்ற நூலில் பின்வருமாறு கூறுகின்றார் இந்தியாவிலிருந்து முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்களை பார்க்க வந்திருந்த ஒரு மன்னர் ஒரு ஜாடீ நிறைய ஊறுகாய்கலை கொடுவந்திருந்தார். அதில் இஞ்சி சேர்க்கப்பட்டு இருந்தது. அதை முகம்மது நபி (ஸல்) அவர்கள் தங்கள் தோழர்கள் அனைவருக்கும் பகிர்ந்து கொடுத்தனர். அதில் எனக்கும் ஒரு துண்டு கிடைத்தது.<br /><br />இறப்பு<br /><br />சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள் அங்கேயே ஜித்தாஹ் (Jeddah) தேசத்து மன்னரின் தங்கையை மனம் முடித்தார். அதன் பிறகு இஸ்லாம் மதத்தை இந்தியாவில் பரப்பும் பொருட்டு நபி தோழர்களில் ஒருவரான மாலிக் பின் தீனார் (ரலி) என்பவரின் தலைமையில் பல போதகர்களை அழைத்துக்கொண்டு நாடு திரும்பினார். ஆனால் திரும்பும் வழியிலேயே ஓமன் நாட்டில் உள்ள சலலாஹ் துறைமுகத்தில் (Salalah Port,Oman) நோய் வாயப்பட்டு இறந்தார். அவருடைய உடல் அங்கேயே அடக்கம் செய்யப்பட்டது.<br /><br /><br />மாலிக் பின் தீனார் அவர்களின் இந்தியா வருகை<br /><br />மாலிக் பின் தீனார் (ரலி) அவர்களின் குழு சேர நாட்டை அடைந்தது. அங்கு மன்னர் குடும்பத்தை சந்தித்த அவர்கள் சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள் இறப்பதற்கு முன்பு எழுதி இருந்த கடிதத்தை கொடுத்தனர். அதில் சேரமான் பெருமாள் அவர்கள் தங்கள் குடும்பத்தார்களுக்கு இஸ்லாம் மதத்தை பரப்புவதற்கு மாலிக் பின் தீனார் (ரலி) அவர்களுக்கு உதவுமாறும் அதற்காக பல மசூதிகளை காட்டுமாறும் பனித்திருந்தனர்.<br /><br />அதை ஏற்று மன்னர் குடும்பமும் இஸ்லாம் மதத்தை பரப்புவதற்கும் மசுதிகளை காட்டுவதற்கும் மாலிக் பின் தீனார் (ரலி) அவர்களுக்கு உதவியது. அதன் பேரில் மாலிக் பின் தீனார் (ரலி) அவர்கள் கி.பி 612-ல் கொடுங்கலூரில் முதல் மசூதியை கட்டினார். அதன் பிறகு மேலும் பல மசூதிகளை வட கேரளம் மற்றும் காசர்கோடு (கர்நாடகா) பகுதிகளிலும் காட்டினார்.<br /><br />இந்த நல்ல கருத்துக்களை நம் நண்பர்கள் மத்தியில் பரப்ப SHARE செயுங்கள் !! </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 180%;">TEN SICKNESS<br /><br />OF THE HEART</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. You believe in the existance of Allah Ta'ala, but you do not fulfil his commands.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">2. You say you love the Holy Prophet Mohammed (Sallallahu 'alahi wasallam), but you do not follow his sunnah (ie, his example).</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">3. You Read The Qur'an but you do not put it into practice.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">4. You enjoy all the benefits from Allah Ta'ala, but you are not grateful to him.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">5. You acknowledge Shaytan as your enemy, but you do not go against him.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">6. You want to enter paradise, but you do not work for it.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">7. You do not want to be thrown into hell-fire, but you do not try to get away (ie, do good deeds).</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">8. You believe that every living-thing will face death, but you do not prepare for it.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">9. You gossip and find faults in others, but you forgot your own faults and mistakes.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">10. You bury the dead, but you do not take a lesson from it.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">By Hazarth</span><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Bin_Adham"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ibrahim Bin Adham (rah)</span></a></span><br />
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LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-55353651011273301292009-07-10T09:32:00.000-07:002013-07-16T05:00:02.087-07:00NEWLY CONVERT ISLAM DETIAL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1343954/100-000-Islam-converts-living-UK-White-women-keen-embrace-Muslim-faith.html"><span style="font-size: x-large;">How 100,000 Britons have chosen to become Muslim... and average convert is 27-year-old white woman</span></a></h1>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">By
<a class="author" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=y&authornamef=Jack+Doyle" rel="nofollow">Jack Doyle</a></span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;">
<b><span class="article-timestamp">
<b>UPDATED:</b>
08:10 GMT, 5 January 2011
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<li><span style="font-size: large;"><b>About 5,200 people in UK adopted faith last year alone</b></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The number of Muslim converts in Britain has passed 100,000, fuelled
by a surge in young white women adopting the Islamic faith. </b></span><br />
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</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The figure has almost doubled in ten years – with the average
convert now a 27-year-old white woman fed up with British consumerism
and immorality. </b></span><br />
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</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The numbers, revealed in a study by multi-faith group Faith Matters,
have led to claims that the country is undergoing a process of
‘Islamification’.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><img alt="Conversion: An estimated 90,000 to 100,000 people have adopted Islam as their faith in the UK. Research suggests many of those becoming Muslims are white women " class="blkBorder" height="535" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/01/04/article-1343954-005486CB000004B0-898_468x535.jpg" width="468" /></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The survey of converts revealed nearly two
thirds were women, more than 70 per cent were white and the average age
at conversion was just 27.</b></span></div>
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</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>But the organisation’s report argued that most converts saw their religion as ‘perfectly compatible’ with living in Britain.</b></span><br />
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</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>It said: ‘Converts do not represent a devious fifth column
determined to undermine the Western way of life – this is a group of
normal people united in their adherence to a religion which they, for
the most part, see as perfectly compatible with Western life.’</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><img alt="Convert: Lauren Booth the sister-in-law of Prime Minister Tony Blair attracted a lot of publicity when she announced she had adopted the Islamic faith last year" class="blkBorder" height="423" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/01/04/article-1343954-0BD03F1B000005DC-262_233x423.jpg" width="233" /></b></span>
<br />
<div class="imageCaption">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Convert: Lauren Booth, the sister-in-law of
former Prime Minister Tony Blair, attracted a lot of publicity when she
announced she had adopted the Islamic faith last year
</b></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The report estimated around 5,200 men and women have adopted Islam
over the past 12 months, including 1,400 in London. Nearly two-thirds
were women, more than 70 per cent were white and the average age at
conversion was 27.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In 2001, there were an estimated 60,000 Muslim converts in Britain.
Since then, the country has seen the spread of violent Islamist
extremism and terror plots, including the July 7 bombings. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Converts who
have turned to terror include Nicky Reilly, who tried to blow up a
restaurant in Bristol with a nail bomb, shoe bomber Richard Reid and
July 7 bomber Germaine Lindsay. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>But the report said the number of converts sucked into extremism represented a ‘very small minority’. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The survey, conducted by Kevin Brice from Swansea University, asked
converts for their views on the negative aspects of British culture. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>They identified alcohol and drunkenness, a ‘lack of morality and sexual permissiveness’, and ‘unrestrained consumerism’.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>More than one in four accepted there was a ‘natural conflict’
between being a devout Muslim and living in the UK. Nine out of ten
women converts said their change of religion had led to them dressing
more conservatively. More than half started wearing a head scarf and 5
per cent had worn the burka. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>More than half also said they experienced difficulties after converting because of negative attitudes among their family.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><img alt="Lynee Ali has admittedd that she was a slave to broken society before she converted to Islam" class="blkBorder" height="334" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/01/05/article-1343954-0CA576FB000005DC-440_468x334.jpg" width="468" /></b></span>
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Last year Lauren Booth, sister-in-law of former prime minister Tony
Blair, attracted widespread publicity when she announced that she had
converted to Islam. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span>
<br />
<div class="clear">
</div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Fiyaz Mughal, director of Faith Matters, said: ‘Conversion to Islam
has been stigmatised by the media and wrongly associated with extremist
ideologies and discriminatory cultural practices.</b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></div>
<h1 id="title" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Streich">Daniel Streich Embraces Islam</a></h1>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
Swiss Politician Bans Minarets then Converts to Islam</h2>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uusy9Nmn9H8/UBj-L_naHsI/AAAAAAAAATo/RK8WrVUHHOY/s1600/daniel-streich.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uusy9Nmn9H8/UBj-L_naHsI/AAAAAAAAATo/RK8WrVUHHOY/s1600/daniel-streich.jpg" /></a></div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
</h2>
<div id="summary_highlights">
The Swiss politician Daniel Streich, who rose to fame as a result of his
opposition to mosques in his homeland, has now embraced the faith he
reviled.
</div>
Daniel Streich was a member of then Swiss People's Party (SVP) in
Switzerland. A well-known politician, Streich led the calls for a <a href="http://suite101.com/article/swiss-culture-war-islamophobia-jihad-minarets-a176005">ban on minarets across Switzerland</a>.
He was active in building anti-Muslim sentiments throughout
Switzerland. This sustained campaign led to him being given a high
ranking position in the Swiss Army.<br />
<h3 class="dynamic">
SVP Witch Hunt </h3>
Streich left the SVP in November 2009 calling his party's campaign
against Islam as a 'witch hunt.' The date coincided with the second
anniversary of Streich's conversion which he had kept secret from the
party.<br />
With the party's campaign to ban minarets leading to a referendum, Streich said the situation had become unbearable for him.<br />
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<br />
Switzerland Minaret Ban and Daniel Streich<br />
<br />
In the lead up to the ban Streich said "If the initiative passes, it will be an absolute deep blow for me. I would have to ask myself, why I applied myself professionally and politically for over 30 years for this political system. It is not worthy of Switzerland to force Muslims to practice their faith in back alleys."<br />
More on this topic<br />
<br />
Islamophobia and Minaret Ban in Switzerland<br />
The Swiss Vote To Ban Minarets<br />
Religious Tolerance and Intolerance: Religion Toleration Meaning<br />
<br />
Streich is a military instructor in the Swiss army and was said to be a committed Christian reading the Bible and attending Church regularly.<br />
<br />
He was also committed to his party (SVP) and stood as a local politician in the commune of Bulle.<br />
Daniel Streich Conversion to Islam<br />
<br />
Streich attempted to understand the Qur'an and Islamic teachings in order to argue against Muslims on tenets of their faith. In the course of his efforts the ex-Christian began to agree with and acknowledge the proclamations of the Qur'an.<br />
<br />
"Islam offers me logical answers to important life questions, which, in the end, I never found in Christianity," says Streich. He is now a committed Muslim, who attends the mosque, recites the Qur'an and prays five times a day.<br />
<br />
Post-Conversion Life for Daniel Streich<br />
<br />
Streich has now focused his intentions on participating in the building of the new Conservative Democratic Party in the canton of Freiburg. Freich's new movement is in contrast to his previous one and he aims to promote religious tolerance and peaceful cooperative living, in spite of the fact that ban on mosques minarets has gained a legal status.<br />
<br />
He is vehemently opposed to the Minaret ban and is hoping to establish Switzerland’s fifth mosque and the most beautiful in Europe.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile the SUV have raised concerns over Streich's position as Military Commander in the Army in the aftermath of his conversion citing him as a security risk. SVP-National Council member Alfred Heer cited the Fort Hood shooting spree as an example.<br />
<br />
Read more at Suite101: Daniel Streich Embraces Islam: Swiss Politician Bans Minarets then Converts to Islam | Suite101.com http://suite101.com/article/daniel-streich-embraces-islam-a197051#ixzz22HrWEzGs</div>
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<h1 class="entry-header" style="text-align: center;">
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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 180%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Parnell">Wayne Parnell</a></span></h1>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l10TREn0O38/Tjme60hW9tI/AAAAAAAAAOs/LNZzOpq55Ks/s1600/432px-Wayne_Parnell.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5636711141999048402" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l10TREn0O38/Tjme60hW9tI/AAAAAAAAAOs/LNZzOpq55Ks/s320/432px-Wayne_Parnell.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 320px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 230px;" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><img alt="" src="file:///C:/Users/Toshiba/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot.png" /><img alt="" src="file:///C:/Users/Toshiba/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.png" /><img alt="" src="file:///C:/Users/Toshiba/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-2.png" /></span><span style="font-size: 130%;"><b><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Wayne Dillon Parnell</b> (born 30 July 1989 in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Elizabeth,_Eastern_Cape" title="Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape">Port Elizabeth</a>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricketer</a> who plays Tests, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day International</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a> matches for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_national_cricket_team" title="South Africa national cricket team">South Africa</a>. At domestic level he plays for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warriors_cricket_team" title="Warriors cricket team">Warriors</a> having previously represented <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Province_cricket_team" title="Eastern Province cricket team">Eastern Province</a>, he has also played county cricket for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_County_Cricket_Club" title="Kent County Cricket Club">Kent</a>. In 2010, Parnell was signed by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Daredevils" title="Delhi Daredevils">Delhi Daredevils</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Indian_Premier_League" title="2010 Indian Premier League">2010 Indian Premier League</a>, in 2011 he joined the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara_Pune_Warriors" title="Sahara Pune Warriors">Pune Warriors</a>.</span><br />
<h2 style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Conversion_to_Islam" style="font-size: 180%;">Conversion to Islam</span></h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">On July 28, 2011 Parnell announced that he has converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. His new first name after converting to Islam is Waleed, although he will keep his middle name and surname. He converted to Islam in January 2011, after a period of personal study. Parnell confirmed that he will "continue to respect the team's endorsement of alcoholic beverages." Parnell also confirmed that his team-mates <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashim_Amla" title="Hashim Amla">Hashim Amla</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imran_Tahir" title="Imran Tahir">Imran Tahir</a> along with team manager <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Moosajee&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mohammad Moosajee (page does not exist)">Mohammad Moosajee</a> had no influence over his decision to convert to Islam. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Parnell#cite_note-20">[2</a></sup></span></div>
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<h1 class="entry-header" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2010/10/muslim-world-convert-jihad-christianity-islam-politics-europe-islamophobia-koran-prophet.html" rel="bookmark" title="MUSLIM WORLD: Young European man explains why he converted to Islam"> European man explains</a></h1>
<h1 class="entry-header" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2010/10/muslim-world-convert-jihad-christianity-islam-politics-europe-islamophobia-koran-prophet.html" rel="bookmark" title="MUSLIM WORLD: Young European man explains why he converted to Islam"> why he converted to Islam</a></h1>
<br />
<div class="time" style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 8px;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">October 30, 2010 | <span style="color: #8b0412; font-size: 130%;"> 8:46</span> <span style="color: #8b0412;">am</span></span></div>
<div class="entry-body" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" style="float: right;"><img alt="41386_765997801_6575_n" class="asset asset-image at-xid-6a00d8341c630a53ef0133f4fa866c970b" src="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/.a/6a00d8341c630a53ef0133f4fa866c970b-320wi" style="margin: 0px 0px 5px 5px;" title="41386_765997801_6575_n" /></a>The story of Malcolm is intriguing, and perhaps a bit puzzling.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Why would a left-leaning young man from one of the world's most secular and liberal countries choose to become a pious Muslim?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">The 34-year old Swedish music teacher from Stockholm, who asked that his last name not be published, attempted to explain his decision, describing it as the culmination of a long journey searching for faith and him solidifying his religious beliefs that he couldn’t always place.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">“I have never doubted my faith," he told Babylon & Beyond while on a recent visit to Beirut. "It feels like I've had the same faith all the time but it feels so cleanly formulated in Islam."</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">For Malcolm, becoming a Muslim gave him a connection to others in a country where identity is not always clean-cut.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">"I feel very comfortable as a Muslim.... We’re social creatures and we want to feel a sense of belonging," he said. "If it’s not a clan it’s a nation or a soccer team. For me it’s nice to have a belonging which is not a nation or a football team."</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="more" name="more" style="font-weight: bold;" type="button_count"></a></span> <br />
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Growing up in predominantly Protestant Sweden, Malcolm's doubts about his faith lingered as he got older.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">He started to study different religions and read philosophy texts. He felt drawn to Islam and fascinated by its teachings, especially to what he says is the religion's focus on seeking knowledge.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">He used the Internet to learn about Islam and the Koran, dedicating many hours in front of his computer learning how to recite the Koran and memorizing its chapters.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Malcolm wasn't the only member of his family who embraced Islam. His brother, too, became a Muslim.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">The day he "officially" became a Muslim some three years ago will be forever ingrained in his memory.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">He had attended Friday prayer service in the grand mosque of Stockholm, when after the program an Imam reached for the microphone and called out in the loudspeakers before the jampacked crowd: “Now, we have a brother here who will say the <i>Shahada</i>,” the Muslim declaration of belief.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">The room became quiet as the blond-haired, blue-eyed Swede got up from his seat and started to read out the text<i> </i>alongside the imam in Arabic. From a stand above in the women’s section, his Muslim wife was watching him. </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">“It felt big. When it was over everyone came up to hug and congratulate me ... one guy from Morocco gave me a kaftan as a gift," Malcolm said.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Since then, then 34-year old strictly observed the rules of Islam. There is no more pork on his dinner plate or drinking of alcohol, no gambling in casinos on the weekends. During the holy month of Ramadan, he fasts. Whenever he can, he attends Friday prayer service at a mosque. </span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">His brother, he said, observered Islam even more strictly.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">What's the appeal? In part, Malcolm said, Islam fits in well with his left-wing views. "In that sense, Islam fits me really well," he said. "I am completely against capitalism."</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">As a Muslim living in Europe, Malcolm is also concerned about what he and others see as the bashing of Islam in the region as acted out in French <i>burka</i> bans, a Swiss decree to ban the building of minarets and the rise of far-right political parties in several European nations.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">In September, Sweden made international headlines when it voted the far-right anti-immigrant Sweden Democrats party <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11367622" target="_self">into Parliament</a>. Members of the party have called Islam “un-Swedish” and said that Muslims should be driven out of Sweden with a policy of “sticks and carrots.”</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> -- <a href="http://twitter.com/alexsandels/">Alexandra Sandels</a> in Beirut</span></div>
<i><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Photo: Malcolm, a 34-year old Swedish music teacher, converted to Islam a couple of years ago. </span></span></i>------------------------------------------------<br />
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<h1 style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Tony Blair's sister-in-law</span></h1>
<h1 style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Lauren Booth</span></h1>
<span style="color: white; font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;">converts to Islam after a</span><span style="color: white; font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;"><br /><br />'holy experience' in Iran</span><br />
<div class="float-r hidden" id="digg-button" style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
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<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
By <a class="author" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=y&authornamef=Mail+On+Sunday+Reporter" rel="nofollow">Mail On Sunday Reporter</a><br />
Last updated at 2:02 PM on 24th October 2010</div>
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<img alt="Conversion: Lauren Booth" class="blkBorder" height="387" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/10/24/article-1323278-0BBFA177000005DC-983_233x387.jpg" width="233" /> <br />
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Conversion: Lauren Booth</div>
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<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Tony Blair’s sister-in-law has converted to Islam after having a ‘holy experience’ in Iran.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Broadcaster and journalist Lauren Booth, 43 - Cherie Blair’s half-sister - said she now wears a hijab head covering whenever she leaves her home, prays five times a day and visits her local mosque ‘when I can’.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
She decided to become a Muslim six weeks ago after visiting the shrine of Fatima al-Masumeh in the city of Qom.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
‘It was a Tuesday evening and I sat down and felt this shot of spiritual morphine, just absolute bliss and joy,’ she told The Mail on Sunday. </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
When she returned to Britain, she decided to convert immediately.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
‘Now I don’t eat pork and I read the Koran every day. I’m on page 60. I also haven’t had a drink in 45 days, the longest period in 25 years,' she said.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
'The strange thing is that since I decided to convert I haven’t wanted to touch alcohol, and I was someone who craved a glass of wine or two at the end of a day.’ </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Refusing to discount the possibility that she might wear a burka, she said: ‘Who knows where my spiritual journey will take me?’ </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Before her awakening in Iran, she had been ‘sympathetic’ to Islam and has spent considerable time working in Palestine. ‘I was always impressed with the strength and comfort it gave,’ she said of the religion. </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Miss Booth, who works for Press TV, the English-language Iranian news channel, has been a vocal opponent of the war in Iraq. </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
In August 2008 she travelled to Gaza by ship from Cyprus, along with 46 other activists, to highlight Israel’s blockade of the territory.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
She was subsequently refused entry into both Israel and Egypt. </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
In 2006 she was a contestant on the ITV reality show I’m A Celebrity . . . Get Me Out Of Here!, donating her fee to the Palestinian relief charity Interpal. </div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
She said she hoped her conversion would help Mr Blair change his presumptions about Islam.</div>
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<img alt="Blairs" class="blkBorder" height="562" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/10/24/article-1323278-01AA59A0000004B0-28_468x562.jpg" width="468" /> <br />
<div class="imageCaption">
Influential position: Lauren Booth hopes her conversion will have an influence on how her brother-in-law - Tony Blair - views Islam</div>
</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
During her visit to Iran last month, Booth wrote a public letter to Mr Blair asking him to mark Al-Quds (Jerusalem) day - a protest at Israel's occupation of Palestine.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
The missive was a bitter attack on the former Prime Minister, who is now a Middle East envoy working for peace in the troubled region.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
'The men, women and children around me withstood a day of no water and no food (it’s called Ramadan, Tony, it’s a fast),' Booth wrote.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
'Coping with hunger and thirst in the hundred degrees heat, as if it were nothing. They can withstand deprivation in the Muslim world.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
'Here in Iran they feel proud to suffer in order to express solidarity with the people of Palestine. It's kind of like the way you express solidarity with America only without illegal chemical weapons and a million civilian deaths.'</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
She adds: 'Your world view is that Muslims, are mad, bad, dangerous to know. A contagion to be contained.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
'In the final chapter [of his autobiography] you say we need a "religious counter attack" against Islam. And by "Islam" you mean the Al Quds rallies, the Palestinian intifada (based on an anti Apartheid struggle Tony, NOT religious bigotry), against every Arab who fails to put their arms in the air as the F16 missiles rain on their homes and refugee camps and sing a rousing chorus of ‘Imagine all the people...’</div>
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<img alt="Booth stands next to a damaged building in Gaza in 2008 " class="blkBorder" height="445" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/10/24/article-1323278-02AA396E00000578-296_468x445.jpg" width="468" /> <br />
<div class="imageCaption">
Booth stands next to a damaged building in Gaza in 2008 </div>
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<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Booth moved to France with her family - husband Craig Darby and two daughters Alexandra and Holly in 2004.</div>
<div style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">
Her husband was seriously injured in a motorcycle accident in April 2009 when he was drunk and not wearing a helmet.</div>
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He suffered a severe brain injury, a fractured neck, damage to his spine and several broken ribs and was in a deep coma for two weeks.</div>
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The 42-year-old had to learn how to walk and talk again. He lost much of his memory, has sight problem and cannot work.</div>
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The couple decided to move back to Britain to help his recovery and reduce the amount of time Booth has to work away from home. </div>
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<img alt="Booth with husband Craig and daughters Alex and Holly" class="blkBorder" height="286" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2010/10/24/article-1323278-071138DF000005DC-36_468x286.jpg" width="468" /> <br />
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Booth with husband Craig and daughters Alex and Holly at their home in France last year. They have now returned to Britain </div>
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Booth took part in I'm A Celebrity... Get Met Out of Here! in 2006 alongside Myleene Klass and Jason Donovan, finishing ninth.</div>
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Of her relationship with the Blairs, she said at the time: 'I'm happy to criticise them politically if they deserve it but that on a personal level we get on fine.'</div>
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Mr Blair was famously told not to 'do God' by his spin doctor Alistair Campbell while he was Prime Minister.</div>
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But on leaving office, he converted to Catholicism after starting to go to Mass - saying later that it was his wife who spurred his decision.</div>
<span style="color: white; font-weight: bold;">He said last year that it was like 'coming home' and is now 'where my heart is, where I know I belong'. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
Read more: <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1323278/Tony-Blairs-sister-law-Lauren-Booth-converts-Islam-holy-experience-Iran.html#ixzz14fe4XtS9" style="color: #003399;">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1323278/Tony-Blairs-sister-law-Lauren-Booth-converts-Islam-holy-experience-Iran.html#ixzz14fe4XtS9</a></div>
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<h1>
Why ARE so Many Modern British Career Women Converting to Islam?</h1>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">November 4, 2010 </span></span><br />
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><b>By Eve Ahmed</b></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-weight: bold; width: 595px;"> <tbody>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="595"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/C-Leyland.jpg"><img align="left" alt="C Leyland" border="0" height="244" src="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/C-Leyland_thumb.jpg" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; float: left; margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="C Leyland" width="116" /></a><a href="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/C-Leyland2.jpg"><img alt="C Leyland2" border="0" height="244" src="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/C-Leyland2_thumb.jpg" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px 12px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="C Leyland2" width="116" /></a></span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="595"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>Changing values: Camilla Leyland, 32,</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i> pictured in Western and Muslim dress,</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>converted to Islam in her mid-20s for</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i> ‘intellectual and feminist reasons’ </i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i> </i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>Tony Blair’s sister-in-law announced her conversion to Islam last weekend. Journalist Lauren Booth embraced the faith after what she describes as a ‘holy experience’ in Iran. </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>She is just one of a growing number of modern British career women to do so. Here, writer EVE AHMED, who was raised as a Muslim before rejecting the faith, explores the reasons why.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Much of my childhood was spent trying to escape Islam. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Born in London to an English mother and a Pakistani Muslim father, I was brought up to follow my father’s faith without question. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">But, privately, I hated it. The minute I left home for university at the age of 18, I abandoned it altogether. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">As far as I was concerned, being a Muslim meant hearing the word ‘No’ over and over again. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Girls from my background were barred from so many of the things my English friends took for granted. Indeed, it seemed to me that almost anything fun was haram, or forbidden, to girls like me. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">There were so many random, petty rules. No whistling. No chewing of gum. No riding bikes. No watching Top Of The Pops. No wearing make-up or clothes which revealed the shape of the body. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">No eating in the street or putting my hands in my pockets. No cutting my hair or painting my nails. No asking questions or answering back. No keeping dogs as pets, (they were unclean). </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">And, of course, no sitting next to men, shaking their hands or even making eye contact with them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">These ground rules were imposed by my father and I, therefore, assumed they must be an integral part of being a good Muslim. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Small wonder, then, that as soon as I was old enough to exert my independence, I rejected the whole package and turned my back on Islam. After all, what modern, liberated British woman would choose to live such a life? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Well, quite a lot, it turns out, including Islam’s latest surprise convert, Tony Blair’s sister-in-law Lauren Booth. And after my own break with my past, I’ve followed with fascination the growing trend of Western women choosing to convert to Islam. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Broadcaster and journalist Booth, 43, says she now wears a hijab head covering whenever she leaves home, prays five times a day and visits her local mosque ‘when I can’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">She decided to become a Muslim six weeks ago after visiting the shrine of Fatima al-Masumeh in the city of Qom, and says: ‘It was a Tuesday evening, and I sat down and felt this shot of spiritual morphine, just absolute bliss and joy.’ </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Before her awakening in Iran, she had been ‘sympathetic’ to Islam and has spent considerable time working in Palestine. ‘I was always impressed with the strength and comfort it gave,’ she says. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">How, I wondered, could women be drawn to a religion which I felt had kept me in such a lowly, submissive place? How could their experiences of Islam be so very different to mine? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">According to Kevin Brice from Swansea University, who has specialised in studying white conversion to Islam, these women are part of an intriguing trend. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">He explains: ‘They seek spirituality, a higher meaning, and tend to be deep thinkers. The other type of women who turn to Islam are what I call “converts of convenience”. They’ll assume the trappings of the religion to please their Muslim husband and his family, but won’t necessarily attend mosque, pray or fast.’</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">I spoke to a diverse selection of white Western converts in a bid to re-examine the faith I had rejected.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Women like Kristiane Backer, 43, a London-based former MTV presenter who had led the kind of liberal Western-style life that I yearned for as a teenager, yet who turned her back on it and embraced Islam instead. Her reason? The ‘anything goes’ permissive society that I coveted had proved to be a superficial void.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">The turning point for Kristiane came when she met and briefly dated the former Pakistani cricketer and Muslim Imran Khan in 1992 during the height of her career. He took her to Pakistan where she says she was immediately touched by spirituality and the warmth of the people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Kristiane says: ‘Though our relationship didn’t last, I began to study the Muslim faith and eventually converted. Because of the nature of my job, I’d been out interviewing rock stars, travelling all over the world and following every trend, yet I’d felt empty inside. Now, at last, I had contentment because Islam had given me a purpose in life.’</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘In the West, we are stressed for superficial reasons, like what clothes to wear. In Islam, everyone looks to a higher goal. Everything is done to please God. It was a completely different value system. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘In the West, we are stressed for superficial reasons, like what clothes to wear. In Islam, everyone looks to a higher goal. Everything is done to please God’</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Despite my lifestyle, I felt empty inside and realised how liberating it was to be a Muslim. To follow only one god makes life purer. You are not chasing every fad.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘I grew up in Germany in a not very religious Protestant family. I drank and I partied, but I realised that we need to behave well now so we have a good after-life. We are responsible for our own actions.’ </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">For a significant amount of women, their first contact with Islam comes from dating a Muslim boyfriend. Lynne Ali, 31, from Dagenham in Essex, freely admits to having been ‘a typical white hard-partying teenager’. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">She says: ‘I would go out and get drunk with friends, wear tight and revealing clothing and date boys. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘I also worked part-time as a DJ, so I was really into the club scene. I used to pray a bit as a Christian, but I used God as a sort of doctor, to fix things in my life. If anyone asked, I would’ve said that, generally, I was happy living life in the fast lane.’ </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">But when she met her boyfriend, Zahid, at university, something dramatic happened. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">She says: ‘His sister started talking to me about Islam, and it was as if everything in my life fitted into place. I think, underneath it all, I must have been searching for something, and I wasn’t feeling fulfilled by my hard-drinking party lifestyle.’</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">Lynne converted aged 19. ‘From that day, I started wearing the hijab,’ she explains, ‘and I now never show my hair in public. At home, I’ll dress in normal Western clothes in front of my husband, but never out of the house.’ </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">With a recent YouGov survey concluding that more than half the British public believe Islam to be a negative influence that encourages extremism, the repression of women and inequality, one might ask why any of them would choose such a direction for themselves. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Yet statistics suggest Islamic conversion is not a mere flash in the pan but a significant development. Islam is, after all, the world’s fastest growing religion, and white adopters are an important part of that story. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Evidence suggests that the ratio of Western women converts to male could be as high as 2:1,’ says Kevin Brice. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Moreover, he says, often these female ¬converts are eager to display the visible signs of their faith — in particular the hijab — whereas many Muslim girls brought up in the faith choose not to. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Perhaps as a result of these actions, which tend to draw attention, white Muslims often report greater amounts of discrimination against them than do born Muslims,’ adds Brice, which is what happened to Kristiane Backer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">She says: ‘In Germany, there is Islamophobia. I lost my job when I converted. There was a Press campaign against me with insinuations about all Muslims supporting terrorists — I was vilified. Now, I am a presenter on NBC Europe. </span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-weight: bold; width: 595px;"> <tbody>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="595"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Kristiane-Backer2.jpg"><img alt="Kristiane Backer2" border="0" height="241" src="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Kristiane-Backer2_thumb.jpg" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Kristiane Backer2" width="244" /></a></span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="595"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>Ex-MTV Presenter Kristiane Backer with Mick Jagger in the late Eighties.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘I call myself a European Muslim, which is different to the ‘born’ Muslim. I was married to one, a Moroccan, but it didn’t work because he placed restrictions on me because of how he’d been brought up. As a European Muslim, I question everything — I don’t accept blindly.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘But what I love is the hospitality and the warmth of the Muslim community. London is the best place in Europe for Muslims, there is wonderful Islamic culture here and I am very happy.’ </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">For some converts, Islam represents a celebration of old-fashioned family values. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Some are drawn to the sense of belonging and of community — values which have eroded in the West,’ says Haifaa Jawad, a senior lecturer at the University of Birmingham, who has studied the white conversion phenomenon.</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="font-weight: bold; width: 595px;"> <tbody>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="297"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Lynne-Ali.jpg"><img alt="Lynne Ali" border="0" height="244" src="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Lynne-Ali_thumb.jpg" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Lynne Ali" width="90" /></a></span></td> <td valign="top" width="297"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Kristiane-Backer.jpg"><br /></a></span></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top" width="297"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>Escape route: Former DJ Lynne Ali is happy to pray five times a day.</i></span><span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>Liberating: Kristiane Backer says being a Muslim makes her life purer.</i></span></td> <td valign="top" width="297"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><i><br /></i></span><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Kristiane-Backer.jpg"><img alt="Kristiane Backer" border="0" height="244" src="http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/http://muslimmedianetwork.com/mmn/wp-content/uploads//2010/11/Kristiane-Backer_thumb.jpg" style="background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Kristiane Backer" width="114" /></a></span></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Many people, from all walks of life, mourn the loss in today’s society of traditional respect for the elderly and for women, for example. These are values which are enshrined in the Koran, which Muslims have to live by,’ adds Brice.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">It is values like these which drew Camilla Leyland, 32, a yoga teacher who lives in Cornwall, to Islam. A single mother to daughter, Inaya, two, she converted in her mid-20s for ‘intellectual and feminist reasons’.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">She explains: ‘I know people will be surprised to hear the words “feminism” and “Islam” in the same breath, but in fact, the teachings of the Koran give equality to women, and at the time the religion was born, the teachings went against the grain of a misogynistic society.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘The big mistake people make is by confusing culture with religion. Yes, there are Muslim cultures which do not allow women individual freedom, yet when I was growing up, I felt more oppressed by Western society.’</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">She talks of the pressure on women to act like men by drinking and having casual sex. ‘There was no real meaning to it all. In Islam, if you begin a relationship, that is a commitment of intent.’</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Growing up in Southampton — her father was the director of Southampton Institute of Education and her mother a home economics teacher — Camilla’s interest in Islam began at school.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;">She went to university and later took a Masters degree in Middle East Studies. But it was while living and working in Syria that she had a spiritual epiphany. Reflecting on what she’d read in the Koran, she realised she wanted to convert.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Her decision was met with bemusement by friends and family. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘People found it so hard to believe that an educated, middle-class white woman would choose to become Muslim,’ she says. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">While Camilla’s faith remains strong, she no longer wears the hijab in public. But several of the women I spoke to said strict Islamic dress was something they found empowering and liberating. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Lynne Ali remembers the night this hit home for her. ‘I went to an old friend’s 21st birthday party in a bar,’ she reveals. ‘I walked in, wearing my hijab and modest clothing, and saw how everyone else had so much flesh on display. They were drunk, slurring their words and dancing provocatively.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘For the first time, I could see my former life with an outsider’s eyes, and I knew I could never go back to that.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘I am so grateful I found my escape route. This is the real me — I am happy to pray five times a day and take classes at the mosque. I am no longer a slave to a broken society and its expectations.’ </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Kristiane Backer, who has written a book on her own spiritual journey, called From MTV To Mecca, believes the new breed of modern, independent Muslims can band together to show the world that Islam is not the faith I grew up in — one that stamps on the rights of women. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">She says: ‘I know women born Muslims who became disillusioned and rebelled against it. When you dig deeper, it’s not the faith they turned against, but the culture. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Rules like marrying within the same sect or caste and education being less important for girls, as they should get married anyway —– where does it say that in the Koran? It doesn’t. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">‘Many young Muslims have abandoned the “fire and brimstone” version they were born into have re-discovered a more spiritual and intellectual approach, that’s free from the cultural dogmas of the older generation. That’s how I intend to spend my life, showing the world the beauty of the true Islam.’ </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">While I don’t agree with their sentiments, I admire and respect the women I interviewed for this piece. </span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">They were all bright and educated, and have thought long and hard before choosing to convert to Islam — and now feel passionately about their adopted religion. Good luck to them. And good luck to Lauren Booth. But it’s that word that sums up the difference between their experience and mine — choice.</span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Perhaps if I’d felt in control rather than controlled, if I’d felt empowered rather than stifled, I would still be practising the religion I was born into, and would not carry the burden of guilt that I do about rejecting my father’s faith.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><b>Daily Mail<br />-----------------------------------------------------------------</b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.whyislam.org/Forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=25080&PD=0">A Hindu who demolished Babari Masjid Converted to</a><br />Islam and is now Constructing Masajid every year on<br /><br />06 December.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br />DEMOLITION OF BABRI MOSQUE MIRACLE THAT CHANGED HINDU EXTREMISTS TO MUSLIMS.<br />Written by Admin<br />Saturday, 17 January 2009<br />DEMOLITION OF BABRI MOSQUE ─ MIRACLE THAT CHANGED HINDU EXTREMISTS TO MUSLIMS.<br />The demolition of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhiya, India by Hindu extremists on December 6, 1992 is a well-known tragic event in recent Indian history. Two of the most ardent extremists who took part ─ Balbir Singh of Shiva Sena's (Hindu extremist organisation) Youth Flying Squad; and Yogender Pal ─ have BECOME MUSLIMS; taking the names of Mohamed Aamir and Mohamed Omar respectively, after a most shocking tragedy which befell them! (What the tragedy was, is a long account; refer to the book for details).<br />As atonement for the sin committed by them (demolition of the Babri Mosque) one of them ─ Bro.Mohamed Omar ─ has taken an oath that he would build 100 mosques in villages where there are no mosques; and the other ─ Bro.Mohamed Aamir ─ has vowed that he would renovate 100 mosques that are in dilapidated condition. Till December 2004, Bro.Mohamed Omar has built 20 new mosques; while Bro.Mohamed Aamir has renovated 13 mosques.<br />Their aim: to complete at least 1 new mosque; and renovate at least 1 dilapidated mosque by 6th December each year.<br />Their message: If the Muslims had done their duty ─ explaining to non-Muslims about Islam and the sanctity of mosques ─ the most heart-breaking tragedy of demolition of Babri Mosque would not have happened. Those members of Shiva Sena, Bajrangdal (Hindu extremist organisation) and others, who took part in the demolition of Babri Mosque, do not know anything about Islam; nor about Muslims, Al-Quran, and the sanctity of mosques. If we had known then, things would have been different: no demolition of the mosque would have occurred.<br /><br />If only Pal Thackery, Vinay Kattiyar, Uma Barathi, Asoksingh Kal (all leaders of Hindu extremists organisation in India) had known the truth in Islam, they would have realised that Islam is their religion also; and that it is necessary for them too; and each of them would have taken it as his duty to rebuild the Babri Mosque at his own expense.<br />(Extract from 'Why We Become Muslims' published in Tamil by 'Shariath Peravai' of Tamil Nadu, India)<br />-------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span><br />
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Tyson's Spiritual Journey</h1>
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<img alt="Mike Tyson during his journey to Mecca" height="320" src="http://www.illumemag.com/cmsAdmin/uploads/tyson.jpg" width="620" /> </div>
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Mike Tyson during his</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">journey to Mecca </span></span></div>
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<h2>
"my whole life has been a waste –</h2>
<h2>
I've been a failure." </h2>
<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="article">Mike Tyson's life is a highlight reel of personal<br />tragedy.Rising from petty criminal to heavyweight<br />championover a span of five years, it was assumed<br />he would goon to become one of the greatest boxers<br />of all time;however, his personal demons continued<br />to haunt him leading him back into prison and the<br />demise of his boxing career.<br /><br />While in prison in the early 1990s, through the<br />Nation of Islam, he converted to Islam. Over the<br />last 20 years he has come full circle returning to<br />his spiritual roots on a pilgrimage he completed<br />July 9. Tyson completed the Umrah, the lesser<br />pilgrimage.<br /><br />Tyson has been through a lot over his 44 years.<br />The vast majority of which has been self-inflicted.<br /><br />His father abandoned his family when Tyson was<br />2-years-old. Without a strong male influence he<br />was easily led into petty crime while still an<br />adolescent in Brownsville, New York. He was<br />arrested 38 times by the age of 13.<br /><br />While incarcerated in a juvenile detention center<br />his boxing ability was realized and he was led to<br />the legendary boxing manager and trainer Cus<br />D'Amato, who eventually took custody of Tyson<br />when the young man's mother died when he<br />was just 16.<br /><br />D'Amato trained Tyson into becoming a knockout<br />machine, but moreover taught him how to be a man.<br />He was also his mentor and he was a father like<br />figure,taking Tyson into his home and providing<br />him with structure for the first time.<br /><br />Unfortunately, shortly before Tyson's first title fight,<br />D'Amato passed away. Nevertheless D'Amato had<br />trained </span></span><span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="article">him well, speeding him up the heavyweight<br />boxing ranks.</span></span><span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="article">After D'Amato's death Tyson became<br />the heavyweight champion and was considered by<br />many to be on his way to becoming one of the<br />greatest heavyweights all time. Some experts even<br />cut him out of the same cloths of the great Sonny<br />Liston and Jack Dempsey.<br /><br />However because of D'Amato's absence, Tyson's<br />personal and professional life was spiraling out of<br />control. In 1990 he lost his title in a tenth round knock<br />out by the hands of Buster Douglas and a year later<br />he was arrested and later convicted of raping a<br />19-year-old beauty queen.<br /><br />During this turbulent time of his life is when he<br />came to Islam. After his release he went through<br />several more ups and downs both in the ring and<br />out of it.<br /><br />He went through two feuds in the nineties between<br />him and Lennox Lewis and another wutg Evander<br />Holyfield. The Holyfield fight led to Tyson's<br />psychological state to come into question by many in<br />the media and to him being more of a sideshow with<br />people buying his fights just to see the train wreck<br />they were certain would occur.<br /><br />Post Holyfield, Tyson's career was a myriad of sub<br />par performances against inferior opponents, the<br />of boxing licenses, Wrestlemania appearances to<br />deal with his increasing legal costs and mounting<br />debt, and another jail sentence.<br /><br />A routine beating at the hands of Lennox Lewis<br />effectively ended his career as a marquee boxing<br />draw; losing three of his final four bouts, all to<br />knockout. During this period Tyson said "my whole<br />life has been a waste – I've been a failure."<br /><br />Shortly after he was arrested again and his several<br />drug addictions were exposed. A few years later the<br />opinion people had of him slightly softened when<br />his 4-year-old daughter got tangled in an exercise<br />treadmill cord and died.<br /><br />Several days later he reportedly married his then<br />girlfriend, Lakiha Spicer. And now he is making<br />his pilgrimage to Mecca.<br /><br />Nearly 20 years after his conversion he has seen<br />every peek and valley one could imagine; a man<br />humbled through actions inside and outside of<br />control.<br /><br />The picture taken of "Iron" Mike Tyson in front<br />of the holy Ka'aba reminds believers the reason<br />that Muslims make the pilgrimages: it is a time<br />for deep personal reflection and growth. After the<br />life Tyson has led, is there anyone more deserving?</span></span><br />
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<div class="intro" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.monthlycrescent.com/my-journey-to-islam/mosque-breakers-become-mosque-makers-ii/"><span style="font-size: 130%;">MY JOURNEY TO ISLAM</span></a></div>
<div class="intro" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.monthlycrescent.com/my-journey-to-islam/mosque-breakers-become-mosque-makers-ii/"><span style="font-size: 130%;">MOSQUE BREAKERS</span></a></div>
<div class="intro" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.monthlycrescent.com/my-journey-to-islam/mosque-breakers-become-mosque-makers-ii/">BECOME MOSQUE MAKERS</a></span></div>
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<div class="intro" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">6th December 1992 : Balbir Singh, Vice president Shiv Sena Youth Wing leads the demolition squad and becomes the first person to strike his pickaxe against the central Dome of Babri Masjid. Within minutes the whole structure is razed to ground.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">25th June 1993 : Balbir Singh takes rebirth as Mohammad Aamir when he embraces Islam (Al-hamdu Lillah) having lived lives and experienced psyches poles apart from each other. Mohammad Aamir admonishes the Muslim Ummah about their responsibilities and is trying his utmost to awaken them from the slumber they are in.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Master Mohammad Aamir (former Balbir Singh) gives in this write-up( Part-I) a detailed account of his sensational phase of life beginning from affiliations with the Shiv Sena Youth Wing to his ultimate reversion to Islam, as narrated to Ahmad Awah of Armugan-i-Waliullah, Phulat, U.P.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">I COME FROM A VILLAGE OF district Panipat in Haryana. Born in a Rajput family on 6th December 1970, I was named Balbir Singh. My father in addition to being an honourable farmer was headmaster in the primary school. A good human being at heart his religion was philanthropy. Cruelty in any form and against anyone was just unbearable for him. He was an eye witness to the communal roits of 1947 and would talk about these with a heavy heart. He considered the massacre of Muslims (during the partition and riots following that) a blot on the face of India and was always on the forefront in rehabilitating the remaining Muslims. Muslim children in the school and their education was his special concern. I did my matriculation from the local high school and got admission for my intermediate in Panipat.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Joining the Shiva Sena</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Panipat is a strong hold of Shiva Sena perhaps second only to Mumbai. The youth and the people associated with schools are very much linked to Shive Sena. I came across some Shiva Sainks and ultimately got enrolled in Panipat branch of the Sena. Owing to the historical position of Panipat, the youth there are poisoned against Muslims especially Babar and other Muslim rulers. When my father came to know that I had joined Shive Sena he tried to advise me and explain the situation from historical perspective. He would relate the stories of justice and unbiased treatment meted out by Babur and Aurangzeib towards their non-Muslim subject. He would explain that the British distorted the history and made us fight each other and weaken the nation. In light of the communal roits and massacres of 1947 he tried his utmost to keep me away from Shive Sena, but I wouldn’t listen.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">I was entrusted with special responsibilities during 1990 Rath Yatra of L.K. Advani. During the Rath Yatra our leaders poisoned us against Muslims and the hatred against the community was at its climax. I swore by Shivaji “Come what may, I will go alone and demolish the bloody structure at the site of Ram Mandir”.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">As a reward for my services during Rath Yatra I was elevated to the position of Vice President Shive Sena Youth Wing. I took charge of my young team and reached Ayodhia on 30th October. Enroute police stopped us at Faizabad. I along with some of my friends escaped from police and reached Ayodhiya but it was too late. The situation had got out of control and police had resorted to firing. Consequently Babri Masjid was sealed off. After trying so hard I could not reach Babri Masjid, my hatred for Muslims was out of bounds. I would repeatedly tell my companions “better to die than live like this. How unjust! Ram’s servants be shot at, right at Rams birth place and that too because of these bloody Arab pirates”. I was infuriated and wanted to go to Lucknow to shoot Mulayim Singh with my own hands. Roits were going on in the country and I was restless waiting for the moment when I could demolish Babri Masjid with my own hands.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Raizing the Babri Masjid</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Day by day the unfortunate moment was approaching, which I considered a “moment of bliss” at that time. I took many of my hot headed friends with me and reached Ayodya well in advance on 1st December 1992. Yoginder Pal a young man from a Jat village of Sonipat was with me. He was my best friend. His father was a farmer and philanthropist too. In addition to his father, his uncle too had tried hard to stop their lone son from going to Ayodhiya, but to no avail.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">The night before 6th December 1992, we had reached very close to the Babri Masjid and spent the night on the roof tops of the Muslim houses adjacent to the Babri Masjid. I had apprehensions that we might be stopped from the sacred mission like 30th October 1990. In the heart of my hearts, I was thinking of proceding for Kar Seva even if our leaders didn’t turn up, but our group leader stopped us and insisted on maintaining discipline. Oma Bharti’s speech turned the Kar Sevaks volatile. During her speech I along with Yoginder Pal came down from the roof of the house and ascended the roof of the Babri Masjid, with a spade in my hand. Oma Bharti shouted “Dhaka Aik aur doo, Babri Masjid tood doo” (one more blow, raze the Babri Masjid). That was it. I was seeing my dream coming true. I struck the central dome of Babri Masjid with a mighty blow of my spade coupled with an ear deafening shout; “Baghwan Ram Ki Jai”. Within minutes the job was over. Babri Masjid was no more there. With the mission accomplished our joy was boundless. After placing the statues of Ram there, we paid our respects and returned home happily taking with us two bricks of the Babri Masjid which I displayed to my friends in Panipat. My friends would praise me for my outstanding achievement. The bricks were placed in Shive Sena office and a gathering was organized to celebrate the event. Every one would praise me in his speech and the feeling of the pride, that in service of Ramji it was a youth of Panipat who struck his spade first on Babri Masjid, was running high.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">My family disowns me</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">I proudly related this at my home. My father felt displeased and saddened and declared in no ambiguous words “Now you and me, both can not live in this home. If you live here I am going, otherwise you have got to leave. I do not want to see one who demolished Lord’s house. Do not show me your face till I die”. This was unexpected. I tried to make him understand and tried to explain the position of respect which I had achieved in Panipat. His reaction was that the nation was destined to doom owing to such exploiters and in a state of extreme anger he started to move out of the home. I sensed the gravity of the situation and volunteered to abandon the home where the servants of Ram Temple were called oppressors. So I left my home to live in Panipat.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">My friend turns insane!</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Yoginder Pal, my friend, announced that a couple of bricks of the brutal structure that stood at the place of Ram Temple are in our possession. My (Hindu) brethren are invited to express their faith by urinating the bricks. Every one would come and in utter contempt would take part in the nasty act of urinating on the bricks. The Lord of mosque was acting in His own way. Four or five days later Yoginder Pal experienced a total mental breakdown. In the state of complete lunacy he would tear down all his clothes. Being the lone son of honorable land lord the situation was turning disgusting. During these fits of madness he would time and again try to take off the clothes of his mother. He would cling to her and repeatedly attempted and demanded to commit incest with her.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Muslim Clerics Help</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">The family especially his father got extremely worried. They took him to many Muslim clerics, prayed for Lord’s forgiveness and would offer alms but Yoginder tried to molest his mother and only neighbours could save her after she cried for help. In order to keep the situation under control Yoginder was chained and his father decided to shoot him instead of risking the honour of the family. Just before he could put his plan in action some one suggested him to see the senior cleric (Molvi Sahab) in the Madrasa of Sonipat Eidgah. “Just see him once and if the situation doesn’t improve then you can do as you please” suggested the adviser. Chowdhry Ragubir Singh took his son Yoginder Pal to Sonipat, Eidgah but the cleric (Molvi Sb.) had left the day before. He was told that the cleric visits the school on 1st of every month for one day. Disappointed he started looking for the local cleric only to know that he too had left with senior one. A shopkeeper from the Eidgah gave him the address of cleric in Delhi and informed him that the cleric is coming to his residence Boowana,Delhi the following Wednesday. Along with chained Yoginder, Chowdhary Ragubir Singh heads for Boowana. The cleric of Boowana Mosque was a disciple of Molvi Kalim Sidiqi Sahib. The cleric informed Chowdhary that owing to the tight schedule Molvi Kalim Sidiqi Sahib has not been able to fulfil the desire of his friends to come to Boowana for a long time. But this time he has promised to be here (in Boowana) at Zuhar prayer after his two day trip in the area. The cleric of Boowana added that owing to the tense situation most of the clerics (Imams) and teachers had gone to their families in UP and many had not shown up even after a month. Molvi Kalim Sidiqi Sahib had delivered a speech on this topic and made clear that if Muslims had approached these non-Muslim brethren and explained the message of Islam, Allah and the mosques, the situation like 6th December 1992 would not have occurred. Molvi Sahib had added that we Muslims are equally responsible for the destruction of Babri Masjid and if we come to senses even now and discharge our duties regarding inviting others to the message of Islam these demolishers of the mosques will turn to be builders of the mosques. Prophet of Islam, Mohammad (May peace and blessings of Allah be on him) had prayed in similar situations “O Allah guide my people (to righteousness) for they know not (what they are doing)”.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">At the time when Chowdhary Ragubir Singh met the cleric of Boowana (whose name was perhaps Molvi Bashir Ahmad) he was extremely impressed by the speech of his spiritual guide Molvi Kalim Sidiqi Sahib. He informed Chowdhary Ragubir Singh that he used to exorcize the evil spirits but now his spiritual teacher has advised him to abstain from that as lying and mixing with opposite sex is a prerequisite in that profession. Your son is not under any evil spell but this is a punishment from the Lord. You have got an opportunity, our spiritual guide is coming her on following Wednesday afternoon. You will have to put your problem before him, we hope your son will recover soon. But the deal is you will have to embrace Islam once your son recovers. Chowdhary Ragubir affirmed: “I am ready to do anything once my son recovers”.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Finally Allah’s Mercy Arrives</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">The following Wednesday Chowdhary Ragubir Singh reached Boowana at 8. a.m along with chained Yoginder. Molvi Kalim Sidiqi also arrived well before Zuhar prayer. With Yoginder Pal Singh chained and without clothes Chowdhary sahib cried bitterly and fell on the feet of Molvi Sahab, “Molvi Sahab, I tried to stop the rascal but he came under the influence of some rogues in Panipat”. Molvi Sahab refrained him from prostrating before him and then listened the whole story.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">He said to Chowdhary Sahib, “By demolishing the house of Omnipotent Allah he has incurred such a wrath that if the Lord puts an end to the whole world it will be justified.” It was just too light a sentence from the Lord that only he is being punished. We too are his servants and we too are a party to that sacrilegious act. We have not discharged our duty of delivering the message of truth to the demolishers of the mosque. Now we can do nothing! Only way out is that you beg for forgiveness from the Lord and we too beg for His forgiveness”. Molvi Sahib added, “During the time we are in the mosque you concentrate towards Lord Almighty and with the broken heart pray for forgiveness. Pray O Lord only you can alleviate my misery”. Chowdhary Sahib fell again on his feet and submitted “If I were that good why would something like this have befallen me. You are close to Him, please do something”. Molvi Sahib said, “You have come to me for help. Now do whatever I say” Chowdhary Sahib tacitly accepted. Molvi Sahib went to the mosque, offered his prayers followed by a short speech and supplication. Molvi Sahib requested everyone to pray for Chowdhary Sahib. At the end of the programme some refreshment was served in the mosque.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Yoginder re-born as Mohammad Omar</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">When people were coming out of the mosque, Lord Almighty had already showered his mercies. Yoginder had covered his body with the turban of his father and was talking to his father as a normal human being. Every one was overjoyed. Imam Sahib of Boowana was delighted and reminded Chowdhary Sahib his promise. He also warned him that if he did not fulfill his commitment Yoginder’s position could be worse. Chowdhary sahib replied “Molvi Sahib my seven generations can not repay your generosity. I am at your disposal”. When Molvi Kalim Sidiqi came to know about this, he advised Imam Sahib that he has not exercised caution in dealing with the situation.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Chowdhary Sahib started moving towards mosque when Yoginder Pal asked, “Father where are you going?” He replied “To embrace Islam”. Yoginder said, “It is me who shall be the Muslism first as I have to construct the Babri Masjid again.” In such a pleasant atmosphere both performed ablutions and recited the Kalima- Islamic Testimony of Faith. Chowdhary Ragubir Singh was named Mohammad Usman and Yoginder Pal Singh was named as Mohammad Omar.<br />Overjoyed Mohammad Usman and Mohammad Omar both went to their village and met the Imam Sahib (cleric) of the small mosque of their village. Imam Sahib gave the good news to Muslims and soon everyone in the area came to know about the episode. Hindus too came to know about this and a meeting of influential members of the community was organized in urgency. In the meeting it was decided that both the persons shall be killed during the night. Otherwise many other’s faith will be at stake. One of the persons present in the meeting informed Molvi Sahib about the plan. With Allah’s blessing both were taken out of village and shifted to Phulat, U.P. A few days later both Mohammad Usman and Mohammad Omar went with Jamaat for forty days course. Later on his mother too embraced Islam. Mohammad Omer was married to an honourable family in Delhi. They have sold their property in the village and set up an industrial unit in Delhi, where all of them live happily now. <i>(to be concluded)</i></span></div>
<div class="by-line" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Translated by Er Rafeek Ahmad</span></div>
<div class="by-line" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div>
<div class="intro" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">B“6th December 1992: Balbir Singh, Vice president Shiv Sena Youth Wing leads the demolition squad and becomes the first person to strike his pickaxe against the central Dome of Babri Masjid. Within minutes the whole structure is razed to ground. 25th June 1993: Balbir Singh takes rebirth as Mohammad Aamir when he embraces Islam (Al-hamdu Lillah) having lived lives and experienced psyches poles apart from each other Mohammad Aamir admonishes the Muslim ummah about their responsibilities and is trying his utmost to awaken them from the slumber they are in. Here is the part II of his story in continuation to part I which appeared in the June issue of CRESCENT.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Pride hath a fall</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">My embracing Islam can not be separated from this story of Mohammad Omar (former Yoginder Pal Singh) which is incomplete yet. On 9th March 1993, my father succumbed to cardiac arrest. He was worried about the demolition of the Babri Masjid and my participation in the demolition. He used to ask my mother: “Why hasn’t Lord given us birth in some Muslim family. Being Muslim we could have been among the oppressed and not the oppressors”. He had advised the family that Balbir shall not attend his funeral. His body shall either be buried or thrown in water and not burned according to the customs of oppressors. He had advised that his body shall not be taken to Hindus crematory. Family members acted as per his will. I came to know about his death eight days later. My heart was broken. After his death the demolition of Babri Masjid seemed to me some gruesome act. I started feeling sorry instead of proud about that. With my heart sunk, whenever I visited my home my mother would cry in memory of my father. She would blame me for hurting the noble soul and subsequent death of my angle like father. Finally I stopped visiting my home.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Encounter with Truth</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">In June 1993, Mohammad Omar (former Yoginder) returned from Jamaat and came to visit me in Panipat. He related to me his story in detail. Since two months I was feeling scared as if something was going to befall me. My father’s tragic death and demolition of Babri Masjid were breaking my heart. The story of Mohammad Omar worried me further. Br. Omar insisted that I should see Molvi Kalim Sidiqi who was arriving in Sonipat on 23rd June. I scheduled the trip but was a little late. Br. Omar had reached early and told Molvi Sahib about me. When I reached there Molvi Sahib received me with love and affection and said, “What ever has happened to Omar (former Yoginder) who sinned at your behest can well be repeated by Almighty Lord with you too. Even if He does not punish anyone in this world the punishment in the eternal life of Hereafter is beyond your imagination”. After being with him for an hour I decided that if I have to save myself from some supernatural disaster I have to embrace Islam. Molvi Sahib was leaving for a two days trip. I expressed my desire to be with him during the trip, which was gladly accepted. One day in Haryana, then Delhi followed by Khorja and back to Phulat after two days. After these two days I was ready to embrace Islam. I expressed my desire to Br. Omar and he gladly conveyed the same to Molvi Sahib. On 25th June 1993 after Zuhar prayer I came within the fold of Islam (alhamdulillah). Mohammad Aamir was the name given to me by Molvi Sahib and he suggested me to remain in Phulat to study Islam and learn prayers, etc.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Family Welcomes my Reversion</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">I expressed my obligations regarding my wife and little child to Molvi Sahib and a house was arranged for me and my family. We continued in Phulat for a few months and constant teaching helped my wife to learn and understand Islam. Thank God she embraced Islam after three months.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">When I told my mother about my reversion to Islam she was very happy and said, “Your father’s soul will rest in peace by this”. She too embraced Islam the same year.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">New Mission</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Brother Omar and myself decided to rehabilitate the abandoned mosques and construct some new one to somehow counter the evil we had incurred by demolishing the Babri Masjid. For smooth functioning, while co-operating with each other, I took the responsibility of rehabilitating the deserted mosques and Brother Omar took the responsibility of constructing new mosques. We have set a target of rehabilitating one hundred deserted mosques and constructing one hundred new mosques. With the grace of Almighty I (the sinner) have been able to rehabilitate thirteen abandoned and forcibly occupied mosques in Haryana, Punjab, Delhi and Meeruth upto 6th December 2004. Brother Omar is ahead of me. He has constructed twenty mosques and laid the foundation of twenty first (See note at the end). We have further decided that at each anniversary of Babri Masjid demolition on 6th December the regular prayers must be started in one deserted mosque and foundation must be laid for one new mosque. Thank God we have maintained this so far but the target of one hundred is yet far off. This year hopefully the progress is better. We are working on eight mosques and hope to rehabilitate those within a few months. Brother Omar is ahead of me. In fact my work is a part of only his work, for he became the reason to lead me out of darkness.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Now-a-days I am running an English medium junior high school with Islamic Studies as a part of our curriculum. In addition to my mother, my elder brother has also embraced Islam now.</span></div>
<h4 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Finally the Message</span></h4>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">My submission to my Muslim brethren is that they should recognize objective of their life and consider Islam as something they owe to humanity. Just being anti-Muslim shall not persuade you for revenge against any one. Based on personal experience I am sure that if all the participants in Babri Masjid demolition whether Shiv Saniks, Bajrang Dal, or any other Hindu know about what Islam is, what a Muslim means, what Quran teaches or what a mosque prepares one for every one of them can think of constructing a mosque. The question of demolition of mosque will not arise.<br />I am sure if leaders like Bal Thakrey Ji, Vinay Katyar, Oma Bharti or Ashok Singhal will come to know about the spirit of Islam and that Islam is their’s too, they will consider themselves fortunate to help reconstruction of Babri Masjid at their expenses.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Some people are notorious for their anti-Muslim attitude and activities but out of one billion Hindus their number will not be even one lac- perhaps one lac is too big a number. The remaining ninety nine crore and ninety nine lac Hindus are just like my father- philanthropists, loving the Islamic principles from the core of their heart. Wasn’t my father a Muslim by nature. I consider my self to be a great sinner being the demolisher of Babri Masjid but even worse are the Muslism whose carelessness and indifference caused my dear father to end in hell. Molvi Sahib speaks with sincerity when he says, “You became, the demolishers of Babri Masjid as you didn’t know Muslims and Islam. You have sinned unknowingly. But Muslims deliberately promote the cause of leading others to hell”. The very idea of my father dying as a rejecter of faith renders my nights sleepless and compels me to resort to sleep inducing drugs.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">I wish Muslims feel my pain.</span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><i>Note : Br. Mohammad Aamir has been kind enough to visit Kashmir along with Allama Kaleem Siddiqui in May 2009. His visit was earlier scheduled last year, but could not materialize. In an interview to Crescent Br. Aamir said that till date 38 new mosques have been constructed by Br. Omar. He and his team have rehabilitated 69 mosques in Haryana, Punjab, Delhi & Meerut. – Editor</i></span></div>
<div class="by-line" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Translated by Er. Rafeek Ahmad</span></div>
<div class="by-line" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></div>
<h1>
<a href="http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article29180.ece?comments=all">Indian atheist </a></h1>
<h1>
<a href="http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article29180.ece?comments=all">Dr. Periyardhsan</a></h1>
<h1>
<a href="http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article29180.ece?comments=all">embraces Islam</a></h1>
<img alt="" class="articleimage" src="http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article29239.ece/REPRESENTATIONS/large_620x350/20100312_SAU_PROF.jpg" title="Dr. Periyadarshan, an Indian professor, became a Muslim at a Dawa center in Riyadh on Thursday. (AN Photo) " /> <br />
<div class="caption" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Dr. Periyardhsan, an Indian professor, became a Muslim at a Dawa center in Riyadh on Thursday. (AN Photo) </span></div>
<div class="col1" style="font-weight: bold;">
<div class="author">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> By <b>MD RASOOLDEEN | ARAB NEWS</b></span> </div>
<div class="dateline">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><b>Published:</b> Mar 12, 2010 23:25 <b>Updated:</b> Mar 13, 2010 18:14 </span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><b>RIYADH: A well-known Indian psychotherapist embraced Islam on Thursday. </b></span><br />
<div class="body">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Dr. Periyadarshan, who has changed his name to Abdullah, told Arab News Friday that Islam is the only religion in the world that follows a book directly revealed from God.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">He said that as a student of comparative religions he believes books of other faiths have not been directly revealed to mankind from God. He said the Holy Qur’an is still in the same format and style as it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) from Almighty Allah.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Dr. Abdullah is a visiting professor at the University of California in Los Angeles.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;">He also acted in the famous Tamil film “Karuthamma” about the killing of newborn baby girls in some remote villages in India. The production received national award from the Indian government. </span><br />
<div style="color: white;">
<span style="font-size: 180%;">“I was well known in India for my atheist theology and later I became to realize that religion is the only way out for human beings both in this world as well as in the hereafter,” he said.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;">Dr. Abdullah will be performing Umrah on Saturday on his first visit to the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-67302743781692246722009-07-10T09:17:00.000-07:002013-01-27T08:24:25.533-08:00FROM VARIOUS RELIGION CONVERTED TO ISLAM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></span></span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 102px;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Layla--murad.gif" title="Jewish actress, Leila Mourad"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="100" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/Layla--murad.gif" width="100" /></a></span> <br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Layla--murad.gif" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> Jewish actress, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila_Mourad" title="Leila Mourad">Leila Mourad</a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Salam" title="Abdullah ibn Salam">Abdullah ibn Salam</a> - 7th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">sahabi</a> said to have been a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> of aristocratic stock. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-151">[152]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibat_Allah_Abu%27l-Barakat_al-Baghdaadi" title="Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi">Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi</a> - influential <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientist</a> who wrote a critique of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelian philosophy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_physics" title="Aristotelian physics">Aristotelian physics</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-152"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-152">[153]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Yahy%C4%81_al-Maghrib%C4%AB_al-Samaw%27al" title="Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al">Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al</a> was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab">Arab</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_mathematician" title="Islamic mathematician">Muslim mathematician</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_astronomy" title="Islamic astronomy">astronomer</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Jews" title="Arab Jews">Jewish descent</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-153"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-153">[154]</a></sup> His father was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew">Jewish</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, but al-Samawʾal converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-154"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-154">[155]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Querido" title="Jacob Querido">Jacob Querido</a> - 17th century successor of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_messiah_claimants" title="List of messiah claimants">self-proclaimed</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew">Jewish</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-155">[156]</a></sup></span> </li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemima_Goldsmith" title="Jemima Goldsmith">Jemima Goldsmith</a> daughter of the billionaire Sir James, that was married to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-156"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-156">[157]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila_Mourad" title="Leila Mourad">Leila Mourad</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer">singer</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actress" title="Actress">actress</a> who rose to fame in the 1940s and 1950s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-157"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-157">[158]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a> (Leopold Weiss) - Viennese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> who visited the Hijaz in the 1930s. Later, after WWII, he became Pakistani ambassador to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-158"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-158">[159]</a></sup>. Also translated the Qur'an into English and wrote several books on Islam. His son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talal_Asad" title="Talal Asad">Talal Asad</a> is an anthropologist at the City University of New York</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Yahy%C4%81_al-Maghrib%C4%AB_al-Samaw%27al" title="Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al">Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_mathematician" title="Islamic mathematician">mathematician</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_astronomy" title="Islamic astronomy">astronomer</a> who wrote critical works on Judaism, his former faith.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-159">[160]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_al-Din" title="Rashid al-Din">Rashid al-Din</a> - 13th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Empire" title="Persian Empire">Persian</a> physician<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-160"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-160">[161]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleyman_Ahmad" title="Suleyman Ahmad">Suleyman Ahmad</a> an American journalist and author<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-161"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-161">[162]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Rafi_Sharif_Bey" title="Sultan Rafi Sharif Bey">Sultan Rafi Sharif Bey</a> (Yale Singer) - a pioneer in the development of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islamic culture in the United States</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-162">[163]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_ibn_Killis" title="Yaqub ibn Killis">Yaqub ibn Killis</a> - 10th century Egyptian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> under the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimids" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-163">[164]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="From_Dharmic_religions" name="From_Dharmic_religions"></a></span><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">From <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmic_religions" title="Dharmic religions">Dharmic religions</a></span></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="From_Buddhism" name="From_Buddhism"></a></span></div>
<h3 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></span></span></h3>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barmakids" title="Barmakids">Barmakid family</a> - originally the guardians of the great Buddhist shrine near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, upon conversion they became "the greatest family" in the early <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_caliphate" title="Abbasid caliphate">Abbasid caliphate</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-164">[165]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Ghazan" title="Mahmud Ghazan">Mahmud Ghazan</a> - seventh ruler of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-165"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-165">[166]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Khodabandeh_%28Oljeitu%29" title="Muhammad Khodabandeh (Oljeitu)">Muhammad Khodabandeh</a> - eighth <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhaid dynasty</a> ruler in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> from 1304 to 1316.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-166"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-166">[167]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubarak_Shah" title="Mubarak Shah">Mubarak Shah</a> - head of the <i>ulus</i> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> (1252–1260, March-September 1266).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-167"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-167">[168]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarmashirin" title="Tarmashirin">Tarmashirin</a> - Khan of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a> following <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duwa_Temur" title="Duwa Temur">Duwa Timur</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-168"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-168">[169]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Ye" title="Hussein Ye">Hussein Ye</a> - An <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> scholar of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> descent whose lectures are frequently aired on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_TV" title="Peace TV">Peace TV</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-169"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-169">[170]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="From_Hinduism" name="From_Hinduism"></a></span></div>
<h3 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> <span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright" style="font-weight: bold;">
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ParameswaraPortrait.jpg" title="Parameswara (sultan) the Palembang prince of Hindu descent."><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="168" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/ParameswaraPortrait.jpg/122px-ParameswaraPortrait.jpg" width="122" /></a></span> <br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ParameswaraPortrait.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara_%28sultan%29" title="Parameswara (sultan)">Parameswara (sultan)</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> descent.</span> prince of </div>
</div>
</div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara_%28sultan%29" title="Parameswara (sultan)">Parameswara</a> - Malay prince of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> descent from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> that founded the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malacca" title="Sultanate of Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</a> around 1402.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-170"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-170">[171]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumita_Devi" title="Sumita Devi">Sumita Devi</a> - Bengali actress and filmmaker.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-171"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-171">[172]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayil_Fazila" title="Vilayil Fazila">Vilayil Fazila</a> - popular <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mappila_songs" title="Mappila songs">Mappila songs</a> singer from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space: nowrap;" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from December 2008">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murshid_Quli_Khan" title="Murshid Quli Khan">Murshid Quli Khan</a> - the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> governor of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-172"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-172">[173]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Kafur" title="Malik Kafur">Malik Kafur</a> - Indian military general.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-173"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-173">[174]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_Pedersen" title="Abdul Wahid Pedersen">Abdul Wahid Pedersen</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> cleric.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-174"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-174">[175]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraman_Perumal_%28Islamic_convert%29" title="Cheraman Perumal (Islamic convert)">Cheraman Perumal</a> - The first Indian king to accept Islam<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-175"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-175">[176]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahaj_Ram_Sapru" title="Sahaj Ram Sapru">Sahaj Ram Sapru</a> - the grandfather of the British-Indian Muslim Philosopher, Sir Dr. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>, who was an official in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> during the administration of the Afghan Governor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Khan" title="Azim Khan">Azim Khan</a>. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-176"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-176">[177]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Das" title="Kamala Das">Kamala Suraiyya</a> <i>(formerly Kamala Das)</i> - Anglo-Malayalam writer<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-177"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-177">[178]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharmila_Tagore" title="Sharmila Tagore">Sharmila Tagore</a> (Begum Ayesha Sultana) - Bollywood film actress.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-178"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-178">[179]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megat_Iskandar_Shah" title="Megat Iskandar Shah">Megat Iskandar Shah</a> - first Muslim ruler of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-179"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-179">[180]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-180"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-180">[181]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabir_Suman" title="Kabir Suman">Kabir Suman</a>- Modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_people" title="Bengali people">Bengali</a> singer & songwriter officially converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> in 2000. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-181"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-181">[182]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansen" title="Tansen">Tansen</a> - Notable musician and poet.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-182"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-182">[183]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-183"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-183">[184]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.R._Rahman" title="A.R. Rahman">A.R. Rahman</a> (stands for Allah Rakha Rahman) - Modern <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Indian" title="South Indian">South Indian</a> singer ,songwriter & Oscar winner officially converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-184">[185]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="From_Sikhism" name="From_Sikhism"></a></span><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></span></span></div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> - religious leader and political activist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-185"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-185">[186]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="Other" name="Other"></a></span></div>
<h2 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="editsection"></span> <span class="mw-headline">Other</span></span></h2>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="From_Paganism" name="From_Paganism"></a></span></div>
<h3 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> <span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></span></span></h3>
<div class="rellink boilerplate seealso" style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sahaba" title="List of Sahaba">List of Sahaba</a></span></div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berke" title="Berke">Berke</a> - grandson of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> and leader of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> who was the first <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> ruler to establish Islam in a Mongol state.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-186"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-186">[187]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a> - from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a>, former <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazi" title="Neo-Nazi">Neo-Nazi</a>-activist<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-187"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-187">[188]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negudar" title="Negudar">Negudar</a> - Mongol general and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyan" title="Noyan">noyan</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-188"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-188">[189]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan">Nogai Khan</a> - Mongol general and great-grandson of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-189"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-189">[190]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samori_Ture" title="Samori Ture">Samori Ture</a> - founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou Empire</a> who resisted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> rule in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-190"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-190">[191]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-191"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-191">[192]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Satuq_Bughra_Khan" title="Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan">Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan</a> - 9th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_people" title="Uyghur people">Uyghur</a> ruler who was one of the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> to convert to Islam.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-192"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-192">[193]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuda_Mengu" title="Tuda Mengu">Tuda Mengu</a> - Mongol leader of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-193"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-193">[194]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="thumb tright" style="font-weight: bold;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Almamy_Samory_Tour%C3%A9.jpg" title="West African leader Samori Ture who fought European colonialism"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="238" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Almamy_Samory_Tour%C3%A9.jpg/180px-Almamy_Samory_Tour%C3%A9.jpg" width="180" /></a></span> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Almamy_Samory_Tour%C3%A9.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> West African leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samori_Ture" title="Samori Ture">Samori Ture</a> who fought European colonialism</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tughlugh_Timur" title="Tughlugh Timur">Tughlugh Timur</a> - the Khan of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moghulistan" title="Moghulistan">Moghulistan</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-194"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-194">[195]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></span></span></div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Ibn_al-Muqaffa" title="Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa">Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa</a> - author and translator of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Kalīla wa Dimna</a></i> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-195"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-195">[196]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naubakht" title="Naubakht">Naubakht</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi">Pahlavi</a> translator of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abassid" title="Abassid">Abassid</a> court.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-196"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-196">[197]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadl_ibn_Sahl" title="Fadl ibn Sahl">Fadl ibn Sahl</a> - Persian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a> of the Abassid era.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-197"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-197">[198]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattanbai_Petit" title="Rattanbai Petit">Rattanbai Petit</a> - second wife of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, the founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saman_Khuda" title="Saman Khuda">Saman Khuda</a> - founder of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanid" title="Samanid">Samanid</a> dynasty, one of the first native <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_people" title="Persian people">Persian</a> dynasties in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> after the collapse of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassanids" title="Sassanids">Sassanids</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-198"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-198">[199]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="From_Atheism" name="From_Atheism"></a></span></div>
<h3 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"> <span class="mw-headline">From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></span></span></h3>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a> <i>(Initially raised Hindu, but was atheist as a teenager until conversion to Islam)</i> - famous Indian music composer<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-199"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-199">[200]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Chengzhi" title="Zhang Chengzhi">Zhang Chengzhi</a> - contemporary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> author; raised as an atheist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-200"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-200">[201]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_le_Gai_Eaton" title="Charles le Gai Eaton">Charles le Gai Eaton</a> - British diplomat and writer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-201"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-201">[202]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Islam" title="Yusuf Islam">Yusuf Islam</a> <i>(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a></i>) - British musician and singer (had a nominally Christian upbringing, but never was a believer)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-202"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-202">[203]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Lang" title="Jeffrey Lang">Jeffrey Lang</a> - American, Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Kansas. (Raised Catholic, but atheist from age 18 to conversion)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-203"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-203">[204]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-204"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-204">[205]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lings" title="Martin Lings">Martin Lings</a> - a widely acclaimed British scholar. He was raised as a Protestant, became an atheist, and later converted to Islam.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-205"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-205">[206]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mos_Def" title="Mos Def">Mos Def</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapper" title="Rapper">rapper</a> and actor. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-206"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-206">[207]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> - The incumbent <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">President of Kazakhstan</a>. Formerly held atheistic views during the Soviet era.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="Undetermined_former_religion" name="Undetermined_former_religion"></a></span></div>
<h3 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">Undetermined former religion</span></span></h3>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_al-Anwar_al-Jerrahi" title="Nur al-Anwar al-Jerrahi">Nur al-Anwar al-Jerrahi</a> (born Lex Hixon) - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretist" title="Syncretist">syncretist</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> convert, and co-founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Ashki_Jerrahi_Sufi_Order" title="Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order">Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-207"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-207">[208]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Abercrombie" title="Thomas J. Abercrombie">Thomas J. Abercrombie</a> -Famous photographer and writer for National Geographic Magazine <a class="external free" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/06/AR2006040602187.html" rel="nofollow" title="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/06/AR2006040602187.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/06/AR2006040602187.html</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edoardo_Agnelli" title="Edoardo Agnelli">Edoardo Agnelli</a> - eldest son of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_Agnelli" title="Gianni Agnelli">Gianni Agnelli</a>, the industrialist patriarch of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a>.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilla_Cram_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nilla Cram Cook (page does not exist)">Nilla Cram Cook</a> - Associate of Mahatma Gandhi <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-208"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-208">[209]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al_Malik_%28rapper%29" title="Abd al Malik (rapper)">Abd al Malik</a> - birth name Régis Fayette-Mikano - French rapper of Congolese origins.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-209"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-209">[210]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumia_Abu-Jamal" title="Mumia Abu-Jamal">Mumia Abu-Jamal</a> - journalist, Black Panther, political activist, and although widely disputed, a convicted murderer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-210"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-210">[211]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-211"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-211">[212]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.G._Knocc_Out" title="B.G. Knocc Out">B.G. Knocc Out</a> - American west coast rapper.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-212"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-212">[213]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Akbar" title="Hasan Akbar">Hasan Akbar</a> (born Mark Fidel Kools) - American sentenced to <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_penalty" title="Death penalty">death</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a> of two fellow soldiers during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-213"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-213">[214]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_B%C3%A9jart" title="Maurice Béjart">Maurice Béjart</a> - French choreographer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-214"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-214">[215]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_%22Kool%22_Bell" title="Robert "Kool" Bell">Robert "Kool" Bell</a> - musician.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-215"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-215">[216]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Bell_%28musician%29" title="Ronald Bell (musician)">Ronald Bell</a> - musician.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-216"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-216">[217]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Knut_Bernstr%C3%B6m" title="Mohammed Knut Bernström">Mohammed Knut Bernström</a> - Swedish ambassador.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-217"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-217">[218]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Edward_Blair" title="Khaled Edward Blair">Khaled Edward Blair</a> - British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a>, later married <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Badiya_bint_Al_Hassan" title="Princess Badiya bint Al Hassan">Princess Badiya bint El Hassan</a> of Jordan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-218"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-218">[219]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Brooks,_Jr." title="Charles Brooks, Jr.">Charles Brooks, Jr.</a> - converted while serving a sentence for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>; first person to be executed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal_injection" title="Lethal injection">lethal injection</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-219"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-219">[220]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">H. Rap Brown</a> - civil rights activisit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-220"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-220">[221]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus_Burckhardt" title="Titus Burckhardt">Titus Burckhardt</a> - Swiss writer and scholar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-221"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-221">[222]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Butler" title="Amir Butler">Amir Butler</a>- author, engineer and Islamic <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist" title="Activist">activist</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-222"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-222">[223]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IceCube_Toronto2006.jpg" title="Ice Cube, famous rapper , actor, screenwriter and director."><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="169" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IceCube_Toronto2006.jpg/150px-IceCube_Toronto2006.jpg" width="150" /></a></span> <br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a>, famous rapper , actor, screenwriter and director.</span></div>
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</div>
<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9rim_Chatty" title="Kérim Chatty">Kérim Chatty</a>- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> bodybuilding stuntman who was once suspected of attempted hijacking. The preliminary inquiry was dropped. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbc_223-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-bbc-223">[224]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_%28rapper%29" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a> - American rapper.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_224-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-autogenerated2-224">[225]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Courtney" title="Jill Courtney">Jill Courtney</a> - Australian, girlfriend of convicted killer and drug trafficker <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Kalache&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hassan Kalache (page does not exist)">Hassan Kalache</a>, arrested on 26 March 2006 for attempted murder of unnamed people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-225"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-225">[226]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-226"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-226">[227]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-227"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-227">[228]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Crane" title="Robert D. Crane">Robert D. Crane</a> - former Presidential advisor and ambassador.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-228"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-228">[229]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Cube" title="Ice Cube">Ice Cube</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangsta_rapper" title="Gangsta rapper">Gangsta rapper</a> and actor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-229"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-229">[230]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Denard" title="Bob Denard">Bob Denard</a> - French mercenary.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-230"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-230">[231]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Mark_Deskovic" title="Jeffrey Mark Deskovic">Jeffrey Mark Deskovic</a> - served 15-year wrongful imprisonment sentence.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-231"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-231">[232]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Eberhardt" title="Isabelle Eberhardt">Isabelle Eberhardt</a> - explorer and writer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-232"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-232">[233]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_omar_Rolf_von_Ehrenfels" title="Baron omar Rolf von Ehrenfels">Baron omar Rolf von Ehrenfels</a> - Austrian anthropologist and orientalist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-233"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-233">[234]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everlast_%28musician%29" title="Everlast (musician)">Everlast</a> - Irish-American rapper and singer-songwriter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-234"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-234">[235]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alys_Faiz" title="Alys Faiz">Alys Faiz</a> - human rights and peace activist;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-235"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-235">[236]</a></sup> converted at the time of her marriage to Urdu poet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faiz_Ahmed_Faiz" title="Faiz Ahmed Faiz">Faiz Ahmed Faiz</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-236"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-236">[237]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Fort" title="Jeff Fort">Jeff Fort</a> - former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> gang leader, co-founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_P._Stones" title="Black P. Stones">Black P. Stones</a><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Rukn" title="El Rukn">El Rukn</a> faction. He was convicted in 1987 of conspiring with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> to perform acts of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism" title="Domestic terrorism">domestic terrorism</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AP87_237-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-AP87-237">[238]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-238"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-238">[239]</a></sup> gang, and founder of its </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaton_%28rapper%29" title="Akhenaton (rapper)">Philippe Fragione</a> - French rapper and producer of French hip hop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-239"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-239">[240]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Ganczarski" title="Christian Ganczarski">Christian Ganczarski</a>- Head of "<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda" title="Al Qaeda">al Qaeda</a> in Europe".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-240"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-240">[241]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_Grenier" title="Philippe Grenier">Philippe Grenier</a> - (1865–1944) French doctor, first and only Muslim MP in France.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-241"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-241">[242]</a></sup>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-242"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-242">[243]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigi_Gryce" title="Gigi Gryce">Gigi Gryce</a> - American saxophonist, flutist, clarinetist, composer, arranger, and educator.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-243"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-243">[244]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Hazzard" title="Walt Hazzard">Walt Hazzard</a> - former NBA player.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-244"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-244">[245]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hicks" title="David Hicks">David Hicks</a> - convicted Australian terrorist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-245"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-245">[246]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim_Yew_Hock" title="Lim Yew Hock">Lim Yew Hock</a> - Singapore’s second Chief Minister from 1956 to 1959.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-246"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-246">[247]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Hodges" title="Craig Hodges">Craig Hodges</a> - former NBA player.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-247"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-247">[248]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Hooper" title="Ibrahim Hooper">Ibrahim Hooper</a> (Douglas Hooper) - Islamic activist, spokesman for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_American-Islamic_Relations" title="Council on American-Islamic Relations">CAIR</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-248"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-248">[249]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Ibrahim" title="Abdullah Ibrahim">Abdullah Ibrahim</a> - South African Jazz musician.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-249"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-249">[250]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Islam" title="Umar Islam">Umar Islam</a> - one of the suspects arrested in the UK in connection to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_terrorist_plot" title="2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot">2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_converts_250-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-BBC_converts-250">[251]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ul_Salih" title="Malik ul Salih">Malik ul Salih</a> - established the first Muslim state of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samudera_Pasai" title="Samudera Pasai">Samudera Pasai</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-251"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-251">[252]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiara_Jacquelina" title="Tiara Jacquelina">Tiara Jacquelina</a> - Malaysian actress.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-252"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-252">[253]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Jamal" title="Ahmad Jamal">Ahmad Jamal</a> - Jazz pianist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-253"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-253">[254]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Janszoon" title="Jan Janszoon">Jan Janszoon</a> - Dutch pirate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-254"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-254">[255]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Johnson_%28basketball%29" title="Larry Johnson (basketball)">Larry Johnson</a> - retired American professional basketball player.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-255"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-255">[256]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave-Henri_Jossot" title="Gustave-Henri Jossot">Gustave-Henri Jossot</a> - French caricaturist, illustrator and Orientalist painter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-256"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-256">[257]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Khodov" title="Vladimir Khodov">Vladimir Khodov</a> - leader of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beslan_school_hostage_crisis" title="Beslan school hostage crisis">Beslan school hostage crisis</a>- converted in prison.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-257"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-257">[258]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al_Haqq_Kielan" title="Abd al Haqq Kielan">Abd al Haqq Kielan</a> - Swedish cleric.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-258"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-258">[259]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostface_Killah" title="Ghostface Killah">Ghostface Killah</a> - member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-Tang_Clan" title="Wu-Tang Clan">Wu-Tang Clan</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_224-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-autogenerated2-224">[225]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Om_Habibeh_Aga_Khan" title="Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan">Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan</a> - born Yvette Blanche Labrousse, Miss France 1930, wife of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aga_Khan_III" title="Aga Khan III">Aga Khan III</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-259"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-259">[260]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusef_Lateef" title="Yusef Lateef">Yusef Lateef</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musician</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-260"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-260">[261]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_von_Leers" title="Johann von Leers">Johann von Leers</a> - advisor to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib" title="Muhammad Naguib">Muhammad Naguib</a> known for his anti-Semitic polemics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-261"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-261">[262]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-262"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-262">[263]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-263"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-263">[264]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Legenhausen" title="Gary Legenhausen">Gary Legenhausen</a> - American philosopher and writer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-264"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-264">[265]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Mayfield" title="Brandon Mayfield">Brandon Mayfield</a> - American attorney-at-law, was erroneously linked to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Madrid_train_bombings" title="2004 Madrid train bombings">2004 Madrid train bombings</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-265"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-265">[266]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC_Ren" title="MC Ren">MC Ren</a> - American rapper and hip-hop producer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-266"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-266">[267]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Shaheed_Muhammad" title="Ali Shaheed Muhammad">Ali Shaheed Muhammad</a> - member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tribe_Called_Quest" title="A Tribe Called Quest">A Tribe Called Quest</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-267"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-267">[268]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_Muhammad" title="Idris Muhammad">Idris Muhammad</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musician</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-268"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-268">[269]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Allen_Muhammad" title="John Allen Muhammad">John Allen Muhammad</a> - convicted serial killer, known as the <i>Beltway Sniper</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-269"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-269">[270]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-270"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-270">[271]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mundine" title="Anthony Mundine">Anthony Mundine</a> - Australian Boxer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-271"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-271">[272]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Alim_Musa" title="Abdul Alim Musa">Abdul Alim Musa</a> - Muslim activist and director of Masjid Al-Islam in Washington, D.C.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-272"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-272">[273]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Osthoff" title="Susanne Osthoff">Susanne Osthoff</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologist" title="Archaeologist">archaeologist</a> who had worked in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> since 1991 and had been taken captive there for three weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-273"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-273">[274]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Padilla_%28prisoner%29" title="José Padilla (prisoner)">José Padilla</a> - the respondent in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumsfeld_v._Padilla" title="Rumsfeld v. Padilla">Rumsfeld v. Padilla</a> currently on trial as an alleged <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaida" title="Al-Qaida">al-Qaida</a> operative, converted while in prison for aggravated assault.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-274"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-274">[275]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokollu_Mehmet_Pa%C5%9Fa" title="Sokollu Mehmet Paşa">Sokollu Mehmet Paşa</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizier" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Samarcic_275-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-Samarcic-275">[276]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Paul" title="Christopher Paul">Christopher Paul</a> (aka Paul Kenyatta Laws aka Abdulmalek Kenyatta) - American citizen, alleged member of al-Qaeda.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-276"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-276">[277]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-277"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-277">[278]</a></sup></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg" title="Swiss explorer, Isabelle Eberhardt"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="183" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg/180px-Isabelle_Eberhardt.jpg" width="180" /></a></span> <br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a> explorer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Eberhardt" title="Isabelle Eberhardt">Isabelle Eberhardt</a></span></div>
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<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_John_Pelham,_8th_Earl_of_Yarborough" title="Charles John Pelham, 8th Earl of Yarborough">Charles John Pelham</a> (Abdul Mateen), 8th <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Yarborough" title="Earl of Yarborough">Earl of Yarborough</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-278"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-278">[279]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-Tip_%28rapper%29" title="Q-Tip (rapper)">Q-Tip</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">hip-hop emcee</a>, actor, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">producer</a> who was the leader of the critically acclaimed group A Tribe Called Quest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-279"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-279">[280]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Muhammad_Qawi" title="Dwight Muhammad Qawi">Dwight Muhammad Qawi</a> - former boxing world heavyweight champion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-280"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-280">[281]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Roche" title="Jack Roche">Jack Roche</a> - convicted of involvement in an al-Qaeda plot to blow up the Israeli embassy in Canberra.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-281"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-281">[282]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_%28Ilich_Ram%C3%ADrez_S%C3%A1nchez%29" title="Carlos (Ilich Ramírez Sánchez)">Ilich Ramírez Sánchez</a> - aka "Carlos the Jackal", convicted murderer and terrorist, currently in prison in France.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-282"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-282">[283]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Savant" title="Ibrahim Savant">Ibrahim Savant</a> - one of the suspects arrested in the UK in connection to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_converts_250-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-BBC_converts-250">[251]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frithjof_Schuon" title="Frithjof Schuon">Frithjof Schuon</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysician</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painter</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> (in the original and Platonic sense of this term), and a leading figure of the perennialist school.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-283">[284]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz_%28journalist%29" title="Stephen Schwartz (journalist)">Stephen Schwartz</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">columnist</a>, and author.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-284"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-284">[285]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick_Shareef" title="Derrick Shareef">Derrick Shareef</a>- charged in a plot to set off four hand grenades in garbage cans 22 December at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CherryVale_Mall" title="CherryVale Mall">CherryVale Mall</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford, Illinois</a> during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> rush.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-285"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-285">[286]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahib_Shihab" title="Sahib Shihab">Sahib Shihab</a> - jazz saxophonist and flautist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-286"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-286">[287]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Styler" title="Divine Styler">Divine Styler</a> - American hip-hop musician.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-287"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-287">[288]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahshid_Sulaiman" title="Nahshid Sulaiman">Nahshid Sulaiman</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_hip_hop" title="Alternative hip hop">alternative hip hop</a> artist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-288"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-288">[289]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apisai_Tora" title="Apisai Tora">Apisai Tora</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fijian</a> politician.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-289"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-289">[290]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tyson" title="Mike Tyson">Mike Tyson</a> (<i>Malik Abdul Aziz</i>) - former heavyweight boxing champion of the world. Converted while in prison after being convicted of rape.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-290"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-290">[291]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-291"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-291">[292]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Waheed" title="Abdul Waheed">Abdul Waheed</a> (Don Stewart-Whyte) - accused of participating in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_transatlantic_aircraft_plot" title="2006 transatlantic aircraft plot">2006 transatlantic aircraft plot</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-292"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-292">[293]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-293"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-293">[294]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Walters" title="Jason Walters">Jason Walters</a> - of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstad_Network" title="Hofstad Network">Hofstad Network</a>, convicted on charges of terrorism.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-294"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-294">[295]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ward_%28pirate%29" title="John Ward (pirate)">John Ward</a> - (changed name to Yusuf Reis) British corsair and pirate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-295"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-295">[296]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakan_Ben_Williams" title="Rakan Ben Williams">Rakan Ben Williams</a> - suspected member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> terrorist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-296"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-296">[297]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wolfe" title="Michael Wolfe">Michael Wolfe</a> - American poet, author, and the President and Executive Producer of <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unity_Productions_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unity Productions Foundation (page does not exist)">Unity Productions Foundation</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-297"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-297">[298]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-298"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-298">[299]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_X" title="Michael X">Michael X</a> - <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> activist in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-299"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-299">[300]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Chambers" title="Yusuf Chambers">Yusuf Chambers</a> - U.K. based <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%27ee" title="Da'ee">Da'ee</a> of international fame. Yusuf Chambers is a young preacher from London, has greatly involved himself in many organizations in U.K. and outside like Peace TV, Islam Channel, Al-Jumuah magazine, Unity TV etc</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;">Andrea H - canadian non-believer to islam</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6559156820024537659" id="Disputed_or_forced_conversions" name="Disputed_or_forced_conversions"></a></span></div>
<h2 style="font-weight: bold;">
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="mw-headline">Disputed or forced conversions</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FrancisBok.jpg" title="Francis Bok a Sudanese ex-slave forced to convert to Islam"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="114" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/FrancisBok.jpg/100px-FrancisBok.jpg" width="100" /></a></span> <br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bok" title="Francis Bok">Francis Bok</a></span> a Sudanese ex-slave forced to convert to Islam</div>
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<ul style="font-weight: bold;">
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahdad_incident" title="Allahdad incident">Anusim of Meshhad</a>, Jewish community in 1839. Most continued Jewish practices in secret and many of their descendents returned to Judaism in the early 20th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Patai_300-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-Patai-300">[301]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bok" title="Francis Bok">Francis Bok</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudanese</a>-<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America" title="United States of America">American</a> activist, from Christianity; later returned to his Christian faith.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-301"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-301">[302]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Centanni" title="Steve Centanni">Steve Centanni</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Wiig" title="Olaf Wiig">Olaf Wiig</a> - while Ramattan TV showed footage of the two converting, both denied the conversion, explaining they had made statements on a gunpoint.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-release_302-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-release-302">[303]</a></sup> Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi, professor of sociology and history at the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a>, also denies that any valid conversion took place.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-303"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-303">[304]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ben_Judah_ibn_Aknin" title="Joseph ben Judah ibn Aknin">Joseph ben Judah ibn Aknin</a> - 12th century Jewish philosopher, forcibly converted by <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almohads" title="Almohads">Almohads</a>, lived as <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto-Jew" title="Crypto-Jew">crypto-Jew</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-304"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-304">[305]</a></sup></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbatai_Zevi" title="Sabbatai Zevi">Sabbatai Zevi</a> - convert from Judaism, 17th century mystic, pseudo-Messiah and the self-proclaimed "King of Jews". Converted ostensibly of his own free will as "Aziz Mehmed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effendi" title="Effendi">Effendi</a>", in 15 September 1666 while in prison. Although, some speculate that he may have been executed for treason had he not converted,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Scholem_305-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-Scholem-305">[306]</a></sup> Muslim authorities were opposed to his death.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-306"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-306">[307]</a></sup> He lived his remaining ten years as a public Muslim favoured by the Sultan. Some of his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabbateans" title="Sabbateans">Sabbatean</a> followers became the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donmeh" title="Donmeh">Donmeh</a>, who behave externally as Muslims.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Frank" title="Jacob Frank">Jacob Frank</a> - publicly converted to Islam in 1757<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Scholem_305-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_converts_to_Islam#cite_note-Scholem-305">[306]</a></sup> and to Christianity in Poland but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbatai_Zevi" title="Shabbatai Zevi">Shabbatai Zevi</a>'s Messianism.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a>-nominated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> actor who has starred in many <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood">Hollywood</a> films. He converted formally to Islam in the 1960s to marry a Muslim woman, however at present he does not follow any religion</span></li>
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LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-49770284213225470552009-07-10T09:00:00.000-07:002013-06-24T11:09:23.947-07:00CHURCHES CONVERTED TO MOSQUE ( MASJID )<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">This Mosque is
converted from a Church </span>-- it is still even shown as a church on the OS
Get-a-Map. The change of use is evidence of the way demographics in the
area have altered in the last 30 years.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Central Mosque, Wembley</b></span> </b></span> </div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o9i0mNLY8hA/UcX8Sn7FFQI/AAAAAAAAAYY/vHGughqvx18/s1600/273451_1a434aa7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o9i0mNLY8hA/UcX8Sn7FFQI/AAAAAAAAAYY/vHGughqvx18/s400/273451_1a434aa7.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
</h1>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
Muslims Converting Empty European Churches into Mosques</h1>
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<b>
by <a href="http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/author/Soeren+Kern">Soeren Kern</a><br />
January 16, 2012 at 5:00 am</b></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Muslims in Europe are increasingly converting empty Christian churches into mosques.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The proliferation of mosques housed in former churches reflects the
rise of Islam as the fastest growing religion in post-Christian Europe.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>There are now more practicing Muslims than practicing Christians in
many parts of Europe, not only in large urban centers, but also in
smaller towns and cities across the continent.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Central Mosque, Wembley </b></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> </b></span></b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ecf_PW6ar2Q/UciFvW2wMCI/AAAAAAAAAY4/1aslccM1sdk/s1600/MASJ.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ecf_PW6ar2Q/UciFvW2wMCI/AAAAAAAAAY4/1aslccM1sdk/s400/MASJ.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></span> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>As Islam replaces Christianity as the dominant religion in Europe,
more and more churches are set to become mosques, which increasingly
serve not only as religious institutions but also function as the
foundational political building blocks for the establishment of
separate, parallel Muslim communities in Europe that are based on
Islamic Sharia law.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The latest churches destined to become mosques are located in
Germany, where the Roman Catholic Church has announced plans to close up
to six churches in Duisburg, an industrial city in northwestern part of
the country, due to falling church attendance.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Duisburg, which has a total population of 500,000, is home to around
100,000 mostly Turkish Muslims, making it one of the most Islamized
cities in Germany.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Muslims in Duisburg are now clamoring to <a href="http://www.derwesten.de/region/rhein_ruhr/katholiken-fordern-von-overbeck-erhalt-ihrer-kirchen-id6213151.html">turn empty churches in the city into mosques</a>, according to the Germany daily newspaper, <i>Der Westen</i>.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>All of the churches slated for closing are located in the gritty
Hamborn and Marxloh districts in northern Duisburg where Islam has
already replaced Christianity as the dominant religion, and where
several Catholic churches have already been abandoned in a previous
round of church closings.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In Marxloh, all eyes are set on the <a href="http://www.peter-und-paul-marxloh.de/">Church of Saint Peter and Paul</a>,
which is the last remaining church in a part of Duisburg that is now
almost completely Muslim. The church may be closed as early as the end
of January 2012.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Marxloh also happens to be home to the <a href="http://www.ditib-du.de/">Duisburg Merkez Mosque</a>,
the largest mosque in Germany. Completed in 2008 at a cost of more than
€7.5 million ($10 million), the Ottoman-style mega-mosque can
accommodate more than 1,200 Muslim worshippers at a time.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Merkez now wants to turn the churches in Hamborn and Marxloh into
mosques and prayer centers that would serve as extensions of the
mega-mosque. According to the chairman of the Merkez Mosque, <a href="http://www.derwesten.de/region/duisburger-muslime-kaempfen-fuer-katholische-kirche-id6207963.html">Mohammed Al</a>, "Regardless of whether it is a church or a mosque, it is a house of God."</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In addition to Roman Catholic churches, some Protestant churches have also been <a href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/aus-kirchen-werden-moscheen/1061272.html">converted into mosques</a> in Germany, where the Muslim population has jumped from around 50,000 in the early 1980s to more than 4 million today.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In Germany as a whole, more than 400 Roman Catholic churches and more than 100 Protestant churches have been closed since 2000, <a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchenschlie%C3%9Fung">according to one estimate</a>. Another 700 Roman Catholic churches are slated to be closed over the next several years.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>By contrast, there are now more than 200 mosques (including more than
40 mega-mosques), 2,600 Muslim prayer halls and a countless number
unofficial mosques in Germany. Another 128 mosques are currently under
construction, according to the <a href="http://www.islamarchiv.de/">Zentralinstitut Islam-Archiv</a>, a Muslim organization based in Germany.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In neighboring France, mosques are being built more often than Roman
Catholic churches, and there now are more practicing Muslims in the
country than practicing Catholics.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Nearly 150 new mosques are currently under construction in France, home to the biggest Muslim community in Europe.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The total number of mosques in France has already doubled to more
than 2,000 during just the past ten years, according to a research
report, "<a href="http://dare.uva.nl/document/124687">Constructing Mosques: The Governance of Islam in France and the Netherlands</a>." The rector of the <a href="http://www.mosquee-de-paris.org/">Grand Mosque of Paris</a>, Dalil Boubakeur, has called for the <a href="http://www.francesoir.fr/actualite/societe/dalil-boubakeur-">number of mosques in the country to be doubled again</a> -- to 4,000 -- to meet growing demand.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>By contrast, the Roman Catholic Church in France has built only 20
new churches during the past decade, and has formally closed more than
60 churches, many of which are destined to become mosques, according to
research conducted by <a href="http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/S-informer/Actualite/La-nouvelle-carte-des-lieux-de-culte-_NG_-2006-10-25-517264">La Croix</a>, a Roman Catholic daily newspaper based in Paris.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Although 64% of the French population (or 41.6 million of France's 65
million inhabitants) identifies itself as Roman Catholic, only 4.5% (or
1.9 million) of those actually are practicing Catholics, according to
the <a href="http://www.ifop.com/media/pressdocument/43-1-document_file.pdf">French Institute of Public Opinion</a> (or Ifop, as it is usually called).</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>By way of comparison, 75% (or 4.5 million) of the estimated 6 million
mostly ethnic North African and sub-Saharan Muslims in France identify
themselves as "believers" and 41% (or 2.5 million) say they are
"practicing" Muslims, according to an in-depth <a href="http://www.ifop.com/media/pressdocument/343-1-document_file.pdf">research report on Islam in France</a> published by Ifop.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Taken together, the research data provides empirical evidence that
Islam is well on its way to overtaking Roman Catholicism as the dominant
religion in France.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In Britain, <a href="http://www.jihadwatch.org/2004/01/muslim-britain-more-people-attend-mosques-than-church-of-england.html">Islam has overtaken Anglicanism</a>
as the dominant religion as more people attend mosques than the Church
of England. According to one survey, 930,000 Muslims attend a place of
worship at least once a week, whereas only 916,000 Anglicans do the
same.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Muslim leaders are now claiming that, given such a rise of Islam in
Britain, Muslims should receive a share of the privileged status of the
Church of England.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Overall, at least 10,000 churches have been closed in Britain since
1960, including 8,000 Methodist churches and 1,700 Anglican churches.
Another 4,000 churches are set to be closed by 2020, according to <a href="http://christian-research.org/">Christian Research</a>, an organization that tracks religious trends in Britain.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>By contrast, there are now more than 1,700 official mosques in Britain, <a href="http://thegreenarrow.co.uk/extras/videos-4-u/999-churches-converted-to-mosques">many converted from former churches</a>.
In addition, there are an estimated 2,000 Muslim prayer halls and
unknown thousands of unofficial mosques in garages or warehouses
scattered throughout the country.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Islam is set to displace Christianity in Britain even further in the years ahead. The number of Muslims in Britain is <a href="http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx">forecast to double to 5.5 million</a>, or 8% of the total British population, by 2030, according to the Washington, DC-based Pew Research Center.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>British Prime Minister David Cameron, in a December 2011 <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-16224394">speech in Oxford</a> on the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible, said Britain is a "Christian country and we should not be afraid to say so."</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>But the official <a href="http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/citizenshipsurvey200910race">Citizenship Survey</a>
published on December 21 found that the number of people who call
themselves Christians in England and Wales fell by nearly 10% over the
past five years.</b></span><br />
<div style="margin: 10px 0 0 0;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://thegreenarrow.co.uk/extras/videos-4-u/999-churches-converted-to-mosques"> Churches converted to Mosques</a></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Created: Monday, 28 December 2009 12:05 Author: Green Arrow </span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Something for you cloud cuckoo Christians to think about. These are just a few of the thousands of Churches and Chapels that have been converted to mosques in Our Country.</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/aT9UqgtUEFU&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/aT9UqgtUEFU&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br />Church converted into a Mosque, formally a church built by Henry Wright on November 28 in 1886 and the structure has been standing over 120 years. This church now a Mosque attracts large number of Muslim followers to this Islamic Worship centre in Forest Gate in East London.<br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/W-s9wsNZq1g&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/W-s9wsNZq1g&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br /><br />Church converted into a Mosque - Central Mosque of Brent previously a Church converted into a Mosque attracts thousands of followers of Islam to the mosque every week. The Mosque is close to Kilburn and Cricklewood train or underground stations in London near NW2 6DS close to Howard Road. The chairman of the Mosque is Mohammed Sadeez. The structure was built around the 18th century to accommodate the Christian community in London however as migrants arrive in United Kingdom the Demographics have changed and the church has been converted into a mosque.<br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/qymYbqMbbhM&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qymYbqMbbhM&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br /><br />Church converted into a Mosque - Formerly St. Marks Cathedral; the New Peckham Mosque was established in 1982 by Sheikh Nazim Kibrisi may Allah be pleased with him. The New Peckham Mosque is a registered charity (Charity No: 1003131) which offers a range of services under the supervision of Imam Muharrem Atlig and Imam Hasan Basri Yekeler. The Mosque is located near Burgess Park and the London underground can be used to travel to the Mosque,<br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/-5UAYGWFEFU&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/-5UAYGWFEFU&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br /><br />A church converted into a Mosque, the Wembley Central Mosque is located in the heart of Wembley just close to Wembley Park Station which can be reached on the Bakerloo line. The mosque is in Middlesex near west London just off harrow and Uxbridge. The area has a large Muslim community and many shops there are owned by Muslim shop keepers. The Mosque was formally a Church but now is converted into a Mosque after large immigration of Muslims.<br /><br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/DzWu_8M1_dM&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DzWu_8M1_dM&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br />A church converted into a mosque was also once a Synagogue, the church was built in 1743 the structure is over 250 years old and is now a mosque. The building that houses the Jamme Masjid, as has often been remarked, represents the history of successive communities of immigrants into London; from this point of view it may be called one of the most remarkable and evocative buildings in the area and one of London's architectural and historic treasures. In 1743 the building was Built as a French Protestant Church and by 1819 it became a Methodist Chapel by 1898 the Chapel was converted into the Spitalfields Great Synagogue and after large Muslims immigrants arrive 1976 which was then Synagogue was converted into the The Brick Lane Jamme Masjid.<br /><br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/2_AClQ3l9qs&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2_AClQ3l9qs&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br />Church Converted Into a Mosque Since its establishment of the Green Lane Mosque in Birmingham in the early 70's, the Masjid Mosque has gone through numerous phases of development and progress. The building itself has become a landmark of the area and is well-known to all, with a colorful history behind the structure.<br />The Green Lane Mosque is based in Birmingham and is one of the Biggest and well known mosques in United Kingdom.<br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/q-M3WqLZeE0&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/q-M3WqLZeE0&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br /><br />The Didsbury Mosque and Islamic Centre is located on Burton Road, West Didsbury in Manchester, England. The building was originally the Albert Park Methodist Chapel, which opened for worship in 1883, but in 1962 the church closed and was later converted to a Mosque. It has an attendance of around 1,000 people a day.<br /><object data="http://www.youtube.com/v/jIrtguUBRqQ&hl=en&fs=1" style="height: 240px; width: 320px;" title="JoomlaWorks AllVideos Player" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/jIrtguUBRqQ&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="quality" value="high"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgcolor" value="#010101"></object><br /><br />The former Trinity Wesleyan Methodist Church on Waterloo Street and Bismarck Street, Oldham.<br />The Church was eventually purchased by the Muslim community in Oldham and was converted to a Mosque</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>===============</b></span><br />
<br />
<h1>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/60705/as-us-congregations-shrink-more-churches-turned-into-condos-but-not-mosques/" rel="bookmark" title="Permalink to As US Congregations Shrink, More Churches Turned Into Condos (& Mosques)">As US Congregations Shrink, More Churches </a></span></h1>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Turned Into Condos (& Mosques)</span></h1>
By <b><a href="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/" target="_blank">Debbie Schlussel </a></b><span style="font-size: small;">March 27, 2013, - 12:01 pm</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The continued acceptance of gay marriage isn’t the only sign that
America is losing the culture and religious wars. The growing number of
former churches (most of them Catholic) being turned into condos is
another. I’ve already noted that several Catholic churches and former
convents and nunneries in the Detroit area have been <a href="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/2556/on-the-edge-of-hamtrackstan-a-sad-sign-of-the-times/" target="_blank">bought by Muslims and converted into mosques</a>.
That’s sad. Also sad are the growing numbers of churches across
America which go out of business and are converted to dwellings. The <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324001104578163303753632508.html" target="_blank">Wall Street Journal</a>,
last year, lauded this “architectural development” as a high brow
lifestyle move. But it is, instead, a stark, sad sign of the defeat of
Western religion and Western society. On top of being completely
disrespectful, it’s tragic.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Is Your Church Now Someone’s Living Room . . .</b></span>
<br />
<center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/churchhomeconversions2.jpg"><img alt="churchhomeconversions2" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-60709" height="336" src="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/churchhomeconversions2.jpg" width="440" /></a></b></span></center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>or Mosque?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span>
<br />
<center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><img alt="churchtomosque2.jpg" height="266" src="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/archives/churchtomosque2.jpg" width="400" /> </b></span></center>
<center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span></center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>While much of the buzz surrounding the new Pope has died down, there
are many cultural signs beyond the statistics that illuminate the
challenges he faces as Catholicism dies out in places like the United
States. I mentioned that when he was Cardinal in Argentina, the
country’s active Catholic population shrank to below 20% (Argentina has a
94% Catholic population, but less than 20% are actually religious now,
and the rest are lapsed) while its Muslim population doubled. We’ve
seen a similar trend in America, and it is largely mirrored throughout
the Western world. And the conversion of churches to homes across not
only the U.S., but also the Western world is a stark reminder of it.
Ask yourself how many mosques you’ve seen close up shop and be converted
into condos in America or the UK. I bet you can think of few, if any,
examples. And that’s the point here. Western religions are dying while
Islam grows and we do nothing to stop the Islamic threat.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>While the number of mosques in America has doubled since 9/11, the
number of Catholic churches that have closed since then in America is in
the thousands and there has been about a 10% shrinkage in the number of
Catholic churches in America since the attacks. And that’s just
Catholic churches. Other churches are seeing similar numbers, and they
are all shrinking, and the number of synagogues is also decreasing.
Some synagogues are also being converted to homes, even though it’s
technically against Jewish law. You just don’t see this with mosques
because, sadly, Islam is winning the war of the minds. You don’t have
to play chess to understand that the rest of us are losing the long-term
match.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span>
<blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>[There are] a number of church-to-home luxury conversions
popping up around the country. As dozens of churches close or move to
different quarters each year, they’re finding second lives as condo
developments and townhouses.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The conversion process is growing more common as shrinking
congregations and shifting demographics have made it difficult for some
congregations to stay afloat financially. According to a March report
from CoStar Group, a real-estate research firm, 138 church-owned
properties across the country were sold by banks last year, compared
with 24 three years earlier.<span id="more-60705"></span></b></span><br />
<center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
</center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Synagogue Now Someone’s Pad . . .</b></span>
<br />
<center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/synagoguehomeconversion.jpg"><img alt="synagoguehomeconversion" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-60710" height="345" src="http://www.debbieschlussel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/synagoguehomeconversion.jpg" width="512" /></a></b></span></center>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Roman Catholic Church, for example, has closed hundreds of
churches in recent years. In 2000, there were 19,236 Roman Catholic
parishes across the U.S.; that figure fell to 17,644 by 2012, according
to the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate, a nonprofit
research organization that compiles church statistics. United Methodists
have seen the number of churches shrink by about 7% over the past
decade or so, with 300 to 400 churches closing or merging each year. In
2000, United Methodists had 35,537 churches, compared with 33,069 in
2011. . . . </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>In the Boston area, more than a dozen churches have been converted to
residential projects over the past decade or so. That’s in part because
there has been a steady supply. The Archdiocese of Boston closed 76
parishes in the metro area under a 2004 consolidation plan, selling 38
of those for just over $73 million. (To signify that a church is no
longer a church, the archbishop signs a decree that relegates the
building to “profane use.”)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>One of the churches closed was a Tudor-style church called St.
Aidan’s in Brookline, Mass., where John F. Kennedy and Robert Kennedy
were both baptized. It reopened in 2009 as a residential project. . . .</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The adaptive reuse of churches has become a popular practice in other
countries, like the U.K. In 2006, the Royal Institution of Chartered
Surveyors found that since 2001, about 500 churches in London alone had
been converted into homes.</b></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Say good-bye, America and Europe. We won’t see it our lifetime, but a
few generations from now it won’t just be the end of the church (and
synagogue) and the embrace of gay marriage in Western civilization that
will do us in. It will be that the religion whose houses of worship are
only growing in number (instead of being converted into upscale places
to live)–Islam–will fill the void. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>That’s already happening. While we are asleep at the switch,
dismantling Western civilization at the Supreme Court . . . and the
skyline of your city. In the war of architecture, just as in the
spiritual war, we are losing.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>And guess who’s having the last laugh?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span>
<center>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
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LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-89964564714634966952009-07-10T08:50:00.000-07:002013-06-23T11:11:45.589-07:00ONGOING MASJID WORKS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 180%;">When Prophet Mohammed (PBUH)<br />arrived in Madinah,<br />the first act he performed was<br />the building of a Masjid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><br />From the events of the emigration to Madinah, it is clear that the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) never stayed in any place unless he built a Masjid therein for the believers to gather. He built the Qubaa Masjid when he stayed there for four days. He also built a Masjid between Qubaa and Madinah when the time of the Friday prayer came while he was in the residence of the tribe of Salimibn Auf in the heart of Ranonaa’ Valley.<br /><br />When he arrived in Madinah, the first act he performed was the building of a Masjid.<br /><br />This indicates the importance of a Masjids in Islam. All acts of worship (ibadah) in Islam are for the purification of the soul, refinement of morals, and strengthening the ties of mutual cooperation among the Muslims. The congregational prayers and the Friday and Eid prayers are strong examples of the nature of the Muslim community and in the unity of their opinions, goals and cooperation in achieving righteousness and in fearing Allah.<br /><br />Thus, if this is the case with the acts of worship, it is no wonder that Masjids carry a great social and spiritual place in the lives of the Muslims. The Masjid is the thing which unites them and their efforts. It refines their souls and awakens their minds and hearts. It solves their problems. The Masjid shows their strength and cohesiveness.<br /><br /><br />Is it not true that Abu Bakr (RA), `Umar (RA), `Uthman (RA), Ali (RA), Khalid (RA), Saad (RA), Abu Ubaidah (RA), and their likes from among the greats of Islamic history were but the students of the Muhammad’s school which was headquartered in the Prophet’s Masjid ?<br /><br />Another special characteristic of the Masjid in Islam is that the word of truth emanates from them every week on the tongues of the preachers. The topic may be about forbidding evil and enjoining good or an invitation to do some good, an awakening for the heedless, an invitation to assembly, objections to a wrongdoer, or a warning about a tyrant.<br /><br />If we see the Masjids crippled and not playing their great role today, it is due to the fault of some of their paid preachers, mercenaries or the ignorant. On the day when the strong leaders and the scholars of Islamic legislation, sincere to Allah and His Messenger, give advice to the leaders and common Muslims and ascend the pulpits and lead the prayers, on that day the Masjid will return to its leading position in the Islamic society. The Masjid will return to its role in raising real men, graduating heroes, reforming corruption, fighting evil and building society upon the foundation of fearing and pleasing Allah alone. We hope for this to take place, Allah willing, when the vanguard of our purified, believing youths, who are educated with Allah’s religion and who behave with the Prophet’s Mohammed (PBUH) manners, occupy the pulpits and the rooms of the Masjids. </span><br />
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTING MASJID IN ISLAM</h3>
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<span style="font-size: 180%; font-weight: bold;">by HAZARTH K.A.NIZAMUDDEEN<br /><br />LISTEN HERE</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>If you would be interested in Constructing New Masjids in India, Contact Us and we would guide you to the places where they are needed the most. We would also suggest you to take a look at our ‘Masjid Appeals‘ section wherein existing Masjids need your assistance in fulfilling their requirements.</b></span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 180%;">ONGOING MASJID PROJECTS<br /><br />KINDLY VISIT </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 180%;"><span id="verse_202_language_8_content" style="font-weight: bold;">Spend your wealth for the cause of Allah, and be not cast by your own hands to ruin; and do good. Lo! Allah loveth the beneficent....AL-QURAN </span></span><span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;">2:195.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold;"> பாதையில் செலவு செய்யுங்கள்; இன்னும் உங்கள் கைகளாலேயே உங்களை அழிவின் பக்கம் கொண்டு செல்லாதீர்கள்; இன்னும், நன்மை செய்யுங்கள்; நிச்சயமாக அல்லாஹ் முஹ்ஸின்களை -நன்மை செய்வோரை- நேசிக்கின்றான்....AL-QURAN 2:195.</span><br />
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<br /><span style="color: green;"><i><b>If you would be interested in Constructing New Masjids in India, and we would guide you to the places where they are needed the most. We would also suggest you to take a look at our ‘ section wherein existing Masjids need your assistance in <span style="font-size: x-large;">fulfilling their requirements</span>.</b></i></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> WHO CAN MANAGE THE MASJID ?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">THE MASJID OF ALLAH ARE ONLY TO BE MAINTAINED BY THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN ALLAH AND THE LAST DAY AND ESTABLISH PRAYER AND GIVE ZAKAH AND DO NOT FEAR EXCEPT ALLAH,FOR IT IS EXPECTED THAT THOSE WILL BE OF THE (Rightly) GUIDED -</span><br style="font-weight: bold;" /><br style="font-weight: bold;" /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Surat At-Tawbah 9:18</span><br style="font-weight: bold;" /><br />அல்லாஹ்வின் மஸ்ஜிதுகளைப் பரிபாலனம் செய்யக்கூடியவர்கள், அல்லாஹ்வின் மீதும் இறுதிநாள் மீதும் ஈமான் கொண்டு தொழுகையைக் கடைப்பிடித்து ஜக்காத்தை (முறையாகக்) கொடுத்து அல்லாஹ்வைத் தவிர வேறெதற்கும் அஞ்சாதவர்கள்தாம் - இத்தகையவர்கதாம் நிச்சயமாக நேர் வழி பெற்றவர்களில் ஆவார்கள்.<br />Surat At-Tawbah 9:18</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 180%;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">WHO CAN MANAGE THE MASJID ?</span></span><br /><br />by HAZARTH K.A.NIZAMUDDEEN<br /><br />LISTEN HERE</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 180%;">IMAMTH AND MUEZZIN IN <span style="font-size: 130%;">MASJID</span></span></div>
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LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-32112814128388311012009-07-10T05:47:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:48:29.925-07:00Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar, previously Karim Abdul-Jabbar (born Sharmon Shah on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1974-06-28"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="06-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a></span>), is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> player. A 5'11" <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_back" title="Running back">running back</a>, he played in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) from 1996 to 2000 with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts" title="Indianapolis Colts">Indianapolis Colts</a>.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#College"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">College</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#Professional_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Professional career</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#NFL_statistics"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">NFL statistics</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#Name_controversy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Name controversy</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="College" id="College"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: College">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">College</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California" class="mw-redirect">Los Angeles, California</a>, he played for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> Bruins from 1992 to 1995 under head coach <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Donahue" title="Terry Donahue">Terry Donahue</a>. He set the school record for rushing yards in a season and was named team MVP in consecutive years under the names 'Sharmon Shah' in 1994 and 'Karim Abdul-Jabbar' in 1995. He was a three-year letterman and two-year starter at UCLA. Despite leaving school with one season of eligibility remaining, he ranks third on the Bruins' all-time rushing list with 3,030 yards on 582 carries (5.2 avg.) with 16 touchdowns. He also added 36 receptions for 306 yards with one touchdown. Karim averaged 110.1 total yards per game in college and was the only player in school history (and seventh in Pac 10 annals) to rush for over 1,200 yards</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Professional_career" id="Professional_career"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Professional career</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Al-Jabbar was drafted in the third round of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_NFL_Draft" title="1996 NFL Draft">1996 NFL Draft</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Dolphins" title="Miami Dolphins">Miami Dolphins</a>, with whom he would play three and a half seasons. In his rookie year, he set many of the Dolphins' rookie records for rushing by a running back. He became only the second Dolphin to lead the team in rushing in each of his first two seasons in the league. In 1997, he led the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> in total touchdowns with 16 and tied <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Broncos" title="Denver Broncos">Denver Broncos</a> running back <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrell_Davis" title="Terrell Davis">Terrell Davis</a> for the league lead with 15 rushing TDs. Afterwards his productivity decreased. In 1999, the Dolphins traded him to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a> for a third round draft pick in the 2000 NFL Draft; while he did put up some decent numbers, it was not enough to earn himself a contract extension. <a href="http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=2574291&type=story" class="external autonumber" title="http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/print?id=2574291&type=story" rel="nofollow">[1]</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="NFL_statistics" id="NFL_statistics"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: NFL statistics">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">NFL statistics</span></span></h3> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Jersey Number: 33 (Dolphins, Colts) and 27 (Browns)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Games Played: 60</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Rushing Yards (career): 3,063</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most Rushing Yards (season): 1,116 (1996)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Rushing Attempts (career): 888</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most Rushing Attempts (season): 307 (1996) and 283 (1997)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most Rushing Attempts (game): 33 (9/20/98 vs. Pittsburgh)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Rushing Touchdowns (career): 33</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most Rushing Touchdowns (season): 15 (1997) and 11 (1996)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most Rushing Touchdowns (game): 3 (10/19/97 at Baltimore), 5,5,6 and 3 (11/23/97 at New England)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most Consecutive Games with Rushing Touchdowns: 5 (10th through 14th in 1997)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">100 Yard Games (career): 9</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Most 100 Yard Games (season): 4 (1996)</span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Name_controversy" id="Name_controversy"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Name controversy">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Name controversy</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1995, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> Sharmon Shah was given the name "Karim Abdul-Jabbar" by his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a>. The new name he was given quickly garnered major attention upon his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> debut. Some commentators mistakenly believed that he was the son of former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> great, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> He also wore <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad_number" title="Squad number">number</a> 33, the same number that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a> had made famous.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1998, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar filed a lawsuit against Karim, stating that there were too many similarities between the two. In the lawsuit, Kareem listed that they both attended <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> and both wore the #33. He felt that Karim was making profits and sponging off the name and number he made famous in the 1970s. He won a court order that required Karim to drop the "Abdul-Jabbar" name off his jersey. In addition, all Dolphins jerseys with the "Abdul-Jabbar" name and #33 were immediately pulled from the shelves and merchandising catalogs. Karim complied and had his name changed to simply 'Abdul'. Karim maintains that he chose the #33 as his uniform number not because of Kareem, but because of former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys" title="Dallas Cowboys">Dallas Cowboys</a> running back <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Dorsett" title="Tony Dorsett">Tony Dorsett</a>. After the lawsuit, he changed his name to Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jabbar#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-9959691427569682562009-07-10T05:46:00.002-07:002018-02-27T05:48:48.831-08:00Abdullah Quilliam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Liverpool_article01_body02.jpg"><img alt="Liverpool article01 body02.jpg" height="180" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Liverpool_article01_body02.jpg" width="150" /></a></b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Born</span></th>
<td><span style="font-size: large;"><b>10 April 1856</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="birthplace"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span></b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Died</span></th>
<td><span style="font-size: large;"><b>April 23, 1932 (aged 76)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="deathplace"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</span></b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nationality</span></th>
<td class="category"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>British</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Other names</span></th>
<td class="nickname"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>عبد الله كويليام</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>William Henry Quilliam</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Henri Marcel Leon</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Haroun Mustapha Leon</b></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>William Henry Quilliam (10 April 1856<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Liverpool – 23 April 1932 London), who changed his name to Abdullah Quilliam and later Henri Marcel Leon or Haroun Mustapha Leon, was a 19th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">convert</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, noted for founding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>'s first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> and Islamic centre.</b></span><br />
<table class="toc" id="toc">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><div id="toctitle">
<h2>
Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></span></b>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#Conversion_to_Islam"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Conversion to Islam</span></a></span></b></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></span></b></li>
</ul>
</li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#Notes_and_references"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Notes and references</span></a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></span></b></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Background" style="font-size: large;">Background</span></h2>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">William Quilliam was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> to a wealthy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a> family in 1856. His father, Robert Quilliam, was a watch manufacturer. William was educated at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Institute_High_School_for_Boys" title="Liverpool Institute High School for Boys">Liverpool Institute</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_William%27s_College" title="King William's College">King William's College</a> on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>. He began work as a solicitor in 1878, building a successful legal practice in Liverpool. He married Hannah Johnstone in 1879.</span></b><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Conversion_to_Islam" style="font-size: large;">Conversion to Islam</span></h3>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Quilliam was brought up a <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodist" title="Methodist">Methodist</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> but converted to Islam after visiting <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> to recover from an illness at the age of 17.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC_Quilliam_firstUKmosque_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-BBC_Quilliam_firstUKmosque-5">[5]</a></sup> Returning to Liverpool, he began to promote Islam in Britain as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_%28name%29" title="Abdullah (name)">Abdullah</a> Quilliam. He had earlier learned about Islam while visiting southern France in 1882 and crossing over to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Quilliam established the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Muslim_Institute" title="Liverpool Muslim Institute">Liverpool Muslim Institute</a>
at 8 Brougham Terrace, West Derby Road, Liverpool in 1889, opening on
Christmas Day. This was England's first mosque, accommodating around a
hundred Muslims, This was followed by a Muslim college, headed by
Haschem Wilde and Nasrullah Warren, which offered courses for both
Muslims and non-Muslims. A weekly Debating and Literary Society within
the college attracted non-Muslims.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Quilliam influenced the paths of other converts, including his mother Harriet,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
his sons, and scientists and intellectuals and his example lead to the
conversion of over 150 Englishmen to Islam. Quilliam was influential in
advancing knowledge of Islam within the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> and gained converts through his literary works and the charitable institutions he founded.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">An active writer and essayist, he produced a weekly paper, <i>The Crescent</i>, from 1893 until 1908. He published three editions of his <i>The Faith of Islam</i> which, translated into thirteen languages, gained him fame across the Islamic world.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">He travelled extensively and received many honours from the leaders
of the Islamic world. He had contact with English-speaking West African
Muslims and toured the region's coastal cities on his way to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> to attend the consecration of the Shitta Bey Mosque in 1894.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> He was appointed <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_al-Islam" title="Sheikh al-Islam">Sheikh-ul-Islam</a> of the British Isles by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Sultan" title="Ottoman Sultan">Ottoman Sultan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> in 1894 and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_%28representative%29" title="Consul (representative)">Vice Consul</a> to Liverpool by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a>. He also received money from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Emir of Afghanistan</a> to help fund the Islamic Institute in Liverpool.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Quilliam's work in Liverpool stopped when he left England in 1908 in advance of being struck off as a solicitor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
His son swiftly disposed of the property that had been used as a mosque
and Islamic centre. Without Quilliam's influence and funding, the
Muslim community in Liverpool dispersed.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">He had returned to the UK by December 1914 under the name of H. M. Leon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> He spent much of his time at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onchan" title="Onchan">Onchan</a> on the Isle of Man. He died in London in 1932 and was buried in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookwood_Cemetery" title="Brookwood Cemetery">Brookwood Cemetery</a>, near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a>. The prominent Anglo-Muslims <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali" title="Abdullah Yusuf Ali">Abdullah Yusuf Ali</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Marmaduke_Pickthall" title="Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall">Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall</a> (who each translated the Qur'an), and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowland_Allanson-Winn,_5th_Baron_Headley" title="Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley">Lord Headley</a> were all later buried near him.</span></b><br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy" style="font-size: large;">Legacy</span></h3>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Western Muslims, particularly converts to Islam, see Quilliam as a
pioneer of the path they have taken. His legacy is maintained by the <a class="external text" href="http://abdullahquilliam.com/" rel="nofollow">Abdullah Quilliam Society</a>
which was formed in 1996. The Society is raising funds to restore 8-10
Brougham Terrace to re-open the historic mosque and establish an
educational centre.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilliam_Foundation" title="Quilliam Foundation">Quilliam Foundation</a>, a thinktank aimed at challenging extremist Islamist ideologies, was launched in 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></span></b><br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Notes_and_references" style="font-size: large;">Notes and references</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-1">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.abdullahquilliamsociety.org/aqsSAQuilliam.html" rel="nofollow">Quilliam Society website</a></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-2">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article2826203.ece" rel="nofollow">"Forgotten champion of Islam: One man and his mosque"</a>. <i>The Independent</i> (London). 2007-08-02.</span></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-3">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/people/law/whqllm.htm" rel="nofollow">Brief Biography of William Henry Quilliam</a></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-4">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Convert's Passion</i> by Brent D. Singleton, p104</span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-BBC_Quilliam_firstUKmosque-5"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-BBC_Quilliam_firstUKmosque_5-0">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Sardais, Louise (2012-MM-DD). <a class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/heritage/england/liverpool/article_1.shtml" rel="nofollow">"The 'little mosque'"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/65WrZCpH9" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-02-17</span>.</span></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-6">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Islamic World</i>, vi, 189-191 quoted at <a class="external free" href="http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-Harriet_Quilliam.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-Harriet_Quilliam.htm</a></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-7">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text">Singleton,
Brent D. (September 2009) "'That Ye May Know Each Other': Late
Victorian Interactions between British and West African Muslims," <i>Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs</i> vol. 29, issue 3, pp. 387-403.</span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-8">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19320701.2.91.aspx" rel="nofollow"><i>Straits Times</i> 1 July 1932</a>
“The statutory committee of the Law Society found that when he was
acting for a woman who was petitioning for a divorce on the grounds of
cruelty and adultery, Quilliam instigated and connived at the act of a
man who induced the husband to commit adultery and presented to the
court a case which he knew to be false.”</span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-9">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19320611.2.48.6" rel="nofollow">http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19320611.2.48.6</a> gives details of the divorce case of Martha May & Enoch Griffiths Thompson</span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-10">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="http://www.wokingmuslim.org/work/bm-soc1.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.wokingmuslim.org/work/bm-soc1.htm</a> (a Henri Mustapha Leon, aged 55, living in St Pancras, London, appears in the Census of April 1911)</span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-11">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.salaam.co.uk/charities/26-07-05.php" rel="nofollow">Appeal for Heritage Centre in Liverpool</a></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-12">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/mar/01/islam.religion" rel="nofollow">The Guardian; "Ex-Islamists start moderate thinkthank" 1 March 2008</a></span></span></b></li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><b><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Quilliam#cite_ref-13">^</a></span><span style="font-size: large;"> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7360652.stm%7CBBC:" rel="nofollow">"Ex-extremists call for 'Western Islam'"</a></span></span></b></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="External_links" style="font-size: large;">External links</span></h2>
<div class="noprint tright portal" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em;">
<table style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(249, 249, 249); line-height: 110%; max-width: 175px;">
<tbody>
<tr valign="middle">
<td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg"><img alt="Portal icon" height="16" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="32" /></a></span></b></td>
<td style="font-style: italic; padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_vip.svg"><img alt="Portal icon" height="28" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" width="28" /></a></span></b></td>
<td style="font-style: italic; padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allah-green.svg"><img alt="Portal icon" height="28" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/26px-Allah-green.svg.png" width="26" /></a></span></b></td>
<td style="font-style: italic; padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></b></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<ul><b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://abdullahquilliam.com/" rel="nofollow">Abdullah Quilliam Society</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://abdullahquilliam.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow">Abdullah Quilliam: The History of British Muslims</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/" rel="nofollow">Quilliam Foundation</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article2826203.ece" rel="nofollow"><i>Forgotten champion of Islam: One man and his mosque</i> The Independent newspaper, 2 August 2007</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/heritage/england/liverpool/article_1.shtml" rel="nofollow">Special BBC feature on Abdullah Quilliam and his Mosque, including audio testimonials from his grand-daughter and admirers</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.mcb.org.uk/features/features.php?ann_id=139" rel="nofollow">The Muslim Council of Britain's biography and profile on Quilliam's life</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-AQ-poem4.htm" rel="nofollow"><i>The Riddle of Life</i>, poem by Abdullah Quilliam</a></span></b></li>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b>
<li><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a class="external text" href="http://www.isb.org.uk/iaw/yesteryear.htm" rel="nofollow">A brief look at Muslims in Britain from yesteryear</a></span></b></li>
</ul>
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<h1 class="story-header">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The legacy of Victorian England's first Islamic convert </span></h1>
<span class="story-date">
<span class="date">25 April 2012</span>
<span class="time-text">Last updated at </span><span class="time">04:12 GMT</span>
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<span class="byline-name">By Rahila Bano</span>
<span class="byline-title">Asian Network</span>
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<img alt="Property at Brougham Terrace formerly owned by William Abdullah Quilliam" height="171" src="http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/59836000/jpg/_59836709_quilliamhouse.jpg" width="304" /> </div>
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<span style="width: 304px;">The mosque, in the middle of the three houses owned by Quilliam, has fallen into disrepair</span>
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<a class="hidden" href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-17827016#story_continues_1">Continue reading the main story</a> <br />
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<div class="introduction" id="story_continues_1">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>On a
bleak, wet and windy day in Liverpool the old Georgian, white-stoned
building which once housed England's first registered mosque looks quite
dull. </b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The property on Brougham Terrace is just a few miles from
Liverpool city centre but, in stark contrast to the newer council
building next door to it, the paint is peeling off the front walls and
the windows are boarded up, after years of vandalism.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The house, one of three adjoining properties, was once owned
by William Abdullah Quilliam, a solicitor and son of a Methodist
preacher. In 1887, he became the first Christian to convert to Islam in
Victorian England. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Born William Henry Quilliam, he turned to the religion after a trip to Morocco, and adopted the name Abdullah. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Two years later he opened the Liverpool Muslim Institute at 8
Brougham Terrace, as a mosque and hub for the growing Muslim community.
He also opened a boys and girls school and an orphanage.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Professor Ron Geaves is author of the book Islam in Victorian
Times. He gave the first Abdullah Quilliam Lecture at the Pakistan
Community Centre in Liverpool earlier this month. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"William Abdullah Quilliam was brought up as a devout
Christian and was part of the Temperance Movement which promoted
abstinence from alcohol. One of the reasons he was attracted to Islam
was that alcohol is forbidden for Muslims. He also had theological
concerns about Trinitarian Christianity," he said. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
<span class="cross-head">Muslim leader</span>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Quilliam gained national and international recognition through
his many writings and lectures about Islam and Muslims. Part of his
house was converted into a publishing house for this purpose. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>In 1894 the title of Sheikh-ul-Islam, leader of Muslims in
the British Isles, was conferred on him by the last Ottoman caliph,
Sultan Abdul Hamid II. He was also appointed Vice Consul of Persia by
the Shah. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Prof Geaves said: "He was a royalist and was also recognised
by Queen Victoria. He had sent her one of his books about Islam,
apparently. She then ordered several copies for her children."</b></span><br />
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</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><img alt="William Abdullah Quilliam" height="171" src="http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/59836000/jpg/_59836707_abdullahquilliam.jpg" width="304" />
<span style="width: 304px;">William Abdullah Quilliam, founder of England's first registered mosque</span></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>At the time of her son King Edward VII's coronation, Quilliam
was widely recognised as a leader of Muslims in the British Isles. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Prof Geaves recounts an occasion when Quilliam, as
Sheikh-ul-Islam, dressed in his long robes and turban, accompanied the
Lord Mayor to greet foreign dignitaries arriving in England through the
port at Liverpool. They included maharajas, royalty and world leaders. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"Hundreds of guests had gathered in the Great Hall, in the
Empire building, including foreign troops. When they saw him the whole
regiment rose and offered him not the British military salute but the
Islamic 'Allah Akbar, Allah Akbar'. (God is great)." </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Quilliam had been responsible for the spread of Islam in
England in the Victorian era. He helped to convert about 600 people.
They included the wealthy landowner, Lord Stanley of Alderley, in
Cheshire, the first Muslim peer in the House of Lords. This also proved
controversial. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Prof Geaves: "At the time of his (Lord Stanley's) death some
Christians questioned if he was a Muslim. They said that he had built
churches on his land and therefore could not be one. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"Quilliam then intervened and told them that, as a landowner, he could provide places of worship for his Christian workers." </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Despite the controversy, Lord Stanley had a Muslim burial
with Quilliam leading the Islamic funeral prayers at the mosque he had
established in Brougham Terrace. </b></span><br />
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</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><img alt="bbc" height="171" src="http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/59836000/jpg/_59836711_quilliamprayerhall.jpg" width="304" />
<span style="width: 304px;">The prayer hall has holes in the walls</span></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>After Quilliam's death in 1932, the property housing the mosque
was sold, and later used as a register office where records of births,
deaths and marriages were kept. These included records of the marriage
of John Lennon and his first wife, Cynthia. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Behind the door of 8 Brougham Terrace today lies what could
be described as an empty shell. The old prayer hall has holes in the
walls where doors and windows once stood. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>A group of Muslims from Merseyside set up the Abdullah
Quilliam Society in 1999 in order to preserve Quilliam's legacy. In 2000
they took over responsibility for the building, which is now recognised
as part of British Heritage. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The society wants to reopen the mosque and publishing house as a museum and heritage centre. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Its chairman, Ghalib Khan, said: "It is the birthplace of
Islam in the UK. We need to raise £3.8m to return it to its former
glory. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"Several hundred Muslims used to gather here to listen to the
Sheikh. There was also a piano at the back of the prayer hall. He was
known for rewriting Christian hymns so that they had an Islamic slant to
them."</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Work to restore the mosque has been slow. So far, they have
only raised about £300,000 which was used to reroof the property and for
the treatment of dry rot. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Mr Khan said: "We wanted to complete the project by 2008.
However this wasn't possible. We are now looking to carry out the work
in several phases but times are hard, everyone is short of money. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"We've got some people who give us a pound a month or a week
but we are optimistic that we can raise £100,000 so at least the prayer
hall can be renovated before the summer and Ramadan, which starts in
July."</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
<span class="cross-head">'Absolutely fascinating'</span>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Abdullah Quilliam Society is trying to raise the profile
of the Sheikh-ul-Islam. It recently held its first annual lecture in his
honour, at the Liverpool Pakistan Community centre. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>It also plans to hold an awards ceremony to recognise people
who promote Islam and who work to foster good links with other faiths. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The lecture was attended by some of the Sheikh's descendants.
Jonathon Quilliam and other members of his family had travelled to
Liverpool from Stafford. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"I think I'm related through my dad's side. It's very
interesting to know that someone from the Isle of Man originally, where
we still have relatives, and then from Liverpool, was responsible for
the rise of Islam in this country, absolutely fascinating."</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Some of the British Muslims attending the lecture were impressed by Quilliam's courage and strength of purpose. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Mohammed Afzal, who is in his late 20s, said: "It's important
because a lot of stigma is attached to Islam, but Quilliam spoke out
about it openly even though it was against the status quo."</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Shaheena Anjum said: "In this day and age, people find things difficult, but he came from a Christian, Methodist background. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>"I think what he did required a lot of determination and courage." </b></span><br />
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<h1>
Revamp for England's first mosque
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<img alt="Number 8 Brougham Terrace in Liverpool " border="0" height="170" hspace="0" src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45339000/jpg/_45339045_mosque226.jpg" vspace="0" width="226" />
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The mosque closed in 1908</div>
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<div class="first">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A £3m project to refurbish what is believed to be England's first mosque gets under way this month.</span></b>
</div>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The restoration of the Grade II listed building at Number 8
Brougham Terrace in Liverpool will begin after emergency repairs to the
roof are completed.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The mosque was opened on Christmas Day 1889 by Henry William
Quilliam, who converted to Islam in 1887, adopting the name Abdullah
Quilliam.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The mosque stopped running in 1908 when Abdullah Quilliam went travelling.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Dr Mohammad Akbar Ali, 85, set up the Abdullah Quilliam Society
in 1997 with the intention of restoring the mosque to its former glory.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Galib Khan, the current chairman of the Abdullah Quilliam
Society, said he hoped part of the building would be opened in the next
six months.
</span></b><br />
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<tbody>
<tr><td><div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><img alt="What the new mosque in Liverpool will look like" border="0" height="300" hspace="0" src="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/45338000/jpg/_45338986_006664580-2.jpg" vspace="0" width="400" /></span></b>
</div>
<div class="cap">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>About £2.5m still needs to be raised </b></span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">He said: "It's a heritage site for us. This truly is the birthplace of Islam in Britain.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">"We want to make it into a heritage centre for Islamic culture and interfaith dialogue.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">"We will start on the refurbishment once we have finalised the lease arrangements with the city council."
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The emergency repairs to the roof cost about £100,000 and £2.5m still needs to be raised towards the restoration project.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Mumin Khan, chief executive of the Abdullah Quilliam Society,
said: "We have reached a milestone and breakthrough by raising more than
a quarter of a million pounds in pledges for the work with one of the
Bangladeshi-language channels, Channel S.
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">"This allows us to start the refurbishment phase of the project while carrying out further fundraising."
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">A spokesman for English Heritage, the Government's statutory
adviser on the historic environment, said: "It is an immensely important
monument to Islam in Britain and it is believed to be England's
earliest mosque."
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The refurbishment work is due to begin this month.</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.abdullahquilliamsociety.org.uk/#">http://www.abdullahquilliamsociety.org.uk</a></span></b></div>
LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-57072536570753531832009-07-10T05:46:00.001-07:002009-07-10T05:46:52.951-07:00Abu Tammam<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abu Tammam (Habib ibn Aus) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic" class="mw-redirect">Arabic</a>, أبو تمام حبيب بن أوس (c. 805 – c. 845) was a famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab">Arab</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> convert born to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian" title="Christian">Christian</a> parents.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Tammam#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> His life is not precisely dated, and some sources give 807 – 850.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Tammam#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Tammam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He was born in Jasim (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josem (page does not exist)">Josem</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, a place to the north-east of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Tiberias" title="Sea of Tiberias" class="mw-redirect">Sea of Tiberias</a> or near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbij" title="Manbij">Hierapolis Bambyce</a>. He seems to have spent his youth in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs" title="Homs" class="mw-redirect">Homs</a>, though, according to one story, he was employed during his boyhood in selling water in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. His first appearance as a poet was in Egypt, but as he failed to make a living there he went to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, and then to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosul</a>. From there he made a visit to the governor of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, who awarded him richly. After 833 he lived mostly in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, at the court of the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph" title="Caliph">caliph</a></i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27tasim" title="Mo'tasim" class="mw-redirect">Mo'tasim</a>. From Baghdad he visited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, where he enjoyed the favour of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Tahir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Tahir (page does not exist)">Abdallah ibn Tahir</a>. About 845 he was in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ma%27arrat_un-Nu%27man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma'arrat un-Nu'man (page does not exist)">Ma'arrat un-Nu'man</a>, where he met the poet al-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhturi" title="Buhturi">Buhturi</a> (c. 820–897). He died in Mosul.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abu Tammam is best known in literature for his 9th century compilation of early poems known as the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamasah" title="Hamasah">Hamasah</a></i>. The <i>Hamasah</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, "exhortation") is one of the greatest anthologies of Arabic literature ever written. Abu Tammam gathered these works together when he was snowbound in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan" class="mw-redirect">Hamadan</a>, where he had access to an excellent library. There are ten books of poems in the <i>Hamasah</i>, all classified by subject. Some of them are selections from long poems. This is one of the treasuries of early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_poetry" title="Arabic poetry">Arabic poetry</a>, and the poems are of exceptional beauty. A later anthology by the same name was compiled by the poet al-Buhturi, and the term has been used in modern times to mean "heroic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a>."</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Two other collections of a similar nature are ascribed to Abu Tammam. His own poems have been somewhat neglected owing to the success of his compilations, but they enjoyed great repute in his lifetime. His poems of valour, often describing historical events, are important as source material. They were distinguished for the purity of their style, the merit of the verse, and the excellent manner of treating subjects. His poems were published in Cairo in 1875.</span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-28500029864198307822009-07-10T05:45:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:46:00.412-07:00Abu Usamah<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abu Usamah at-Thahabi (born <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1964-03-10"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="03-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a></span>) is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Lane_Masjid" title="Green Lane Masjid">Green Lane Masjid</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</span> in </p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#Controversy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Controversy</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="History" id="History"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Usamah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">History</span></span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="font-weight: bold;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image" title="Question book-new.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" height="39" width="50" /></a></span></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span style="font-size:130%;">This section does not <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a>. Please help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Usamah&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Usamah&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve this article</a> by adding citations to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Fact" title="Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect">challenged</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <i>(March 2007)</i></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abu Usamah, Khalifah At-Thahabi was born and raised in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, the third eldest of 4 children.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in 1986 and applied to attend the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Madinah" title="Islamic University of Madinah">University of Madinah</a> as was the practice of many new converts to Islam at that time. He completed his BSc in Usool-Ul-Deen and learned the Arabic language. After his graduation from the University, Abu Usamah went to teach in the UK before returning to the US in 1996 in order to pursue his first position of Imam in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. He was an imam at a mosque in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> (he left in 2001 under a cloud of allegations of sexual misconduct), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland" class="mw-redirect">Cleveland</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a> before he moved to the UK, where he surfaced briefly in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keighley" title="Keighley">Keighley</a> before moving to Birmingham to take up his place at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Lane_Masjid" title="Green Lane Masjid">Green Lane Mosque</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Controversy" id="Controversy"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Usamah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Controversy</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abu Usamah has been accused of preaching messages of hate towards non-Muslims. On <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-01-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">14 January</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a></span>, a documentary by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> entitled <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercover_Mosque" title="Undercover Mosque">Undercover Mosque</a></i> was aired attributing to him various comments, such as stating that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> was better than a "million George Bushes and a thousand Tony Blairs," or that non-Muslims were "pathological liars."<sup id="cite_ref-DailyMail_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-DailyMail-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Abu Usamah stated in defense that the documentary had quoted him out of context.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC070808_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-BBC070808-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Following the release of the documentary, nine people were arrested. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands Police</a> investigated the allegations raised by the programme but found no evidence to press charges.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Prosecution_Service" title="Crown Prosecution Service">Crown Prosecution Service</a> criticised Channel 4 for "totally distorting" what Abu Usamah and others had said. West Midlands Police have lodged a formal complaint with the regulator and asked the CPS to consider a prosecution against Channel 4 which was denied due to lack of sufficient evidence. Channel 4 have rejected these claims by the West Midlands Police and the CPS.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC070808_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-BBC070808-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>Ofcom said it found no evidence that "Undercover Mosque" had misled its audience.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The Saltley Gate Peace group, an inter-faith action group based at the Saltley Methodist Church in Birmingham (which includes Muslims and non-Muslims), gave its "undiminished support" for Abu Usamah and Green Lane Mosque and made a press release prior to the airing of the Channel 4 documentary. The press release included the following statements:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <ol style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">That Imam Abu Usaamah, one of the preachers featured in the documentary, is acknowledged by the a significant portion of his congregation and the wider interfaith community "to be a peaceful man and is known to promote peace to his congregation", and that he has denounced terrorism.</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">That the Green Lane Mosque is not known to promote extremism and the founders and committee of the mosque have always distanced themselves from such extremism</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">That the UK branch of Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadith are based at the Green Lane mosque and Islamic. The statement explains that Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadith is known loosely as '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafism" title="Salafism" class="mw-redirect">Salafism</a>', and that this school of thought does not promote extremism. However, it concedes that there may be a minority that feel otherwise. Nonetheless it states that those following the Salafi methodology strive to follow the earliest traditions so that their Islam is peaceful and pure.</span></li></ol> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Furthermore, Abu Usamah was known to have openly and consistently opposed terrorist and extreme <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takfiri" title="Takfiri">takfiri</a> thought from as early as the early 1990s<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> to the extent that the extremist preacher <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_el-Faisal" title="Abdullah el-Faisal">Abdullah el-Faisal</a> had called for the assassination of Abu Usamah.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-33999780036274566382009-07-10T05:43:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:44:48.061-07:00Ahmad Rashād<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Ahmad Rashād (born Robert Earl Moore November 19, 1949 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>) is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy" title="Emmy" class="mw-redirect">Emmy</a> award-winning sportscaster (mostly with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a>) and former professional <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> player. An <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-America" title="All-America">All-American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_back" title="Running back">running back</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_receiver" title="Wide receiver">wide receiver</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">Oregon</a> known as Bobby Moore, Rashad was the fourth overall pick in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_NFL_Draft" title="1972 NFL Draft">1972 NFL Draft</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_draft" title="NFL draft" class="mw-redirect">drafted</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals" title="Arizona Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>. He was the first skill-position player taken, following three linemen.</span> from </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Rashād was converted back to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_receiver" title="Wide receiver">wide receiver</a> while with the Cardinals, where he played for two seasons. He then played for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bills" title="Buffalo Bills">Buffalo Bills</a> (1974–1976), the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a> (1976), and, most notably, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota Vikings</a> (1976–1982), where he earned four <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a> selections from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_NFL_season" title="1978 NFL season">1978</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_NFL_season" title="1981 NFL season">1981</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Rashād graduated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Tahoma_High_School" title="Mount Tahoma High School">Mount Tahoma High School</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a> in 1967 and accepted a football scholarship to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a>.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#Conversion_and_football_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Conversion and football career</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#Broadcasting_and_television_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Broadcasting and television career</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#Rumored_NBA_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Rumored NBA career</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#Family_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Family life</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#References"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Conversion_and_football_career" id="Conversion_and_football_career"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conversion and football career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Conversion and football career</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1972, Moore converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Submitters_International" title="United Submitters International">Islam</a> and changed his name to Rashād, which means "Admirable One Led To Truth". His last name comes from his mentor in St. Louis <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_Khalifa" title="Rashad Khalifa">Rashad Khalifa</a>. There are at least three players in the NFL that were named after him, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahman_Green" title="Ahman Green">Ahman Rashad Green</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_back" title="Running back">running back</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Texans" title="Houston Texans">Houston Texans</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Merritt" title="Ahmad Merritt">Ahmad Rashad Merritt</a>, wide receiver for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals" title="Arizona Cardinals">Arizona Cardinals</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmard_Hall" title="Ahmard Hall">Ahmard Rashad Hall</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullback_%28American_football%29" title="Fullback (American football)">fullback</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Titans" title="Tennessee Titans">Tennessee Titans</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Magic" title="Orlando Magic">Orlando Magic</a> NBA basketball player <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashard_Lewis" title="Rashard Lewis">Rashard Lewis</a> was also named after Rashad.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Rashād eventually graduated from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a>, where he played <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_receiver" title="Wide receiver">wide receiver</a> as a sophomore in 1969; then was moved to running back where he was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_College_Football_All-America_Team" title="1971 College Football All-America Team">All-American</a> in 1971—playing with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Fouts" title="Dan Fouts">Dan Fouts</a>. Rashād was named to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="College Football Hall of Fame">College Football Hall of Fame</a> on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2007-05-09"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="05-09"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a></span>. <sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">During his pro football career, Rashād caught 495 passes for 6831 yards and 44 touchdowns, while also rushing for 52 yards. The standout catch of his career came in a December <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_NFL_season" title="1980 NFL season">1980</a> game against the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Browns" title="Cleveland Browns">Cleveland Browns</a>. Vikings quarterback <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Kramer" title="Tommy Kramer">Tommy Kramer</a> threw a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail_Mary_pass" title="Hail Mary pass">Hail Mary pass</a> to Rashād that resulted in a come-from-behind 28-23 victory and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFC_North" title="NFC North">Central Division</a> title for the Vikings. This became known as the Miracle Catch. Rashād also has the distinction of the longest play from scrimmage that didn't score a touchdown: 98 yards in a 1972 game against the Rams.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Ironically, Rashād replaced the same receiver, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilliam" title="John Gilliam">John Gilliam</a>, in both St. Louis and Minnesota.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Broadcasting_and_television_career" id="Broadcasting_and_television_career"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Broadcasting and television career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Broadcasting and television career</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After his football career, he covered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> televised contests as a studio anchor and game reporter for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN_on_ABC" title="ESPN on ABC">ABC</a>, as well as hosting <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Inside_Stuff" title="NBA Inside Stuff">NBA Inside Stuff</a></i>. He also has hosted the video-clip show <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_TV" title="Real TV">Real TV</a>,</i> the reality show <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_Mole" title="Celebrity Mole">Celebrity Mole</a>,</i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_show" title="Game show">game show</a> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar%27s_Challenge" title="Caesar's Challenge" class="mw-redirect">Caesar's Challenge</a></i> along with co-host <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_Doherty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Doherty (page does not exist)">Dan Doherty</a>, and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_Access_with_Ahmad_Rashad" title="NBA Access with Ahmad Rashad">NBA Access with Ahmad Rashad</a></i> on the ABC network. Rashād has also guest starred on several TV shows, mainly ones that starred his then wife Phylicia. He used to interview long-time friend <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a> frequently while he was at NBC.</span> the </p> <div style="font-weight: bold;" class="rellink boilerplate seealso"><span style="font-size:130%;">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_on_NBC" title="NFL on NBC">NFL on NBC</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_on_NBC" title="NBA on NBC">NBA on NBC</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA_on_ABC" title="NBA on ABC">NBA on ABC</a></span></div> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Rumored_NBA_career" id="Rumored_NBA_career"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rumored NBA career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Rumored NBA career</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">There is video footage of Rashad sinking a basket in a real NBA game as a member of the Philadelphia 76ers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The context surrounding his appearance is unknown, but he is seen bragging jestfully regarding his status as the only player in NBA history to shoot 100% for his career (implying this was his one and only appearance in an NBA game).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> It has been theorized Rashad participated in only one preseason game for the Sixers, possibly as a celebrity detail.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Reliable pro basketball databases do not identify Rashad as a former NBA player.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Family_life" id="Family_life"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family life">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Family life</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Rashād has been married four times and divorced three. In 1969, he married his first wife Deidre Waters. They had a daughter, Keva, born in 1970. In 1976, he married his second wife, Matilda Johnson. They had two children, daughter Mayisha (born in 1976) and son Ahmad Jr. (born in 1978). They divorced in 1979.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1985, Rashād married <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cosby_Show" title="The Cosby Show">Cosby Show</a></i> actress <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylicia_Rash%C4%81d" title="Phylicia Rashād">Phylicia Ayers-Allen</a>, to whom he proposed on national television during the pregame show of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s broadcast of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day" title="Thanksgiving Day" class="mw-redirect">Thanksgiving Day</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> game between the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Detroit_Lions_season" title="1985 Detroit Lions season">Detroit Lions</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_New_York_Jets_season" title="1985 New York Jets season">New York Jets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> It was a third marriage for both. Unlike many actresses, she adopted his surname shortly after the wedding, and still uses the name "Phylicia Rashād" professionally to this day. Out of this marriage, he gained a stepson Billy Bowles (born 1973). After a year of marriage, Ahmad and Phylicia had a daughter, Condola Phylea Rashād (named after his mother). After nearly sixteen years of marriage, Ahmad and Phylicia divorced in 2001.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 2007, Rashād wed his fourth wife, Sale Johnson, the ex-wife of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> billionaire <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Johnson" title="Woody Johnson">Woody Johnson</a>. He has gained a stepdaughter from this marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Rash%C4%81d#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-40554021871163459522009-07-10T05:39:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:43:07.383-07:00Ahmed Santos (militant)<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Ahmed Santos (aka Hilarion del Rosario is a Filipino who converted to Islam while working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-ManilaTimes20061203_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-ManilaTimes20061203-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChristianScienceMonitor20051128_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-ChristianScienceMonitor20051128-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ManilaTimes20031117_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-ManilaTimes20031117-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Santos was captured by Military officials for being involved in organizing and planning terrorist activities, including preparation of bombs.<sup id="cite_ref-VoiceOfAmerica20051026_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-VoiceOfAmerica20051026-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> He is the founder of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajah_Solaiman_Movement" title="Rajah Solaiman Movement" class="mw-redirect">Rajah Solaiman Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC20051026_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-BBC20051026-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#Association_with_terrorism"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Association with terrorism</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Association_with_terrorism" id="Association_with_terrorism"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Association with terrorism">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Association with terrorism</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Santos was detained in October 2005, for taking part in planning bomb attacks in predominantly Christian cities around the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC20051026_4-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-BBC20051026-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>. According to police officials, the Rajah Solaiman group founded by Santos after his conversion to Islam, is believed to have forged an alliance with two al-Qaeda-linked organisations - Philippine-based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf</a> and the regional militant group <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaah_Islamiah" title="Jemaah Islamiah" class="mw-redirect">Jemaah Islamiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC20051026_4-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-BBC20051026-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Explosives were seized from Santos's room by police in March 26, 2004. <sup id="cite_ref-ManilaTimes20040405_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-ManilaTimes20040405-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup>. A reward of $500,000 was presented to two Filipino citizens for providing key information that lead to the arrest of Santos.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Santos_%28militant%29#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-58594929808215326632009-07-10T05:38:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:39:20.889-07:00Ahmad Thomson<span style="font-size:130%;"><b style="font-weight: bold;">Ahmad Thomson</b><span style="font-weight: bold;"> is a </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and writer and also a member of the </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murabitun" title="Murabitun">Murabitun</a> movement and a co-founder of the Association of Muslim Lawyers . He is the head of Wynne Chambers<sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and the author of several books, including the revised edition of </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">Dajjal: the AntiChrist</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (1997); </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">Making History</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (1997); the revised editions of </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">Jesus, Prophet of Islam</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">Blood on the Cross</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (in two volumes, </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">For Christ's Sake</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">Islam in Andalus</i><span style="font-weight: bold;">) with Muhammad Ata Ur-Rahim (1996); </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Next World Order</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (1994); </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Difficult Journey</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Way Back</i> (1994) and <i style="font-weight: bold;">The Last Prophet</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (2000).</span><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> He was called to the Bar of England and Wales in 1979, and is a member of the </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Muslim_Lawyers" title="Association of Muslim Lawyers">Association of Muslim Lawyers</a><span style="font-weight: bold;">.</span><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-Helm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-Helm-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> He is co-author of </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">The Islamic Will</i> with Hajj Abdalhaqq and Aisha Bewley (1995).<sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> He has been described by some in the press as having acted as an informal advisor to </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> on matters related to </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslims</a><span style="font-weight: bold;">,</span><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-Helm_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-Helm-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> although he has never set foot inside No. 10 or met any Prime Minister except Kenneth Kaunda in Zambia, in 1965. He made both written and oral representations to the House of Lords Select Committee on Religious Offences in 2002, arguing that different religious groups including Jews, Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs should have equal rights and equal protection under English law.<sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> He has given regular talks about Islam throughout the United Kingdom, including the annual </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">Gateway to Divine Mercy</i><span style="font-weight: bold;"> event.</span><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> He has been a regular contributor to the annual interfaith conferences held at the Regents Park Mosque and Islamic Cultural Centre</span><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight: bold;"> and also contributed to the College of Law LNTV Programme 1378 which is concerned with Islamic Family Law and its interaction with English Family Law.</span><sup style="font-weight: bold;" id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></span> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#British_Media_and_The_Next_World_Order"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">British Media and The Next World Order</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#Views_on_Islam"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Views on Islam</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#Book_Reviews"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Book Reviews</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Background" id="Background"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Thomson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Background</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He was born as Martin Thomson<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_2-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-Helm-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a>, now Zambia, and educated in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a>, now <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, and England. Most of his early years were spent in remote locations in the African bush where there was no electricity, gas or piped water. After being awarded an LLB (Hons) in 1972 at Exeter University, England, he worked as a bus conductor in Exeter, Devon, for a year before moving to London where he worked firstly as a labourer building the Piccadilly Line extension to Heathrow and then as an accountant at Luzac & Co, Oriental Booksellers. He embraced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1973-08-13"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="08-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> After going on Hajj (the pilgrimage to Makka) overland in 1977 <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>, Ahmad Thomson completed his training as a lawyer and was called to the Bar of England & Wales on the 26 July 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="British_Media_and_The_Next_World_Order" id="British_Media_and_The_Next_World_Order"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Thomson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: British Media and The Next World Order">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">British Media and <i>The Next World Order</i></span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Thomson first came to public attention in 2001 when he featured in an award winning documentary <i>My Name is Ahmed</i> broadcast on BBC2 on the 14th August 2001 and in <i>Prince Naseem's Guide to Islam</i> broadcast on BBC2 on the 15th August 2001. He subsequently appeared in the first two <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shariah_TV" title="Shariah TV">Shariah TV</a></i> series<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> and 25 May 2004<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> and in April 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> He also participated in <i>The Muslim Jesus</i> <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> and <i>Celebrity Lives Sharia Style</i> <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup>. He has been an occasional guest on the <i>Hassan & Habibah</i><i>Legal Corner</i>, <i>Legal Forum</i>, <i>Weekly Review</i> and the <i>Hayaat</i> show <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></span> broadcast on Channel 4 on the 18th May 2004 show, broadcast on Islam Channel.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Following his support of Dar Al-Taqwa’s successful complaint to the Press Complaints Commission<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> concerning a deliberately inflammatory attack by the Evening Standard in July 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> a group of British journalists (including Toby Helm, David Cesarani and Daniel Kahtan) who Mr Thomson claims never to have met, retaliated by alleging that Thomson's 1994 book, <i>The Next World Order</i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemason" title="Freemason" class="mw-redirect">Freemasons</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew" title="Jew">Jews</a> control the governments of Europe and America, and that it was a "big lie" that six million Jews died in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust" class="mw-redirect">Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_2-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-Helm-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></span> (which had, by then, been out of print for several years), contained allegations that </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In fact Thomson had simply stated that it is a “big lie” to assert that those whom Arthur Koestler has described as “the thirteenth tribe” are descended from the Tribe of Israel (Jacob the son of Isaac) when in fact they are not descended from Shem, the son of Noah, but from Yapheth, the son of Noah. Thomson had allegedly written that Jews have no right to live in what he called "the Holy Land," because they are not a "pure race," and are therefore not the biblical Israelites. In fact he had simply pointed out that the homeland of the descendants of the Khazars is between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, not Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Elsewhere it was alleged that Thomson has said that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> was used as an excuse for U.S. troops, "including thousands of Jews," to occupy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Helm_2-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-Helm-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> that the invasion of Iraq was "part of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> plan,"<sup id="cite_ref-TJ_29-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-TJ-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> to realise the publicly declared Zionist aim of establishing the Greater Eretz between the Nile and the Euphrates.</span> and</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">By using each other as their sources, these journalists created the impression that their articles were thoroughly researched and were therefore eligible to be regarded as “reliable sources” by newspapers and internet bloggers alike.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Asked about Thomson's role as an informal advisor to the government, a government spokesperson told the <i>Daily Telegraph</i>: "We talk to a lot of people, including many whose views we do not necessarily agree with,"<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_2-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-Helm-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> – and some whose views are deliberately distorted by the media in order to encourage involuntary disagreement with them from the outset, just in case they might possibly have something worthwhile to say.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Thomson responded to the reports by saying that the story was "grossly distorted." He said that he had not denied the Holocaust and that: "I have always said that one unjust death is one too many."<sup id="cite_ref-TJ_29-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-TJ-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> At present only the slaughter of Muslim civilians requires independent verification. He also wrote, “To be anti-Zionism is not to be racist or anti-Jewish”, and, “To be anti-Zionism is not to be anti-Semitic”, and, “To be anti-Zionism is not to be a conspiracy theorist.”<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Views_on_Islam" id="Views_on_Islam"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Thomson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Views on Islam">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Views on Islam</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Thomson has written that "radical Islam" is a contradiction in terms. "It is not possible to be a true <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> and simultaneously a violent <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> He has also written unequivocally against any form of military-industrial-complex dictated, bank authorized, state sponsored, indiscriminate laser precision bombing (whether this involves the collective punishment of civilians or their decimation or their genocide) or suicide bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Thomson has also been quoted as saying: “Islam is not just a matter of words. As the Prophet said, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ‘The Shahada is easy on the tongue, but much flows from it.’ Ever since I said Shahada, I have lived every moment of my life finding out what it entails. It is a process that never ends.”<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> The Shahada is to bear witness that there is no god other than Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">When describing his first pilgrimage to Makka, Thomson wrote: “When I had first embraced Islam some four years earlier, I had known next to nothing about it, other than the fact that the community of Muslims whom I had joined were more knowledgeable and radiant and better behaved than any other human beings that I had ever met during my life up until then. I had embraced Islam in the hope of acquiring that knowledge and radiance and courteous behaviour, and as time passed my hopes were gradually fulfilled, as, little by little I learned about and tried to embody the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, may the Blessings and Peace of Allah be on him.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Thomson has also been quoted as saying: “Islam is the solution, not the problem. It’s a wonderful time to be Muslim because we’re at the beginning of a new chapter. Never be afraid to be who you are. Have trust in Allah and He will protect you,” and, “Islam is safety and salvation. It provides us with the courtesy and generosity to step back from such petty disputes in this world, to live our brief lives with nobility and wisdom – and to connect our hearts to Allah and the certain promise of something ever lasting, the peace of the Garden in the next world.”<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 2009 he gave a talk at Cambridge University entitled <i>Shariah Law: A Stairway to Heaven</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Thomson#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Book_Reviews" id="Book_Reviews"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Thomson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Book Reviews">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Book Reviews</span></span></h2> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://www.black-stone.net/books/Quran_Review.html" class="external text" title="http://www.black-stone.net/books/Quran_Review.html" rel="nofollow">Qur'an Review</a> Review of the Bewley translation of the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></i> by Ahmad Thomson</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Review of <a href="http://zakat.wordpress.com/2007/04/17/zakat-raising-a-fallen-pillar-book-review-by-ahmad-thomson/" class="external text" title="http://zakat.wordpress.com/2007/04/17/zakat-raising-a-fallen-pillar-book-review-by-ahmad-thomson/" rel="nofollow">Zakat - Raising a Fallen Pillar, by Hajj Abdalhaqq Bewley and Hajj Amal Abdalhakim Douglas</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Review of <a href="http://ibnayyub.wordpress.com/2009/04/21/book-review-islam-%E2%80%93-its-basic-practices-and-beliefs-by-abdalhaqq-bewley/" class="external text" title="http://ibnayyub.wordpress.com/2009/04/21/book-review-islam-–-its-basic-practices-and-beliefs-by-abdalhaqq-bewley/" rel="nofollow">Islam – Its Basic Practices and Beliefs by Hajj Abdalhaqq Bewley</a></span></li></ul>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-80214312629151510342009-07-10T05:37:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:38:14.333-07:00Akhenaton (rapper)<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Akhenaton (real name Philippe Fragione, born <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1968-09-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">17 September</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a></span> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rapper</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">producer</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_hip_hop" title="French hip hop">French hip hop</a>. He has also worked under the aliases Chill, AKH, Sentenza, and Spectre. He became famous as a member of the group <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAM_%28band%29" title="IAM (band)">IAM</a>, and has since made a number of records, both with IAM and as a solo artist.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Akhenaton has also worked as a producer, producing songs for several French rappers and groups such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passi" title="Passi">Passi</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomy_Bugsy" title="Stomy Bugsy">Stomy Bugsy</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiens_de_Paille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiens de Paille (page does not exist)">Chiens de Paille</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonky_Family" title="Fonky Family">Fonky Family</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_%28rapper%29" title="Freeman (rapper)">Freeman</a> (a fellow member of IAM who has since made his break as a solo artist), La Brigade, Le 3ème Œil, etc. He is the creator of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a> Côté Obscur, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing_house" title="Publishing house" class="mw-redirect">publishing house</a> La Cosca, and the vinyl record label 361.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhenaton_%28rapper%29&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Akhenaton was born Philippe Fragione in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1968-09-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">17 September</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a></span>, and spent his youth in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan-de-Cuques" title="Plan-de-Cuques">Plan-de-Cuques</a>, a small village on the outskirts of the city. In 1981, he discovered hip hop music and started traveling frequently to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> where he received the nickname "Chill Phil". At about the same time, back in Marseille, he met Éric Mazel, a DJ who would later be known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A9ops" title="Khéops">Khéops</a>. Mazel and Fragione started working together to advance the cause of French hip hop.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1988, Fragione debuted as a hip hop theorist, publishing the essay <i>La deuxième génération du hip-hop</i> (The second generation of hip-hop) in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzine</a> <i>Vé</i>. The same year, he appeared on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-side" title="B-side" class="mw-redirect">B-side</a> of the US rapper <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MC_Choice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MC Choice (page does not exist)">MC Choice</a>'s single "Let's Make Some Noise". Having returned to Marseille, he met Geoffroy Mussard (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shurik%27n" title="Shurik'n">Shurik'n</a>) and Malek Brahimi (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_%28rapper%29" title="Freeman (rapper)">Freeman</a>). Fragione became known as Akhenaton, and together with Khéops and Shurik'n formed the group <i>B.Boys Stance</i>, renamed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAM_%28band%29" title="IAM (band)">IAM</a> in 1989. The group was later joined by Freeman, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imhotep_%28DJ%29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imhotep (DJ) (page does not exist)">Imhotep</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kephren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kephren (page does not exist)">Kephren</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Four of the six members of IAM chose ancient Egyptian names as stage names. It should be noted that that Akhenaton also converted to Islam from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaton_%28rapper%29#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaton_%28rapper%29#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>.</span> Musicologists argue that Akhenaton and the other members of IAM index the modern Arab world through the use of their names. Instead of overtly pointing out North African countries and the turmoil that has surrounded the contemporary Arab community, the Egyptian names allow the audience to covertly draw parallels between IAM and North Africa.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Instead of focusing on violence and rebellion like many other French rappers, Akhenaton and IAM remain true to their hometown, Marseille. Violent protests, arson and looting have been prominent among French youth, but in Marseille rap has remained fairly innocuous. Akhenaton explains that rappers in Marseille are more socially conscious than most hip hop artists because they feel a strong sense of community.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhenaton_%28rapper%29#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After IAM's first three albums' success, Akhenaton released his first solo album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9t%C3%A8que_et_mat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Métèque et mat (page does not exist)">Métèque et mat</a></i>, in 1995. The album sold 300,000 copies, and it was followed by <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sol_Invictus_%28album%29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol Invictus (album) (page does not exist)">Sol Invictus</a></i> in 2001. He began to delve into his other projects, such as producing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passi" title="Passi">Passi</a>'s album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_tentations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les tentations (page does not exist)">Les tentations</a></i> (1997) and the 2001 film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comme_un_aimant" title="Comme un aimant">Comme un aimant</a></i>. He continued working with IAM, releasing the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revoir_un_printemps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revoir un printemps (page does not exist)">Revoir un printemps</a></i> in 2003 and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saison_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saison 5 (page does not exist)">Saison 5</a></i> in 2007.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Discography_.28solo.29" id="Discography_.28solo.29"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akhenaton_%28rapper%29&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discography (solo)">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Discography (solo)</span></span></h2> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">1995: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9t%C3%A8que_et_mat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Métèque et mat (page does not exist)">Métèque et mat</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">1998: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxi_%281998_movie%29" title="Taxi (1998 movie)" class="mw-redirect">Taxi</a></i>, original <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">soundtrack</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">2000: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comme_un_aimant" title="Comme un aimant">Comme un aimant</a></i>, original soundtrack</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">2000: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electro_Cypher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electro Cypher (page does not exist)">Electro Cypher</a></i>, compilation</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">2001: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sol_Invictus_%28album%29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sol Invictus (album) (page does not exist)">Sol Invictus</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">2002: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Album_%28Akhenaton%29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Album (Akhenaton) (page does not exist)">Black Album</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">2006: <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soldats_de_fortune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soldats de fortune (page does not exist)">Soldats de fortune</a></i></span></li></ul>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-55097343299061328362009-07-10T05:32:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:36:58.241-07:00Alexander Litvinenko<p><b>Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko</b> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru" lang="ru">Алекса́ндр Ва́льтерович Литвине́нко</span>) (30 August 1962<sup id="cite_ref-independent_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-independent-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> – 23 November 2006) was an officer who served in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet" title="Soviet" class="mw-redirect">Soviet</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> and its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> successor, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service" class="mw-redirect">Federal Security Service</a> (FSB). In November 1998, Litvinenko and several other FSB officers publicly accused their superiors of ordering the assassination of Russian tycoon and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_oligarch#Russia" title="Business oligarch">oligarch</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky" title="Boris Berezovsky">Boris Berezovsky</a>. Litvinenko was arrested the following March on charges of exceeding his authority at work. He was acquitted in November 1999 but re-arrested before the charges were again dismissed in 2000. He fled with his family to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and was granted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_asylum" title="Political asylum" class="mw-redirect">asylum</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, where he became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">writer</a>.</p> <p>During his time in London Litvinenko authored two books, "<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowing_up_Russia:_Terror_from_within" title="Blowing up Russia: Terror from within">Blowing up Russia: Terror from within</a></i>" and "<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubyanka_Criminal_Group" title="Lubyanka Criminal Group">Lubyanka Criminal Group</a>,</i>" where he accused <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation" class="mw-redirect">Russian secret services</a> of staging the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings" title="Russian apartment bombings">Russian apartment bombings</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_state_terrorism_by_Russia" title="Allegations of state terrorism by Russia">other terrorism acts</a> in an effort to bring <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> to power. He also accused Putin of ordering the murder of Russian journalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a>.</p> <p>On 1 November 2006 Litvinenko <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko_poisoning" title="Alexander Litvinenko poisoning">suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised</a> in what was established as a case of poisoning by radioactive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium-210</a> and resulted in his death on 23 November. The events leading up to his poisoning and death are a matter of controversy, spawning numerous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko_assassination_theories" title="Alexander Litvinenko assassination theories">theories relating to his poisoning and death</a>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> investigation into his death resulted in a failed request to Russia for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Lugovoy" title="Andrey Lugovoy">Andrey Lugovoy</a> whom they accused of Litvinenko's murder, contributing to the further cooling of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations" class="mw-redirect">Russia–United Kingdom relations</a>.</p> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Early_life_and_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and career</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Career_in_Russian_security_services"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career in Russian security services</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Claims_against_FSB_leadership"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Claims against FSB leadership</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Dismissal_from_the_FSB"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dismissal from the FSB</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Arrest"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Arrest</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Flight_from_Russia_and_asylum_in_the_United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Flight from Russia and asylum in the United Kingdom</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Alleged_career_in_MI6"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alleged career in MI6</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Alleged_threats_against_Litvinenko"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Alleged threats against Litvinenko</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Alleged_blackmail_activities"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Alleged blackmail activities</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Conviction_in_Russia"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Conviction in Russia</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Allegations"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Armenian_parliament_shooting"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Armenian parliament shooting</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Russian_apartment_bombings"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Russian apartment bombings</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Moscow_theatre_hostage_crisis"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Moscow theatre hostage crisis</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Beslan_school_hostage_crisis"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Beslan school hostage crisis</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Support_of_terrorism_worldwide_by_the_KGB_and_FSB"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Support of terrorism worldwide by the KGB and FSB</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Alleged_Russia-al-Qaeda_connection"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Alleged Russia-al-Qaeda connection</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Danish_cartoon_controversy"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Danish cartoon controversy</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Assassination_of_Anna_Politkovskaya"><span class="tocnumber">4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Allegations_concerning_Romano_Prodi"><span class="tocnumber">4.9</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations concerning Romano Prodi</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Other_allegations"><span class="tocnumber">4.10</span> <span class="toctext">Other allegations</span></a></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Poisoning_and_death"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Poisoning and death</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Conversion_to_Islam"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Conversion to Islam</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Death_and_last_statement"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Death and last statement</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Theories_and_investigations_into_death"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Theories and investigations into death</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#UK_criminal_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">UK criminal investigation</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Russian_criminal_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Russian criminal investigation</span></a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#His_books"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">His books</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#Books_and_Films_about_him"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Books and Films about him</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="Early_life_and_career" id="Early_life_and_career"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Early life and career</span></h2> <p>Alexander Litvinenko was born the son of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> Walter Litvinenko in the Russian city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-telegraph-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> After he graduated from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_school" title="High school">secondary school</a> in 1980 he was drafted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_Troops" title="Internal Troops">Internal Troops</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs" title="Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs" class="mw-redirect">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> as a Private. After a year of service, he matriculated in the Kirov Higher Command School in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a>. After graduation in 1985, Litvinenko became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a> commander in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dzerzhinsky_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzerzhinsky Division (page does not exist)">Dzerzhinsky Division</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_%28Soviet_Union%29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union) (page does not exist)">Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs</a>. He was assigned to the 4th Company, where among his duties was the protection of valuable cargo whilst in transit.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_0-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-independent-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1986 he became an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informant" title="Informant">informant</a> when he was recruited by the MVD's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterintelligence" title="Counterintelligence" class="mw-redirect">counterintelligence</a> section and in 1988 he was officially transferred to the Third Chief Directorate of the KGB, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_counterintelligence_of_the_Soviet_Army" title="Military counterintelligence of the Soviet Army">Military Counter Intelligence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Later that year, after studying for a year at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> Military Counter Intelligence School, he became an operational officer and served in KGB military counterintelligence until 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Career_in_Russian_security_services" id="Career_in_Russian_security_services"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career in Russian security services">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Career in Russian security services</span></h2> <p>In 1991, he was promoted to the Central Staff of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Counterintelligence_Service" title="Federal Counterintelligence Service">Federal Counterintelligence Service</a>, specialising in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-terrorism" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorist</a> activities and infiltration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organised crime</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> He was awarded the title of "MUR veteran" for operations conducted with the Moscow criminal investigation department, the MUR.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Litvinenko also saw active military service in many of the so-called "hot spots" of the former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR" title="USSR" class="mw-redirect">USSR</a> and Russia.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> During the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a> Litvinenko planted several FSB agents in Chechnya. Litvinenko also served as a foot soldier during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye_hostage_crisis" title="Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis">Russian operation</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestani</a> village of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pervomayskoye_%28Dagestan%29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pervomayskoye (Dagestan) (page does not exist)">Pervomayskoye</a>, where two of his comrades were killed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a> from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">rocket artillery</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Although he was oft reported as being a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spy" title="Spy" class="mw-redirect">spy</a>, throughout his career he was not an '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_agent" title="Intelligence agent" class="mw-redirect">intelligence agent</a>' and did not deal with secrets beyond information on operations against organised criminal groups.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MI6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-MI6-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maria_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-Maria-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Livtinenko met <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky" title="Boris Berezovsky">Boris Berezovsky</a> in 1994 when he took part in investigations into an assassination attempt on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_oligarch" title="Business oligarch">oligarch</a>. He later began to <a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moonlighting" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:moonlighting">moonlight</a> for Berezovsky where he was responsible for the oligarch's security.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The moonlighting by Litvinenko and other security services personnel was illegal, but the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">State</a> somewhat tolerated it in order to retain personnel who were at the time underpaid.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko's moonlighting for the controversial businessman was not investigated, but often investigations in Russia were selective and often targeted only at those who had stepped out of line.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>´</p> <p>In 1997, Litvinenko was promoted to the FSB Directorate of Analysis and Suppression of Criminal Groups, with the title of senior operational officer and deputy head of the Seventh Section.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri_Simes" title="Dimitri Simes">Dimitri Simes</a>, the Directorate was viewed as much as a part of organised crime as it was of law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>While in exile, Berezovsky had to fight legal battles over his holdings in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_bere_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-nyt_bere-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> According to New York Times, there is a suspicion that Berezovsky's later critical activities against the Russian government could simply be an attempt to orchestrate a political crisis for Putin and win political asylum in Britain as a means to protect permanently the wealth he carved out of Russia in the early days, when the pickings were easy.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_bere_9-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-nyt_bere-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Claims_against_FSB_leadership" id="Claims_against_FSB_leadership"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Claims against FSB leadership">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Claims against FSB leadership</span></h3> <p>According to his widow Marina, during Litvinenko's tenure of employment in the FSB he discovered numerous connections between top brass of Russian law enforcement agencies and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_mafia" title="Russian mafia" class="mw-redirect">Russian mafia</a> groups, such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solntsevskaya_bratva" title="Solntsevskaya bratva">Solntsevo gang</a>, which he detailed in a memorandum to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" title="The time period in the vicinity of this tag is ambiguous from March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)">when?</a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from March 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Berezovsky arranged a meeting for him with FSB Director <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Barsukov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Barsukov (page does not exist)">Mikhail Barsukov</a> and Deputy Director of Internal affairs Ovchinnikov to discuss the alleged corruption problems, with no result, leading him to come to the conclusion that the entire system was corrupt.<sup id="cite_ref-Wistle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-Wistle-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In December 1997 he claimed he received an order to kill Berezovsky, but didn't inform his part-time employer until 20 March 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agentura2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-agentura2006-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> According to his widow, on 25 July 1998, the day on which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> replaced <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kovalev" title="Nikolai Kovalev" class="mw-redirect">Nikolai Kovalev</a> as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service#Heads_of_the_FSB" title="Federal Security Service" class="mw-redirect">the Director of the Federal Security Service</a>, Berezovsky introduced Litvinenko to Putin, whom Berezovsky claimed he had helped to install into the Director's position.<sup id="cite_ref-Meeting_12-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-Meeting-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> According to his widow, Litvinenko reported to Putin on corruption in the FSB, but Putin was unimpressed.<sup id="cite_ref-Meeting_12-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-Meeting-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On 13 November 1998 Berezovsky wrote an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> to Putin in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a>, in which he accused Director of the Directorate of Analysis and Suppression of Criminal Groups Major-General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yevgeny_Khokholkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yevgeny Khokholkov (page does not exist)">Yevgeny Khokholkov</a> and his deputies of ordering the oligarch's assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> On 17 November 1998, Litvinenko and four other officers, all of whom were in the employ of both the FSB in the Directorate of Analysis and Suppression of Criminal Groups and of Boris Berezovsky on a part-time basis,<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> appeared together in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_conference" title="News conference">press conference</a> at the Russian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">news agency</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a>, at which they repeated the allegation made by Berezovsky four days previous, but offered no evidence to support the accusations.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agentura2006_11-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-agentura2006-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The officers also claimed they were ordered to kill <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Trepashkin" title="Mikhail Trepashkin">Mikhail Trepashkin</a>, who was also present at the press conference, and to kidnap a brother of the businessman Umar Dzhabrailov.<sup id="cite_ref-agentura2006_11-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-agentura2006-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2007, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Dorenko" title="Sergey Dorenko">Sergey Dorenko</a> provided <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Associated_Press" title="The Associated Press" class="mw-redirect">The Associated Press</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> with a complete copy of an April 1998 interview he conducted for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_One_%28Russia%29" title="Channel One (Russia)">ORT television station</a> with Litvinenko and his fellow employees. The interview, of which only excerpts were shown in 1998, shows the FSB officers, who were disguised in masks or dark glasses, claim that their bosses had ordered them to kill, kidnap or frame prominent Russian politicians and businesspeople. Critics have charged that the interview was a ruse developed by Berezovsky, and Jim Heintz of The Associated Press opined that although Berezovsky does not appears in the interview, he has an omnipresence in it, given that that officers worked for him, and the interview was taped by Dorenko, a Russian journalist who was an employee of the then-Berezovsky-owned ORT, and who was subsequently fired in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Dismissal_from_the_FSB" id="Dismissal_from_the_FSB"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dismissal from the FSB">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Dismissal from the FSB</span></h3> <p>After holding the press conference, Litvinenko was dismissed from the FSB.<sup id="cite_ref-rian_litvinenko_15-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-rian_litvinenko-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Putin said later in interview to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Tregubova" title="Yelena Tregubova">Yelena Tregubova</a> that he personally ordered the dismissal of Litvinenko, stating "I fired Litvinenko and disbanded his unit ...because FSB officers should not stage press conferences. This is not their job. And they should not make internal scandals public."<sup id="cite_ref-dissident_16-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dissident-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko also believed that Putin was behind his arrest. He said: "Putin had the power to decide whether to pass my file to the prosecutors or not. He always hated me. And there was a bonus for him: by throwing me to the wolves he distanced himself from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky" title="Boris Berezovsky">Boris</a> in the eyes of FSB's generals."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Arrest" id="Arrest"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arrest">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Arrest</span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="image" title="Wiki letter w.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" height="20" width="20" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This section requires <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit" rel="nofollow">expansion</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>He was then arrested twice on charges which were dropped after he had spent time in Moscow prisons.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> In 1999, he was arrested on charges of abusing duties.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> He was released a month later after signing a written undertaking not to leave the country.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from February 2009" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></p> <p><a name="Flight_from_Russia_and_asylum_in_the_United_Kingdom" id="Flight_from_Russia_and_asylum_in_the_United_Kingdom"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flight from Russia and asylum in the United Kingdom">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Flight from Russia and asylum in the United Kingdom</span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="image" title="Wiki letter w.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" height="20" width="20" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">This section requires <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit" rel="nofollow">expansion</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>In October 2000, in violation of an order not to leave Moscow, Litvinenko and his family travelled to Turkey, possibly via Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-ihtcowell_18-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-ihtcowell-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Whilst in Turkey, Litvinenko applied for asylum at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_States" title="Diplomatic missions of the United States" class="mw-redirect">United States Embassy</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, but his application was denied.<sup id="cite_ref-ihtcowell_18-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-ihtcowell-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Plater-Zyberk" title="Henry Plater-Zyberk">Henry Plater-Zyberk</a> opined that the denial of application may have been based upon on a possible American opinion that Litvinenko's knowledge was of little benefit and that he may create problems.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> With the help of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Goldfarb_%28microbiologist_and_activist%29" title="Alexander Goldfarb (microbiologist and activist)" class="mw-redirect">Alexander Goldfarb</a>, Litvinenko bought air tickets for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>-London-Moscow flight,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> and asked for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_asylum" title="Political asylum" class="mw-redirect">political asylum</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport" class="mw-redirect">Heathrow Airport</a> during the transit stop on 1 November 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Political asylum was granted on 14 May 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> not because of his knowledge on intelligence matters, but rather on humanitarian grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Whilst in London he became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> for the separatist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a> and a controversial <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a>, and also joined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezovsky" title="Berezovsky">Berezovsky</a> in campaigning against Putin's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-dunkerley_22-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dunkerley-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sakwa_23-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-sakwa-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> In October 2006 he became a naturalised <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British citizen</a> with residence in Whitehaven.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Alleged_career_in_MI6" id="Alleged_career_in_MI6"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alleged career in MI6">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Alleged career in MI6</span></h3> <p>On 27 October 2007, the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i>, citing "diplomatic and intelligence sources," stated that Mr Litvinenko was paid about £2,000 per month by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MI6" title="MI6" class="mw-redirect">MI6</a> at the time of his murder. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scarlett" title="John Scarlett">John Scarlett</a>, the head of MI6 who was once based in Moscow, was allegedly personally involved in recruiting him.<sup id="cite_ref-MI6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-MI6-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> stated that whilst whether Litvinenko was or was not receiving a retainer from MI6 will likely never be known, MI6 regularly provided payments to exiles, and the retainer would indicate that there was a cooperative relationship between the two parties.<sup id="cite_ref-ind020508_25-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-ind020508-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Alleged_threats_against_Litvinenko" id="Alleged_threats_against_Litvinenko"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alleged threats against Litvinenko">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Alleged threats against Litvinenko</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2686.vid-0008-l-.jpg" class="image" title="An image of the Alexander Litvinenko target (far left) at the Vityaz Training Centre."><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a2/2686.vid-0008-l-.jpg/180px-2686.vid-0008-l-.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="137" width="180" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2686.vid-0008-l-.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> An image of the Alexander Litvinenko target (far left) at the Vityaz Training Centre.</div> </div> </div> <p>Former FSB officer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Trepashkin" title="Mikhail Trepashkin">Mikhail Trepashkin</a> stated he warned in 2002 that an FSB unit was assigned to assassinate Litvinenko.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> In spite of this, Litvinenko often travelled overseas with no security arrangements, and freely mingled with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Russians in the United Kingdom">Russian community in the United Kingdom</a>, and often received journalists at his home.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-julia_27-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-julia-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> In January 2007, Polish newspaper <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziennik" title="Dziennik" class="mw-redirect">Dziennik</a></i> revealed that a target with a photo of Litvinenko on it was used for shooting practice by the <i>Vityaz Training Centre</i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a> in October 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-dziennik_28-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dziennik-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> The centre run by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Lyusyuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergey Lyusyuk (page does not exist)">Sergey Lyusyuk</a> is not affiliated with the government, and trains <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">bodyguards</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_collector" title="Debt collector" class="mw-redirect">debt collectors</a> and private security forces,<sup id="cite_ref-kommshoot_29-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-kommshoot-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> although in November 2006 the centre was used by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vityaz_%28MVD%29" title="Vityaz (MVD)">Vityaz</a> for a qualification examination due to their own centre being under renovation.<sup id="cite_ref-kommshoot_29-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-kommshoot-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> The targets, which Lyusyuk says were bought in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olympic_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympic Market (page does not exist)">Olympic Market</a>, were also photographed when the chairman of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Council_of_Russia" title="Federation Council of Russia">Federation Council of Russia</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Mironov" title="Sergei Mironov" class="mw-redirect">Sergei Mironov</a> visited the centre and met Lyusyuk on 7 November 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-dziennik_28-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dziennik-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kommshoot_29-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-kommshoot-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> When asked why the photographs of Mironov's visit were removed from the centre's website Lyusyuk stated "(t)hose Poles are up to something" and added that Mironov didn't see the targets and knew nothing about them.<sup id="cite_ref-kommshoot_29-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-kommshoot-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Alleged_blackmail_activities" id="Alleged_blackmail_activities"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alleged blackmail activities">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Alleged blackmail activities</span></h3> <p>According to Julia Svetlichnaya, a Russian doctoral candidate at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">University of Westminster</a>'s Center for the Study of Democracy, Litvinenko told her that he was planning to blackmail or sell sensitive information on a wide range of people, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarch" title="Oligarch">oligarchs</a>, allegedly corrupt official and figures within the Kremlin hierarchy, in which he would extort <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Pound" title="British Pound" class="mw-redirect">£</a>10,000 per instance to have him stop publication of alleged documents. Svetlichnaya noted that Litvinenko didn't have a steady income and was certain he could obtain the necessary files for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_blackmail_30-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-observer_blackmail-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> According to The Observer, Litvinenko's alleged threats and access to FSB materials may have turned him into an enemy of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_business" title="Big business" class="mw-redirect">big business</a> and the Kremlin.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_blackmail_30-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-observer_blackmail-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Conviction_in_Russia" id="Conviction_in_Russia"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Conviction in Russia">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Conviction in Russia</span></h3> <p>In 2002 he was convicted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_absentia" title="In absentia">in absentia</a> in Russia and given a three and a half year jail sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-guardobit_31-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-guardobit-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Allegations" id="Allegations"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Allegations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Allegations</span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unbalanced_scales.svg" class="image" title="Unbalanced scales.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/40px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" height="35" width="40" /></a></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><b>This section's representation of one or more viewpoints about a controversial issue may be unbalanced or inaccurate.</b><br />Please <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit" rel="nofollow">improve the article</a> or discuss the issue on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Litvinenko" title="Talk:Alexander Litvinenko">talk page</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Litvinenko told anyone who would listen about his theories relating to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">power structures in Russia</a>, and would bombard his contacts with relating to his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" title="Conspiracy theories" class="mw-redirect">conspiracy theories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-julia_27-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-julia-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-from_russia_with_lies_32-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-from_russia_with_lies-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> In a report for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_Studies_Research_Centre" title="Conflict Studies Research Centre">Conflict Studies Research Centre</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Plater-Zyberk" title="Henry Plater-Zyberk">Henry Plater-Zyberk</a>, a lecturer at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Academy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Academy of the United Kingdom">Defence Academy of the United Kingdom</a> and Russian politics expert, described Litvinenko as a one-man disinformation bureau, who was at first guided by Berezovsky but later in possible pursuit of attention for himself. Plater-Zyberk notes that Litvinenko made numerous accusations without presenting any evidence to give credence to his claims, and these claims which became increasingly outlandish were often accepted by the British media without question.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> According to Michael Mainville, Litvinenko knew the secret to a conspiracy theory is that they are based upon an absence of proof, and that the more outlandish the claim, the harder it is to disprove.<sup id="cite_ref-from_russia_with_lies_32-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-from_russia_with_lies-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> which has lead to some political analysts to dismiss his claims as those of a fantasist.<sup id="cite_ref-observer_blackmail_30-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-observer_blackmail-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Armenian_parliament_shooting" id="Armenian_parliament_shooting"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Armenian parliament shooting">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Armenian parliament shooting</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Armenian_parliament_shooting" title="1999 Armenian parliament shooting">1999 Armenian parliament shooting</a></div> <p>Litvinenko accused the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General-Staff of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Russia" title="Military of Russia" class="mw-redirect">Russian armed forces</a> had organised the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Armenian_parliament_shooting" title="1999 Armenian parliament shooting">1999 Armenian parliament shooting</a> that killed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Prime Minister of Armenia</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan" title="Vazgen Sargsyan">Vazgen Sargsyan</a>, ostensibly to derail the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">peace process</a> which would have resolved the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> conflict, but he offered no evidence to support the accusation.<sup id="cite_ref-csrc_2-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-csrc-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Russia" title="Diplomatic missions of Russia" class="mw-redirect">Russian embassy</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> denied any such involvement, and described Litvinenko's accusation as an attempt to harm relations between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and Russia by people against the democratic reforms in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Russian_apartment_bombings" id="Russian_apartment_bombings"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russian apartment bombings">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Russian apartment bombings</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings" title="Russian apartment bombings">Russian apartment bombings</a></div> <p>Litvinenko alleged that agents from the FSB coordinated the 1999 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings" title="Russian apartment bombings">Russian apartment bombings</a> that killed more than 300 people, whereas Russian officials blamed the explosions on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_separatists" title="Chechen separatists" class="mw-redirect">Chechen separatists</a>. This version of events was suggested earlier by David Satter,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Yushenkov" title="Sergei Yushenkov">Sergei Yushenkov</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairperson" title="Chairperson" class="mw-redirect">vice chairman</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Kovalev" title="Sergei Kovalev">Sergei Kovalev</a> commission created by the Russian Parliament to investigate the bombings.</p> <p><a name="Moscow_theatre_hostage_crisis" id="Moscow_theatre_hostage_crisis"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Moscow theatre hostage crisis">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Moscow theatre hostage crisis</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_theatre_hostage_crisis" title="Moscow theatre hostage crisis" class="mw-redirect">Moscow theatre hostage crisis</a></div> <p>In a 2003 interview with the Australian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_TV" title="SBS TV" class="mw-redirect">SBS TV</a> network, and aired on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dateline_%28Australian_TV_program%29" title="Dateline (Australian TV program)">Dateline</a></i>, Litvinenko claimed that two of the Chechen terrorists involved in the 2002 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_theatre_hostage_crisis" title="Moscow theatre hostage crisis" class="mw-redirect">Moscow theatre siege</a> — whom he named as "Abdul the Bloody" and "Abu Bakar" — were working for the FSB, and that the agency manipulated the rebels into staging the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko said: "[w]hen they tried to find [Abdul the Bloody and Abu Bakar] among the dead terrorists, they weren't there. The FSB got its agents out. So the FSB agents among Chechens organized the whole thing on FSB orders, and those agents were released." This echoed similar claims made by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Trepashkin" title="Mikhail Trepashkin">Mikhail Trepashkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> The leading role of an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSB_%28Russia%29" title="FSB (Russia)" class="mw-redirect">FSB</a> agent <i>Khanpasha Terkibaev</i> (the "Abu Bakar") was also described by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Rybkin" title="Ivan Rybkin">Ivan Rybkin</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Khinshtein" title="Alexander Khinshtein">Alexander Khinshtein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> In the beginning of April 2003 Litvinenko gave "the Terkibaev file" to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Yushenkov" title="Sergei Yushenkov">Sergei Yushenkov</a> when he visited London, who in turn passed it to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dissident_16-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dissident-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> A few days later Yushenkov was assassinated. Terkibaev was later killed in Chechnya. According to speaker of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_State_Duma" title="Russian State Duma" class="mw-redirect">Russian State Duma</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Rybkin" title="Ivan Rybkin">Ivan Rybkin</a>, "The authorities failed to keep [the FSB agent] Terkibaev out of public view, and that is why he was killed. I know how angry people were, because they knew Terkibaev had authorization from presidential administration." <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Beslan_school_hostage_crisis" id="Beslan_school_hostage_crisis"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Beslan school hostage crisis">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Beslan school hostage crisis</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beslan_school_hostage_crisis#Allegations_of_a_false_flag_operation_directed_by_the_Russian_government" title="Beslan school hostage crisis">Beslan school hostage crisis#Allegations_of_a_false_flag_operation_directed_by_the_Russian_government</a></div> <p>Alexander Litvinenko suggested in September 2004 that the Russian secret services must have been aware of the plot beforehand, and therefore that they must have themselves organized the attack as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag" title="False flag">false flag</a> operation. He spoke in an interview before his death with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a> news agency, and said that because of the fact that the hostage takers had previously been in FSB custody for committing terrorist attacks, it is inconceivable that they would have been released and still been able to carry out attacks independently. He said that they would only have been freed if they were of use to the FSB, and that even in the case that they were freed without being turned into FSB assets, they would be under a strict surveillance regime that would not have allowed them to carry out the Beslan attack unnoticed.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-44"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> Ella Kesayeva, co-chair of the group <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_Beslan" title="Voice of Beslan">Voice of Beslan</a>, formalized Litvinenko's argument in a November 2008 article in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta" title="Novaya Gazeta">Novaya Gazeta</a>, noting the large number of hostage takers who were in government custody not long before attacking the school, and coming to the same conclusion that Beslan was a false flag attack.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Support_of_terrorism_worldwide_by_the_KGB_and_FSB" id="Support_of_terrorism_worldwide_by_the_KGB_and_FSB"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Support of terrorism worldwide by the KGB and FSB">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Support of terrorism worldwide by the KGB and FSB</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_state_terrorism_by_Russia" title="Allegations of state terrorism by Russia">Allegations of state terrorism by Russia</a></div> <p>Litvinenko stated that "all the bloodiest terrorists of the world" were connected to FSB-KGB, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilich_Ram%C3%ADrez_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Ilich Ramírez Sánchez" class="mw-redirect">Carlos "The Jackal" Ramírez</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassir_Arafat" title="Yassir Arafat" class="mw-redirect">Yassir Arafat</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Abdullah Öcalan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hawi" title="George Hawi">George Hawi</a> who led the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lebanon" title="Communist Party of Lebanon" class="mw-redirect">Communist Party of Lebanon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezekias_Papaioannou" title="Ezekias Papaioannou">Ezekias Papaioannou</a> from Cyprus, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Garland" title="Sean Garland" class="mw-redirect">Sean Garland</a> from Ireland and many others." He says that all of them were trained, funded, and provided with weapons, explosives and counterfeit documents in order to carry out terrorist attacks worldwide and that each act of terrorism made by these people was carried out according to the task and under the rigid control of the KGB of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSR" title="USSR" class="mw-redirect">USSR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iii_46-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-iii-46"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko said that "the center of global terrorism is not in Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan or the Chechen Republic. The terrorism infection creeps away worldwide from the cabinets of the Lubyanka Square and the Kremlin".<sup id="cite_ref-co_47-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-co-47"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Alleged_Russia-al-Qaeda_connection" id="Alleged_Russia-al-Qaeda_connection"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Alleged Russia-al-Qaeda connection">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Alleged Russia-al-Qaeda connection</span></h3> <p>In a July 2005 interview with the Polish newspaper <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczpospolita_%28newspaper%29" title="Rzeczpospolita (newspaper)">Rzeczpospolita</a></i>, Litvinenko alleged that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a>, a prominent leader of al-Qaeda, was trained for half of a year by the FSB in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a> in 1997 and called him "an old agent of the FSB"<sup id="cite_ref-iii_46-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-iii-46"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko said that after this training, Ayman al-Zawahiri "was transferred to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, where he had never been before and where, following the recommendation of his Lubyanka chiefs, he at once ... penetrated the milieu of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin_Laden" title="Bin Laden" class="mw-redirect">bin Laden</a> and soon became his assistant in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda" title="Al Qaeda" class="mw-redirect">al Qaeda</a>." <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> Former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> officer and writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Preobrazhenskiy" title="Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy" class="mw-redirect">Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy</a> supported this claim and said that Litvinenko "was responsible for securing the secrecy of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zawahiri" title="Al-Zawahiri" class="mw-redirect">Al-Zawahiri</a>'s arrival in Russia, who was trained by FSB instructors in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a>, Northern Caucasus, in 1996-1997" <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup>. He said: "At that time, Litvinenko was the Head of the Subdivision for Internationally Wanted Terrorists of the First Department of the Operative-Inquiry Directorate of the FSB Anti-Terrorist Department. He was ordered to undertake the delicate mission of securing Al-Zawahiri from unintentional disclosure by the Russian police. Though Al-Zawahiri had been brought to Russia by the FSB using a false passport, it was still possible for the police to learn about his arrival and report to Moscow for verification. Such a process could disclose Al-Zawahiri as an FSB collaborator. In order to prevent this, Litvinenko visited a group of the highly placed police officers to notify them in advance." According to FSB spokesman Sergei Ignatchenko, Ayman al-Zawahiri was arrested by Russian authorities in Dagestan in December 1996 and released in May 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>When asked in an interview who he thought the originator of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">2005 bombings in London</a> was, Litvinenko responded saying<sup id="cite_ref-iii_46-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-iii-46"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> <i>"You know, I have spoken about it earlier and I shall say now, that I know only one organization, which has made terrorism the main tool of solving of political problems. It is the Russian special services."</i></p> <p>On 1 September 2005, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda" title="Al Qaeda" class="mw-redirect">Al Qaeda</a> members <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Ayman al-Zawahiri">Ayman al-Zawahiri</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Sidique_Khan" title="Mohammad Sidique Khan">Mohammad Sidique Khan</a> claimed responsibility for the attacks on a video tape which aired on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jazeera" title="Al-Jazeera" class="mw-redirect">al-Jazeera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Danish_cartoon_controversy" id="Danish_cartoon_controversy"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Danish cartoon controversy">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Danish cartoon controversy</span></h3> <p>According to Litvinenko, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">2005 controversy</a> over the publication in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspapers_in_Denmark" title="Newspapers in Denmark" class="mw-redirect">Danish newspaper</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten" title="Jyllands-Posten">Jyllands-Posten</a> of editorial cartoons depicting the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> was orchestrated by the FSB to punish <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> for its refusal to extradite <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen separatists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-from_russia_with_lies_32-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-from_russia_with_lies-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Assassination_of_Anna_Politkovskaya" id="Assassination_of_Anna_Politkovskaya"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya_assassination" title="Anna Politkovskaya assassination">Anna Politkovskaya assassination</a></div> <p>Two weeks before his poisoning, Alexander Litvinenko accused <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> of ordering the assassination of Russian journalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a> and stated that a former presidential candidate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irina_Hakamada" title="Irina Hakamada">Irina Hakamada</a> warned Politkovskaya about threats to her life coming from Russian president. Litvinenko advised Politkovskaya to escape from Russia immediately. Hakamada denied her involvement in passing any specific threats, and said that she warned Politkovskaya only in general terms more than a year ago.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> It remains unclear if Litvinenko referred to an earlier statement made by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky" title="Boris Berezovsky">Boris Berezovsky</a> who claimed that former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Nemtsov" title="Boris Nemtsov">Boris Nemtsov</a> received a word from Hakamada that Putin threatened her and like-minded colleagues in person. According to Berezovsky, Putin uttered that Hakamada and her colleagues "will take in the head immediately, literally, not figuratively" if they "open the mouth" about the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings" title="Russian apartment bombings">Russian apartment bombings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Allegations_concerning_Romano_Prodi" id="Allegations_concerning_Romano_Prodi"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Allegations concerning Romano Prodi">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Allegations concerning Romano Prodi</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Mitrokhin_Commission" title="Italian Mitrokhin Commission" class="mw-redirect">Italian Mitrokhin Commission</a></div> <p>According to Litvinenko, FSB deputy chief, General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Trofimov" title="Anatoly Trofimov">Anatoly Trofimov</a> said to him "Don’t go to Italy, there are many KGB agents among the politicians. Romano Prodi is our man there",<sup id="cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_56-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-56"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mosnews.com_57-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-mosnews.com-57"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> meaning <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a>, the Italian centre-left leader, former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> and former President of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. The conversation with Trofimov took place in 2000, after the Prodi-KGB scandal broke out in October 1999 due to information about Prodi provided by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Mitrokhin" title="Vasili Mitrokhin">Vasili Mitrokhin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meeting_12-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-Meeting-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In April 2006, a British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> for London, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" title="United Kingdom Independence Party">United Kingdom Independence Party</a> (UKIP) demanded an inquiry into the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-europarl.europa.eu_56-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-europarl.europa.eu-56"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mosnews.com_57-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-mosnews.com-57"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>-based newspaper, <i>the EU Reporter</i> on 3 April 2006, "another high-level source, a former KGB operative in London, has confirmed the story".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> On 26 April 2006, Batten repeated his call for a parliamentary inquiry, revealing that "former, senior members of the KGB are willing to testify in such an investigation, under the right conditions." He added, "It is not acceptable that this situation is unresolved, given the importance of Russia's relations with the European Union."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> On 22 January 2007, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITV_News" title="ITV News">ITV News</a> released documents and video footage, from February 2006, in which Litvinenko repeated his statements about Prodi.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_60-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-bb-60"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A report by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_Studies_Research_Centre" title="Conflict Studies Research Centre">Conflict Studies Research Centre</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Academy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Academy of the United Kingdom">Defence Academy of the United Kingdom</a> from May 2007 noted that Trofimov was never the head of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSB" title="FSB">FSB</a>, which did not oversee intelligence operations, had never worked in the intelligence directorate of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> or its successor the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVR" title="SVR">SVR</a>, nor had he worked in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterintelligence" title="Counterintelligence" class="mw-redirect">counterintelligence</a> department of the intelligence services, nor had he ever worked in Italy, making it difficult to understand how Trofimov would have had knowledge about such a recruitment. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Plater-Zyberk" title="Henry Plater-Zyberk">Henry Plater-Zyberk</a>, the co-author of the report suggested that Trofimov was "conveniently dead", so "could neither confirm nor deny the story", and noted Litvinenko's history of making accusations without evidence to back them up.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Other_allegations" id="Other_allegations"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other allegations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Other allegations</span></h3> <p>In his book <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_from_Lubyanka" title="Gang from Lubyanka" class="mw-redirect">Gang from Lubyanka</a></i>, Litvinenko alleged that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> during his time at the FSB was personally involved in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">protecting</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_trafficking" title="Drug trafficking" class="mw-redirect">drug trafficking</a> from Afghanistan organized by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Dostum" title="Abdul Rashid Dostum">Abdul Rashid Dostum</a> <a href="http://www.compromat.ru/main/fsb/litvinenkolpgg4.htm" class="external autonumber" title="http://www.compromat.ru/main/fsb/litvinenkolpgg4.htm" rel="nofollow">[2]</a>. In December 2003 Russian authorities confiscated over 4000 copies of the book.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Litvinenko commented on a new law that "Russia has the right to carry out preemptive strikes on militant bases abroad" and explained that these "preemptive strikes may involve anything, except nuclear weapons," Litvinenko said that "You know who they mean when they say 'terrorist bases abroad'? They mean us, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Zakayev" title="Akhmed Zakayev">Zakayev</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky" title="Boris Berezovsky">Boris</a>, and me."<sup id="cite_ref-dissident_16-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dissident-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>. He also said that "It was considered in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation" class="mw-redirect">our service</a> that poison is an easier weapon than a pistol." He referred to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_laboratory_of_the_Soviet_secret_services" title="Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services">a secret laboratory in Moscow</a> that still continues development of deadly poisons, according to him.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In an article written by Litvinenko in July 2006, and published online on Zakayev's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechenpress" title="Chechenpress">Chechenpress</a> website, he claimed that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paedophile" title="Paedophile" class="mw-redirect">paedophile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko also claimed that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Trofimov" title="Anatoly Trofimov">Anatoly Trofimov</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artyom_Borovik" title="Artyom Borovik">Artyom Borovik</a> knew of the alleged paedophilia.<sup id="cite_ref-chechrus_66-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-chechrus-66"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> The claims have been called "wild",<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_67-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-guardian-67"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup> and "sensational and unsubstantiated"<sup id="cite_ref-dailymail_68-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dailymail-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Media in the United Kingdom" class="mw-redirect">British media</a>. Litvinenko made the allegation after Putin kissed a boy on his belly whilst stopping to chat with some tourists during a walk in the Kremlin grounds on 28 June 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-dailymail_68-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dailymail-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup> The incident was recalled in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">webcast</a> organised by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a>, in which over 11,000 people asked Putin to explain the act, to which he responded, "He seemed very independent and serious... I wanted to cuddle him like a kitten and it came out in this gesture. He seemed so nice...There is nothing behind it."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that the incident was a "clumsy attempt" to soften Putin's image in the lead-up the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32nd_G8_Summit" title="32nd G8 Summit" class="mw-redirect">32nd G8 Summit</a> which was held in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in July 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-dailymail_68-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dailymail-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Poisoning_and_death" id="Poisoning_and_death"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Poisoning and death">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Poisoning and death</span></h2> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko_poisoning" title="Alexander Litvinenko poisoning">Alexander Litvinenko poisoning</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlexanderLitvinenkoHospital.jpg" class="image" title="Alexander Litvinenko at University College Hospital"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/AlexanderLitvinenkoHospital.jpg/180px-AlexanderLitvinenkoHospital.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="130" width="180" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlexanderLitvinenkoHospital.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> Alexander Litvinenko at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_College_Hospital" title="University College Hospital">University College Hospital</a></div> </div> </div> <p>On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised. His illness was later attributed to poisoning with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radionuclide</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium-210</a> after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Protection_Agency" title="Health Protection Agency">Health Protection Agency</a> found significant amounts of the rare and highly toxic element in his body. In interviews, Litvinenko stated that he met with two former KGB agents early on the day he fell ill - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Kovtun" title="Dmitry Kovtun">Dmitry Kovtun</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Lugovoi" title="Andrei Lugovoi" class="mw-redirect">Andrei Lugovoi</a>, though they deny any wrongdoing. The men also introduced Litvinenko to a tall, thin man of central Asian appearance called 'Vladislav Sokolenko' who Lugovoi said was a business partner. Lugovoi is also a former bodyguard of Russian ex-prime minister <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yegor_Gaidar" title="Yegor Gaidar">Yegor Gaidar</a> (who also suffered from a mysterious illness in November 2006). Later, he had lunch at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsu" title="Itsu">Itsu</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">sushi</a> restaurant in Picadilly in London, with an Italian acquaintance and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_waste" title="Nuclear waste" class="mw-redirect">nuclear waste</a> expert, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Scaramella" title="Mario Scaramella">Mario Scaramella</a>, to whom he made the allegations regarding Italy's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Italy" title="Prime minister of Italy" class="mw-redirect">Prime Minister</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> Scaramella, attached to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitrokhin_Commission#Mitrokhin_Commission" title="Mitrokhin Commission">Mitrokhin Commission</a> investigating KGB penetration of Italian politics, claimed to have information on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya_assassination" title="Anna Politkovskaya assassination">assassination</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a>, 48, a journalist who was killed at her Moscow apartment in October 2006.</p> <p>Marina Litvinenko, widow of the deceased, accused Moscow of orchestrating the murder. Though she believes the order did not come from Putin himself, she does believe it was done at the behest of the authorities, and announced that she will refuse to provide evidence to any Russian investigation out of fear that it would be misused or misrepresented.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-71"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Conversion_to_Islam" id="Conversion_to_Islam"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Conversion to Islam">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Conversion to Islam</span></h3> <p>Two days before his death Litvinenko informed his father that he had converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. According to his father, Litvinenko had become increasingly disenchanted with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> and had been contemplating conversion for "some time." Litvinenko's conversion to Islam and the related wish for Muslim funeral rites were recognized by his father. However, his widow, Marina, as well as his close friend (and press spokesman during his illness), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Goldfarb_%28author%29" title="Alexander Goldfarb (author)" class="mw-redirect">Alexander Goldfarb</a>, preferred a non-denominational ceremony. Goldfarb stated, "Unfortunately some people appeared and against the explicit wishes of the widow performed Muslim rites over the funeral. We had a choice to turn it into an unseemly situation, but Marina asked us to respect the memory of Alexander and let these people do what they did. Let God be their judge." Ghayasuddin Siddiqui, head of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Parliament" title="Muslim Parliament" class="mw-redirect">Muslim Parliament</a> of Great Britain, contended that Litvineko actually converted to Islam 10 days before he was poisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-72"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-74"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhmed_Zakayev" title="Akhmed Zakayev">Akhmed Zakayev</a>, Foreign Minister of Chechen government-in-exile who lived next door to Mr Litvinenko and considered him "like a brother,"<sup id="cite_ref-key_figures_75-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-key_figures-75"><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup> said: "He was read to from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> the day before he died and had told his wife and family that he wanted to be buried in accordance with Muslim tradition."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-76"><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Death_and_last_statement" id="Death_and_last_statement"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Death and last statement">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Death and last statement</span></h3> <p>On 22 November, Litvinenko's medical staff at University College Hospital reported he had suffered a "major setback" due to either heart failure or an overnight heart attack. He died on 23 November, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a> stated that inquiries into the circumstances of how Litvinenko became ill would continue.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-77"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On 24 November, a posthumous statement was released, in which Litvinenko directly accused Vladimir Putin of poisoning him. Litvinenko's friend <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Goldfarb_%28author%29" title="Alexander Goldfarb (author)" class="mw-redirect">Alex Goldfarb</a>, who is also the chairman of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky" title="Boris Berezovsky">Boris Berezovsky</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Civil_Liberties" title="International Foundation for Civil Liberties">Civil Liberties Fund</a>, claimed Litvinenko had dictated it to him three days earlier. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Nekrasov" title="Andrei Nekrasov">Andrei Nekrasov</a> said his friend Litvinenko and Litvinenko's lawyer composed the statement in Russian on 21 November and translated it to English.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-78"><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Putin disputed the authenticity of this note while attending a Russia-EU summit in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> and claimed it was being used for political purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-79"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup> William Dunkerley, in a briefing from May 2007 for a round table which discussed Litvinenko's case and the way it was handled by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Russia" title="Media of Russia" class="mw-redirect">Russian</a> and Western media, called into question the authenticity of the statement, noting that the statement did not read like a statement made on one's deathbed and was typed in English, a language which Litvinenko was far from proficient in, with the signature and date handwritten.<sup id="cite_ref-dunkerley_22-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-dunkerley-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Goldfarb later stated that Litvinenko instructed him to write a note "in good English" in which Putin was to be accused of his poisoning. Goldfarb also stated that he read the note to Litvinenko in English and Russian, to which he claims Litvinenko agreed "with every word of it" and signed it.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-81"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LitvinenkoGrave.JPG" class="image" title="Grave of Alexander Litvinenko at Highgate Cemetery"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/LitvinenkoGrave.JPG/180px-LitvinenkoGrave.JPG" class="thumbimage" height="135" width="180" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LitvinenkoGrave.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15" /></a></div> Grave of Alexander Litvinenko at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate_Cemetery" title="Highgate Cemetery">Highgate Cemetery</a></div> </div> </div> <p>His <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmortem" title="Postmortem" class="mw-redirect">postmortem</a> took place on 1 December at the Royal London Hospital's institute of pathology. It was attended by three physicians, including one chosen by the family and one from the Foreign Office.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-82"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> Litvinenko was buried at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highgate_Cemetery" title="Highgate Cemetery">Highgate Cemetery</a> in north London on 7 December.<sup id="cite_ref-funeral_83-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-funeral-83"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> The police are treating his death as murder.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-84"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> On 25 November, two days after Litvinenko's death, an article attributed to him was published by <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">The Mail on Sunday</a></i> entitled "Why I believe Putin wanted me dead".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-85"><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In an interview with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> broadcast on 16 December 2006, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Shvets" title="Yuri Shvets">Yuri Shvets</a> said that Litvinenko had created a '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_diligence" title="Due diligence">due diligence</a>' report investigating the activities of a senior Kremlin official on behalf of a British company looking to invest "dozens of millions of dollars" in a project in Russia. He said the dossier was so incriminating about the senior Kremlin official, who was not named, it was likely that Litvinenko was murdered out of spite. He alleged that Litvinenko had shown the dossier to another business associate, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Lugovoi" title="Andrei Lugovoi" class="mw-redirect">Andrei Lugovoi</a>, who had worked for the KGB and later the FSB. Shvets alleged that Lugovoi is still an FSB informant and he had spread copies of the dossier to members of the spy service. He said he was interviewed about his allegations by Scotland Yard detectives investigating Litvinenko's murder. Shvets has also doubted Litvinenko's capacity to perform honest unbiased due diligence.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-86"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> The poisoning and consequent death of Litvinenko was not widely covered in the Russian news media.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-87"><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Dejevsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Dejevsky (page does not exist)">Mary Dejevsky</a>, the chief editorial writer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, the view that the British public had of Litvinenko's illness and death was essentially dictated by Berezovsky, who funded an expertly conducted publicity campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_berezovsky_88-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-independent_berezovsky-88"><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Theories_and_investigations_into_death" id="Theories_and_investigations_into_death"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Theories and investigations into death">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Theories and investigations into death</span></h3> <div class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvinenko_assassination_theories" title="Litvinenko assassination theories" class="mw-redirect">Litvinenko assassination theories</a></div> <p><a name="UK_criminal_investigation" id="UK_criminal_investigation"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: UK criminal investigation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">UK criminal investigation</span></h4> <p>On 20 January 2007 British police announced that they have "identified the man they believe poisoned Alexander Litvinenko. The suspected killer was captured on cameras at Heathrow as he flew into Britain to carry out the murder."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-89"><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup> The man in question was introduced to Litvinenko as 'Vladislav'.</p> <p>As of 26 January 2007, British officials said police had solved the murder of Litvinenko. They discovered "a 'hot' teapot at London's Millennium Hotel with an off-the-charts reading for polonium-210, the radioactive material used in the killing." In addition, a senior official said investigators had concluded the murder of Litvinenko was "a 'state-sponsored' assassination orchestrated by Russian security services." The police want to charge former Russian spy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Lugovoi" title="Andrei Lugovoi" class="mw-redirect">Andrei Lugovoi</a>, who met with Litvinenko on 1 November 2006, the day officials believe the lethal dose of polonium-210 was administered.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_90-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-abc-90"><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On the same day, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported that the British government was preparing an extradition request asking that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Lugovoi" title="Andrei Lugovoi" class="mw-redirect">Andrei Lugovoi</a> be returned to the UK to stand trial for Litvinenko's murder.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_91-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-guardian.co.uk-91"><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup> On 22 May 2007 the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Prosecution_Service" title="Crown Prosecution Service">Crown Prosecution Service</a> called for the extradition of Russian citizen Andrei Lugovoi to the UK on charges of murder .<sup id="cite_ref-bbc27may07_92-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-bbc27may07-92"><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup> Lugovoi dismissed the claims against him as "politically motivated" and said he did not kill Litvinenko.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-93"><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A British police investigation resulted in several suspects for the murder, but in May 2007, the British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions" title="Director of Public Prosecutions" class="mw-redirect">Director of Public Prosecutions</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Macdonald" title="Ken Macdonald">Ken Macdonald</a>, announced that his government would seek to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradite</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Lugovoi" title="Andrei Lugovoi" class="mw-redirect">Andrei Lugovoi</a>, the chief suspect of the case, from Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-94"><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup> On 28 May 2007, the British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">Foreign Office</a> officially submitted a request to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a> for the extradition of Lugovoi to face criminal charges in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-95"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="Russian_criminal_investigation" id="Russian_criminal_investigation"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Litvinenko&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Russian criminal investigation">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Russian criminal investigation</span></h4> <p>On 5 July 2007, Russia officially declined to extradite Lugovoi, citing that extradition of citizens is not allowed under the Russian constitution. Russia has said that they could take on the case themselves if Britain provided evidence against Lugovoi but Britain has not handed over any evidence. The head of the investigating committee at the General Prosecutor's Office said Russia has not yet received any evidence from Britain on Lugovoi. "We have not received any evidence from London of Lugovoi's guilt, and those documents we have are full of blank spaces and contradictions.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-96"><span>[</span>97<span>]</span></a></sup> However the British ambassador to Russia, Anne Pringle, stated that London has already submitted sufficient evidence to extradite him to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko#cite_note-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-64119040683585650862009-07-10T05:28:00.002-07:002009-07-10T05:32:01.498-07:00Alexander Russell Webb<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1846-11-09"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="11-09"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1846" title="1846">1846</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson,_New_York" title="Hudson, New York">Hudson, New York</a> – <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1916-10-01"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="10-01"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="Rutherford, New Jersey">Rutherford, New Jersey</a>) was an American writer and publisher.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Russell_Webb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">His father, Alexander Nelson Webb, was a leading <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> of his day and perhaps influenced his son’s later journalistic exploits.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Webb received his early education at the Home School in Glendale, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson,_New_York" title="Hudson, New York">Hudson, New York</a>. He became editor of the <i>Unionville Republican</i>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionville,_Missouri" title="Unionville, Missouri">Unionville, Missouri</a>. His prowess as a journalist was soon apparent, and he was offered the city editorship of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joseph_Gazette" title="St. Joseph Gazette">St. Joseph Gazette</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri" class="mw-redirect">St. Joseph, Missouri</a>. Next he became associate editor of the Missouri Morning Journal. Later he became the Assistant City Editor of the <i>Missouri Republican</i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>. This newspaper was the second oldest and largest daily newspaper at that time.</span> and later attended Claverack College, an advanced high school near </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">While working for the Missouri Republican, he was appointed (in September, 1887) by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">President Cleveland</a> to be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_%28representative%29" title="Consul (representative)">Consular Representative</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> at the U.S. office at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. According to the editor of his book <i>The Three Lectures</i>, he had given up any concept of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> at least fifteen years before that point.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He started his life as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian" title="Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect">Presbyterian</a> but found it dull and restraining. As early as 1881 he started a search for his true faith by reading in books from a well stocked library of over 13,000 volumes that he had access to. He started his study with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and finding it lacking, he began to study <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. In 1888, he <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahadah" title="Shahadah" class="mw-redirect">formally declared himself to be a Muslim</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">At that time he had yet to meet a Muslim but was put in contact with several Muslims in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> by a local <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsi_people" title="Parsi people" class="mw-redirect">Parsi</a> businessman. A newspaper publisher, Budruddin Abdulla Kur of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay" title="Bombay" class="mw-redirect">Bombay</a>, published several of Webb's letters in his paper. A local businessman, Hajee Abdulla Arab, saw these letters and went to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> to see Webb.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After the visit, Webb began plans to tour India and then return to the U.S. to propagate Islam. Webb's wife, Ella G. Webb, and their three children had also accepted Islam. Hajee Abdulla returned to India and raised funds for Webb's tour. Webb visited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poona" title="Poona" class="mw-redirect">Poona</a>, Bombay, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" title="Calcutta" class="mw-redirect">Calcutta</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras" title="Madras" class="mw-redirect">Madras</a> and gave speeches in each town.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">All are published at least once separately and some are published in collection. His <i>Islam in America</i> and all later works were basically derived from rewrites of these successful speeches.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He resigned his post in 1892 and toured India then returned to the U.S. His family stayed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> until he sent for them.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Settling in New York, he established the Oriental Publishing Company at 1122 Upper Broadway. This company published his writings (including his magnum opus- <i>Islam in America</i>), such as:</span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><i>Islam in America</i> - contained 70 pages divided into eight chapters namely:</span></li></ul> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">I) <i>Why I Became a Muslim</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">II) <i>An Outline of Islamic Faith</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">III) <i>The Five Pillars of Practice</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">IV) <i>Islam in Its Philosophic Aspect</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">V) <i>Polygamy and the Purdah</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">VI) <i>Popular Errors Refuted</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">VII) <i>The Muslim Defensive Wars</i></span></dd><dd><span style="font-size:130%;">VIII) <i>The American Islamic Propaganda</i></span></dd></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Along with this venture he started the organ of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Muslim_Propagation_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Muslim Propagation Movement (page does not exist)">American Muslim Propagation Movement</a> called <i>Moslem World</i>. The first issue appeared <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1893-05-12"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="05-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a></span>, and was dedicated to <i>The Interests of the American Islamic Propaganda</i> and "[t]o spread the light of Islam in America". It lasted for seven monthly issues (May to November 1893).</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In December 1893, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_A._Lant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John A. Lant (page does not exist)">John A. Lant</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emin_L._Nabakoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emin L. Nabakoff (page does not exist)">Emin L. Nabakoff</a> broke from Webb's movement and formed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Society_for_the_Study_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Society for the Study of Islam (page does not exist)">First Society for the Study of Islam</a> and set up shop in Union Square.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Webb was the main representative for Islam at the 1893 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_World%E2%80%99s_Religions" title="Parliament of the World’s Religions" class="mw-redirect">World Parliament of Religions</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. On September 20th and 21st, 1893, he gave two speeches. His speeches were entitled: <i>The Influence of Islam Upon Social Conditions</i> and <i>The Spirit of Islam</i> and were published in the large two volume proceedings of the Parliament called <i>The First World's Parliament of Religions</i> (1894).</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">For the rest of his life he was the main spokesman for Islam in America. Many of America’s most prominent thinkers heard him speak on the Islamic Faith, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_%28New_York_City%29" title="Broadway (New York City)">Broadway</a>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, he founded a short-lived <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid" class="mw-redirect">masjid</a>. The reasons for the termination of this Masjid are unknown, but it could be due to a lack of financial support from India. Throughout the rest of America he started study circles, i.e. in Chicago, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, Manhattan, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect">Pittsburgh</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland" class="mw-redirect">Cleveland</a>. They were named Mecca Study Circle No. I (NYC), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran" class="mw-redirect">Koran</a> Study Circle, Capital Study Circle No. 4, etc. Each using an Islamic city or reference in its title. It is likely they studied Webb's works and those he suggested. The last meeting was in 1943 in Manhattan and was attended by his daughter Aliyyah.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He is also known for his writing of two booklets about the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide" title="Armenian Genocide">Armenian Genocide</a><i>The Armenian Troubles and Where the Responsibility Lies</i> and <i>A Few Facts About <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> Under the Rule of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a></i>. He was appointed the Honorary Turkish Consul in New York by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></span> from a Muslim point of view: Abdul Hamid II. The Sultan had been shown plans by Webb for a Muslim cemetery and Masjid and complimented Webb on them. These plans never materialized.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">From 1898 to the time of his death on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1916-10-01"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="10-01"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a></span>, aged 69, he lived in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford,_New_Jersey" title="Rutherford, New Jersey">Rutherford, New Jersey</a>. There he owned and edited the “Rutherford Times”. He was buried in Hillside Cemetery on the outskirts of Rutherford.</span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-74315303896347363142009-07-10T05:28:00.001-07:002009-07-10T05:28:52.195-07:00André Carson<p><b>André D. Carson</b> (born October 16, 1974) is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States Representative</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 7th congressional district">Indiana's 7th congressional district</a> and the grandson of his predecessor, former U.S. Representative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Carson" title="Julia Carson">Julia Carson</a> (1997–2007).<sup id="cite_ref-sworn_in_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-sworn_in-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Carson, who is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a>, describes himself as "an Orthodox, universal, secular <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Holladay_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-Holladay-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> He is the second Muslim to serve in the U.S. Congress, after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Ellison_%28politician%29" title="Keith Ellison (politician)">Keith Ellison</a> (D-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a>), and is the first Muslim elected to federal office from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>. He is currently the youngest Democratic Member of Congress.</p> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#Political_career"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political career</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#U.S._House_of_Representatives_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. House of Representatives campaign</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#Committee_assignments"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Committee assignments</span></a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#Election_history"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Election history</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Carson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></h2> <p>Carson is a native of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" title="Indianapolis, Indiana" class="mw-redirect">Indianapolis, Indiana</a>. He attended Indianapolis Public Schools and is a graduate of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenal_Technical_High_School" title="Arsenal Technical High School">Arsenal Technical High School</a>. Carson went on to graduate with a Bachelor's degree in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_justice" title="Criminal justice">Criminal Justice Management</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_University_Wisconsin" title="Concordia University Wisconsin">Concordia University Wisconsin</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Management</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Wesleyan_University" title="Indiana Wesleyan University">Indiana Wesleyan University</a>. He was a local board officer and investigator for the Indiana State Excise Police for nine years. He also served in the Indiana Department of Homeland Security at the Intelligence Fusion Center, supervising an anti-terrorism unit. He was a marketing specialist for Cripe Architects + Engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-biography_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-biography-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> He is also a Democratic Party committeeperson in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_Township,_Marion_County,_Indiana" title="Center Township, Marion County, Indiana">Center Township</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana" title="Marion County, Indiana">Marion County, Indiana</a>.</p> <p>He, his wife Mariama, and daughter Salimah live in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_Creek_Place,_Indianapolis" title="Fall Creek Place, Indianapolis">Fall Creek Place</a> neighborhood of Indianapolis.</p> <p><a name="Political_career" id="Political_career"></a></p> <h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Carson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Political career</span></h3> <p>Carson was elected to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis_City-County_Council" title="Indianapolis City-County Council">Indianapolis City-County Council</a> in 2007 to replace Councillor Patrice Abdullah in the 15th Council district of Indianapolis. Abduallah resigned his seat before completing his term.<sup id="cite_ref-council_election_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-council_election-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a name="U.S._House_of_Representatives_campaign" id="U.S._House_of_Representatives_campaign"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Carson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives campaign">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">U.S. House of Representatives campaign</span></h4> <p>André Carson won the Nominating Caucus of the Marion County Democratic Party for the Democratic nomination for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_7th_congressional_district_special_election,_2008" title="Indiana's 7th congressional district special election, 2008">special election</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 7th congressional district">Indiana's 7th congressional district</a>, with 223 of 439 votes cast in his favor; the seat became vacant after the death of his grandmother <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Carson" title="Julia Carson">Julia Carson</a>. Carson won the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_7th_congressional_district_special_election,_2008" title="Indiana's 7th congressional district special election, 2008">special election</a> on March 11, 2008, to complete the term of his grandmother, winning 53% of the vote.</p> <p>He was endorsed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BayhEndorse_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-BayhEndorse-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Indianapolis,_Indiana" title="List of mayors of Indianapolis, Indiana" class="mw-redirect">Indianapolis Mayor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_Peterson" title="Bart Peterson">Bart Peterson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Indiana" title="Marion County, Indiana">Marion County</a> Sheriff <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_J._Anderson" title="Frank J. Anderson">Frank J. Anderson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FJABEendorse_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-FJABEendorse-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> current <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representative</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 8th congressional district">Indiana's 8th district</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Ellsworth" title="Brad Ellsworth">Brad Ellsworth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FJABEendorse_6-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-FJABEendorse-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> retired U.S. Congressman <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jacobs,_Jr." title="Andrew Jacobs, Jr.">Andy Jacobs, Jr</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a>. Carson is not a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> and denies any specific link to Farrakhan. According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">the Jewish Daily Forward</a>, "André Carson is fighting claims about his family’s connection with Farrakhan".<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Daily_Forward_7-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-Jewish_Daily_Forward-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> U.S. House Majority Leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Steny Hoyer</a> (D-MD) and U.S. House Speaker <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D-CA) contributed $4,000 each from their own campaign funds and $10,000 each from their political action committees to the Carson campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Carson ran a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> campaign that included on-foot canvassing by the Neighbors for Carson campaign.</p> <p>Carson defeated Republican State Representative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Elrod" title="Jon Elrod">Jon Elrod</a> and Libertarian Sean Shepard in the special election on March 11, 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Despite speculation to the contrary,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Carson took his oath of office while holding a bound copy of the United States Constitution, not on the Qur'an.<sup id="cite_ref-sworn_in_0-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-sworn_in-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>. This was during a mock swearing-in ceremony as there is no official ceremony for interim Congressmen.</p> <p>Carson endorsed U.S. Presidential Candidate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in April 2008, and later won Obama's endorsement for his own May 2008 Democratic primary battle. Carson was the first of Indiana's five U.S. House Democrats to announce support for a presidential candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Carson is a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a>. In June 2008, he announced he was joining the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Equality Caucus of the U.S. House, chaired by U.S. Representative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Barney Frank</a> (D-MA).</p> <p><a name="Committee_assignments" id="Committee_assignments"></a></p> <h4><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Carson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Committee assignments">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Committee assignments</span></h4> <ul><li><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Committee on Financial Services</a></b> <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_Capital_Markets,_Insurance,_and_Government-Sponsored_Enterprises" title="United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government-Sponsored Enterprises">Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government-Sponsored Enterprises</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_International_Monetary_Policy_and_Trade" title="United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade">Subcommittee on International Monetary Policy and Trade</a></li></ul> </li></ul> <p><a name="Election_history" id="Election_history"></a></p> <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Carson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election history">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Election history</span></h2> <table style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 1em 1em 1em 0pt; background: rgb(249, 249, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233);"> <th colspan="5">United States Representative from Indiana's 7th congressional district, 2008 (special)</th> </tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <th colspan="2" style="width: 15em;">Party</th> <th style="width: 17em;">Candidate</th> <th style="width: 5em;">Votes</th> <th style="width: 7em;">Percentage</th> </tr> <tr class="vcard"> <th style="background-color: rgb(51, 51, 255); width: 2px;"><br /></th> <td class="org" style="width: 130px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td> <td class="fn">André Carson</td> <td align="right">45,668</td> <td align="right">54.0%</td> </tr> <tr class="vcard"> <th style="background-color: rgb(255, 51, 51); width: 2px;"><br /></th> <td class="org" style="width: 130px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td class="fn"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Elrod" title="Jon Elrod">Jon Elrod</a></td> <td align="right">36,415</td> <td align="right">43.1%</td> </tr> <tr class="vcard"> <th style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 0); width: 2px;"><br /></th> <td class="org" style="width: 130px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarian_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></td> <td class="fn">Sean Shepard</td> <td align="right">2,430</td> <td align="right">2.9%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 1em 1em 1em 0pt; background: rgb(249, 249, 249) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr style="background-color: rgb(233, 233, 233);"> <th colspan="5">United States Representative from Indiana's 7th congressional district, 2008</th> </tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#eeeeee"> <th colspan="2" style="width: 15em;">Party</th> <th style="width: 17em;">Candidate</th> <th style="width: 5em;">Votes</th> <th style="width: 7em;">Percentage</th> </tr> <tr class="vcard"> <th style="background-color: rgb(51, 51, 255); width: 2px;"><br /></th> <td class="org" style="width: 130px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td> <td class="fn">André Carson</td> <td align="right">172,650</td> <td align="right">65.1%</td> </tr> <tr class="vcard"> <th style="background-color: rgb(255, 51, 51); width: 2px;"><br /></th> <td class="org" style="width: 130px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td class="fn">Gabrielle Campo</td> <td align="right">92,645</td> <td align="right">34.9%</td> </tr> <tr class="vcard"> <th style="background-color: rgb(255, 51, 51); width: 2px;"><br /></th> <td class="org" style="width: 130px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td class="fn">Delbert Suits (write in)</td> <td align="right">4</td> <td align="right">0.0%</td></tr></tbody></table>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-59465623497193553202009-07-10T05:25:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:27:57.137-07:00Abdul Raheem Green<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abdul Raheem Green (also known as <i>Abdur Rahim Green</i>, <i>Abdur Raheem Green</i><i>Abdul Rahim Green</i>), formerly Anthony Green, born 1964 <sup id="cite_ref-Peace_Tv_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-Peace_Tv-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revert" title="Revert" class="mw-redirect">revert</a>" to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and Islamic lecturer.</span> and "</p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#Recent_activities"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Recent activities</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#Notes_and_references"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notes and references</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#Video_Lectures"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Video Lectures</span></a></span></li></ul> </li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Raheem_Green&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar-es-salaam" title="Dar-es-salaam" class="mw-redirect">Dar-es-salaam</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> to British parents <sup id="cite_ref-Peace_Tv_0-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-Peace_Tv-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>, his father (born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>), Gavin Green, was a colonial administrator in the then extant British Empire. At an early age he moved back to the UK with his parents. His mother is of original <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles" title="Poles">Polish</a> origin <sup id="cite_ref-video.google.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-video.google.com-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-youtube.com-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">At the age of ten<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2007" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> he attended a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic" title="Roman Catholic" class="mw-redirect">Roman Catholic</a> Monastic boarding school at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilling_Castle" title="Gilling Castle">Gilling Castle</a> and then went onto <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampleforth_College" title="Ampleforth College">Ampleforth College</a> and went on to study history in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>. However, he left his education unfinished in an effort to devote himself to Islamic works.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He became dissatisfied with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> at the age of eight <sup id="cite_ref-Peace_Tv_0-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-Peace_Tv-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-video.google.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-video.google.com-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-youtube.com-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Green researched and practiced many religions <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-video.google.com_1-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-video.google.com-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_2-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-youtube.com-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Peace_Tv_0-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-Peace_Tv-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></span> (for three years) before converting to Islam. </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Whilst in Britain his father in 1976 began working for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays_Bank" title="Barclays Bank" class="mw-redirect">Barclays Bank</a> International and was subsequently sent to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, to set up a branch of the bank there.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">His study of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> immediately attracted him to Islam leading to his reversion in 1988. He has given <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%27wah" title="Da'wah" class="mw-redirect">Da'wah</a> in Britain since then. <sup id="cite_ref-Peace_Tv_0-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-Peace_Tv-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Green worked for five years in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">London Central Mosque</a> and Islamic Cultural Centre as the Visits and English Dawa Co-ordinator, but now runs a consultancy, Green and Chambers Consulting, with his friend and fellow convert to Islam Yusuf Chambers, as well as making regular appearances on PeaceTV and Islam Channel.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Personal_life" id="Personal_life"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Raheem_Green&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Personal life</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Green had two wives, now one, who is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British-born&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British-born (page does not exist)">British-born</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani" title="Pakistani" class="mw-redirect">Pakistani</a> origin and has eleven children. Whilst claiming two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wives" title="Wives" class="mw-redirect">wives</a>, Green was asked in an interview: Does not the British law prohibit <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">bigamy</a>? Green responded "It does. Yet several Britishers are bigamists. But those who practise bigamy can protect the second marriage under the provisions of 'common law wives'. Under this children out of such marriages are legitimate and wives inherit property."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Recent_activities" id="Recent_activities"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Raheem_Green&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent activities">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Recent activities</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Currently, he is working with an Islamic media company based in England and engages himself in da’wah activities including lectures on Islam in London’s famous Hyde Park. He is well known for his efforts at the renowned "Speaker’s Corner" in London’s Hyde Park.<sup id="cite_ref-Peace_Tv_0-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-Peace_Tv-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Green has starred many TV-shows on Peace TV, including Peace Missile. He often travels around the world on lecture tours. He was recently in 2008 in Canada holding lectures on different subjects. In 6th to the 7th march 2009, Abdur Raheem Green was on his first trip to Norway, joining up with <i>Det Islamske Nettverk - Islam Net</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Raheem_Green#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> He gave three lectures; On Friday 6th of March he was speaking about "Does God Exist", and on Saturday 7th March he gave the lectures "How I came to Islam" and the "Islam the misunderstood religion" concluding the session.</span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-49483438032778155202009-07-10T05:24:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:25:55.023-07:00Art Blakey<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Arthur (Art) Blakey (October 11, 1919 – October 16, 1990),<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Also known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, he was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drummer" title="Drummer">drummer</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandleader" title="Bandleader">bandleader</a>.</span> </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Roach" title="Max Roach">Max Roach</a>, he was one of the inventors of the modern bebop style of drumming. He is known as a powerful musician and a vital groover; his brand of bluesy, funky <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">hard bop</a> was (and remains) profoundly influential on mainstream jazz. For more than 30 years his band the Jazz Messengers included many young musicians who went on to become prominent names in jazz. The band's legacy is thus not only the often exceptionally fine music it produced, but as a proving ground for several generations of jazz musicians;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Blakey's groups are matched only by those of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> in this regard.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Muslim_Community" title="Ahmadiyya Muslim Community">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a>.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#Early_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Early career</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#The_Jazz_Messengers"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">The Jazz Messengers</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#Later_career"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Later career</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#Jazz_Messengers_alumni"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Jazz Messengers alumni</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#Awards"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Awards</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">(b Pittsburgh, 11 Oct 1919; d New York, 16 Oct 1990). American jazz drummer and bandleader. By the time he was a teenager he was playing the piano full-time, leading a commercial band. Shortly afterwards he taught himself to play the drums in the aggressive swing style of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick_Webb" title="Chick Webb">Chick Webb</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_Catlett" title="Sid Catlett">Sid Catlett</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Bauduc" title="Ray Bauduc">Ray Bauduc</a>, and he joined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lou_Williams" title="Mary Lou Williams">Mary Lou Williams</a> as a drummer for an engagement in New York in autumn 1942. He then toured with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson">Fletcher Henderson</a> Orchestra (1943–4). During his years with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a>’s big band (1944–7) Blakey became associated with the modern-jazz movement, along with his fellow band members <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Navarro" title="Fats Navarro">Fats Navarro</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-GROVE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-GROVE-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1947 Blakey organized the Seventeen Messengers, a rehearsal band, and recorded with an octet called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers" title="The Jazz Messengers" class="mw-redirect">the Jazz Messengers</a>. He then travelled in Africa, probably for more than a year, to learn about Islamic culture. In the early 1950s he performed and broadcast with such musicians as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Parker" title="Charlie Parker">Charlie Parker</a>, Davis and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Brown" title="Clifford Brown">Clifford Brown</a>, and particularly with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a>, his kindred musical spirit of this time. Blakey and Silver recorded together on several occasions, including the album A Night at Birdland (1954, BN), having formed in 1953 a cooperative group with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Mobley" title="Hank Mobley">Hank Mobley</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a>, retaining the name Jazz Messengers. By 1956 Silver had left and the leadership of this important band passed to Blakey, and he remained associated with it until his death. It was the archetypal hard-bop group of the late 1950s, playing a driving, aggressive extension of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bop" title="Bop">bop</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> roots. Over the years the Jazz Messengers served as a springboard for young jazz musicians such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Byrd" title="Donald Byrd">Donald Byrd</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Griffin" title="Johnny Griffin">Johnny Griffin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Mangione" title="Chuck Mangione">Chuck Mangione</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Shaw" title="Woody Shaw">Woody Shaw</a>, JoAnne Brackeen and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a>. Blakey also made a world tour in 1971–2 with the Giants of Jazz (with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Winding" title="Kai Winding">Kai Winding</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Stitt" title="Sonny Stitt">Sonny Stitt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_McKibbon" title="Al McKibbon">Al McKibbon</a>). <sup id="cite_ref-GROVE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-GROVE-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></span> with pronounced </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">From his earliest recording sessions with Eckstine, and particularly in his historic sessions with Monk in 1947, Blakey exuded power and originality, creating a dark cymbal sound punctuated by frequent loud snare- and bass-drum accents in triplets or cross-rhythms. Although Blakey discouraged comparison of his own music with African drumming, he adopted several African devices after his visit in 1948–9, including rapping on the side of the drum and using his elbow on the tom-tom to alter the pitch. His much-imitated trademark, the forceful closing of the hi-hat on every second and fourth beat, was part of his style from 1950–51. A loud and domineering drummer, Blakey also listened and responded to his soloists. His contribution to jazz as a discoverer and moulder of young talent over three decades was no less significant than his very considerable innovations on his instrument. <sup id="cite_ref-GROVE_3-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-GROVE-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Early_career" id="Early_career"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Early career</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In the 1940s, Blakey was a member of bands led by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lou_Williams" title="Mary Lou Williams">Mary Lou Williams</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcher_Henderson" title="Fletcher Henderson">Fletcher Henderson</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Eckstine" title="Billy Eckstine">Billy Eckstine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> He converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> during a visit to West <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> in the late 1940s and took the name Abdullah Ibn Buhaina (which led to the nickname "Bu"). By the late forties and early fifties, Blakey was backing musicians such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Powell" title="Bud Powell">Bud Powell</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> — he is often considered to have been Monk's most empathetic drummer,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> and he played on both Monk's first recording session as a leader (for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note Records</a> in 1947) and his final one (in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1971), as well as many in between.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="The_Jazz_Messengers" id="The_Jazz_Messengers"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Jazz Messengers">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">The Jazz Messengers</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The origins of the Messengers are in a series of groups led or co-led by Blakey and pianist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a>, though the name was not used on the earliest of their recordings. The most celebrated of these early records (credited to "The Art Blakey Quintet"), is <i>A Night at Birdland</i> from February 1954,<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2007" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> one of the earliest commercially released "live" jazz records. This featured Silver, Blakey, the young trumpeter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Brown" title="Clifford Brown">Clifford Brown</a>, alto saxophonist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Donaldson" title="Lou Donaldson">Lou Donaldson</a> and bassist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curly_Russell" title="Curly Russell" class="mw-redirect">Curly Russell</a>. The "Jazz Messengers" name was first used on a 1954 recording nominally led by Silver, with Blakey, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Mobley" title="Hank Mobley">Hank Mobley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Watkins" title="Doug Watkins">Doug Watkins</a> — the same quintet would record <i>The Jazz Messengers at the Cafe Bohemia</i> the following year, still as a collective. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Byrd" title="Donald Byrd">Donald Byrd</a> replaced Dorham, and the group recorded an album called simply <i>The Jazz Messengers</i> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> in 1956. Blakey took over the group name when Silver left after the band's first year (taking Mobley, Byrd and Watkins with him to form a new quintet with a variety of drummers), and the band was known as "Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers" from then onwards.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">From 1959 to 1961 the group featured <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> on tenor saxophone, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jymie_Merritt" title="Jymie Merritt">Jymie Merritt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Timmons" title="Bobby Timmons">Bobby Timmons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The second (1961-1964) was a sextet that added trombonist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Fuller" title="Curtis Fuller">Curtis Fuller</a> and replaced Morgan and Timmons with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Walton" title="Cedar Walton">Cedar Walton</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Shorter was the musical director of the group, and many of his original compositions such as "Lester Left Town" remained staples of Blakey's repertoire even after Shorter's departure. (Other players over the years made permanent marks on Blakey's repertoire — Timmons, composer of "Dat Dere" and "Moanin'", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, composer of "Along Came Betty" and "Are You Real", and, later, Bobby Watson.) Shorter's more experimental inclinations pushed the band at the time into an engagement with the 1960's "New Thing", as it was called: the influence of Coltrane's contemporary records on Impulse! is evident on <i>Free For All</i> (1964), often cited as the greatest document of the Shorter-era Messengers (and certainly one of the most fearsomely powerful examples of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">hard bop</a> on record).<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2007" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Later_career" id="Later_career"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Later career</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Blakey went on to record dozens of albums with a constantly changing group of Jazz Messengers — he had a policy of encouraging young musicians: as he remarked on-mike on <i>A Night at Birdland</i> (1954): "I'm gonna stay with the youngsters. When these get too old I'll get some younger ones. Keeps the mind active."<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup>After weathering the fusion era in the 1970s with some difficulty (recordings from this period are less plentiful and include attempts to incorporate instruments like electric piano), Blakey's band got revitalized in the early 1980s with the advent of neotraditionalist jazz. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a> was for a time the band's trumpeter and musical director, and even after Marsalis's departure Blakey's band continued as a proving ground for many "Young Lions" like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Blanchard" title="Terence Blanchard">Terence Blanchard</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Harrison" title="Donald Harrison">Donald Harrison</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Garrett" title="Kenny Garrett">Kenny Garrett</a>. Blakey continued performing and touring with the group into the late 1980s, and he died in 1990 of lung cancer in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, leaving behind a vast legacy and approach to jazz which is still the model for countless hard-bop players.<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Up to the 1960s Blakey also recorded as a sideman with many other musicians: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Smith_%28musician%29" title="Jimmy Smith (musician)">Jimmy Smith</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbie_Nichols" title="Herbie Nichols">Herbie Nichols</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball_Adderley" title="Cannonball Adderley">Cannonball Adderley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Green" title="Grant Green">Grant Green</a>, and Jazz Messengers graduates <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Mobley" title="Hank Mobley">Hank Mobley</a>, amongst many others. However, after the mid-1960s he mostly concentrated on his own work as a leader.<sup id="cite_ref-ALLMUSIC_0-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey#cite_note-ALLMUSIC-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Jazz_Messengers_alumni" id="Jazz_Messengers_alumni"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jazz Messengers alumni">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Jazz Messengers alumni</span></span></h2> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" style="font-weight: bold;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="image" title="Wiki letter w.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" height="20" width="20" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span style="font-size:130%;">This section requires <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit" rel="nofollow">expansion</a>.</span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dt><span style="font-size:130%;">Piano</span></dt></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hicks_%28jazz_pianist%29" title="John Hicks (jazz pianist)">John Hicks</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Green_%28pianist%29" title="Benny Green (pianist)">Benny Green</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne_Brackeen" title="Joanne Brackeen">Joanne Brackeen</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Walton" title="Cedar Walton">Cedar Walton</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulgrew_Miller" title="Mulgrew Miller">Mulgrew Miller</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Timmons" title="Bobby Timmons">Bobby Timmons</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Brown" title="Donald Brown">Donald Brown</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Davis" title="Walter Davis">Walter Davis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Williams_%28pianist%29" title="James Williams (pianist)" class="mw-redirect">James Williams</a>, Johnny O'Neal, Sam Dockery, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Drew" title="Kenny Drew">Kenny Drew</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Green_%28pianist%29" title="Benny Green (pianist)">Benny Green</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Keezer" title="Geoffrey Keezer">Geoffrey Keezer</a></span></p> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dt><span style="font-size:130%;">Reeds</span></dt></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_McLean" title="Jackie McLean">Jackie McLean</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Mobley" title="Hank Mobley">Hank Mobley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Griffin" title="Johnny Griffin">Johnny Griffin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilmore_%28musician%29" title="John Gilmore (musician)">John Gilmore</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branford_Marsalis" title="Branford Marsalis">Branford Marsalis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Bartz" title="Gary Bartz">Gary Bartz</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Harper" title="Billy Harper">Billy Harper</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Harrison" title="Donald Harrison">Donald Harrison</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Watson" title="Bobby Watson">Bobby Watson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Barlow" title="Dale Barlow">Dale Barlow</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Donaldson" title="Lou Donaldson">Lou Donaldson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Pierce" title="Bill Pierce">Bill Pierce</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Schnitter" title="David Schnitter">David Schnitter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Javon_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Javon Jackson (page does not exist)">Javon Jackson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Sullivan" title="Ira Sullivan">Ira Sullivan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Garrett" title="Kenny Garrett">Kenny Garrett</a></span></p> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dt><span style="font-size:130%;">Trumpet</span></dt></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynton_Marsalis" title="Wynton Marsalis">Wynton Marsalis</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Mangione" title="Chuck Mangione">Chuck Mangione</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Brown" title="Clifford Brown">Clifford Brown</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody_Shaw" title="Woody Shaw">Woody Shaw</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Byrd" title="Donald Byrd">Donald Byrd</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Blanchard" title="Terence Blanchard">Terence Blanchard</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Lynch_%28musician%29" title="Brian Lynch (musician)">Brian Lynch</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hardman" title="Bill Hardman">Bill Hardman</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Ponomarev" title="Valery Ponomarev">Valery Ponomarev</a></span></p> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dt><span style="font-size:130%;">Trombone</span></dt></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Fuller" title="Curtis Fuller">Curtis Fuller</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Eubanks" title="Robin Eubanks">Robin Eubanks</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Davis_%28trombonist%29" title="Steve Davis (trombonist)">Steve Davis (trombonist)</a></span></p> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dt><span style="font-size:130%;">Bass</span></dt></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanky_DeBrest" title="Spanky DeBrest">Spanky DeBrest</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jymie_Merritt" title="Jymie Merritt">Jymie Merritt</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Watkins" title="Doug Watkins">Doug Watkins</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curly_Russell" title="Curly Russell" class="mw-redirect">Curly Russell</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fambrough" title="Charles Fambrough">Charles Fambrough</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Irwin" title="Dennis Irwin">Dennis Irwin</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggie_Workman" title="Reggie Workman">Reggie Workman</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Sproles" title="Victor Sproles">Victor Sproles</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Ware" title="Wilbur Ware">Wilbur Ware</a></span></p> <dl style="font-weight: bold;"><dt><span style="font-size:130%;">Guitar</span></dt></dl> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Eubanks" title="Kevin Eubanks">Kevin Eubanks</a></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Awards" id="Awards"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Awards</span></span></h2> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Jazz Mobile <i>Development and Preservation of Jazz</i> (1970)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival Hall of Fame</a> (1976)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_Beat" title="Down Beat">Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame</a> <i>Reader's Choice Award</i> (1981)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian" title="Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect">Smithsonian Performing Arts</a> <i>Certificate of Appreciation</i> (1982)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Lee Morgan Memorial Award (1982)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jazz_Hall_of_Fame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jazz Hall of Fame (page does not exist)">Jazz Hall of Fame</a> Induction (1982)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Jazz_Instrumental_Performance,_Group" title="Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Group" class="mw-redirect">Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Group</a> (1984) for the album New York Scene</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Jazznote Award (1986)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><i>Doctorate of Music</i> (1987; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King" class="mw-redirect">Martin Luther King</a> Humanitarian Award (1991)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Grammy Hall of Fame" class="mw-redirect">Grammy Hall of Fame</a> Induction for the album <i>Moanin'</i> (2001)</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Pittsburgh Jazz Festival Award</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> (2005; awarded posthumously)</span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Discography" id="Discography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_Blakey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Discography</span></span></h2> <div style="font-weight: bold;" class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle"><span style="font-size:130%;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey_discography" title="Art Blakey discography">Art Blakey discography</a></span></div>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-83760465729264461642009-07-10T05:23:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:24:48.658-07:00Aukai Collins<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Aukai Collins, born on February 13, 1974 is also known as "Aqil Collins" is an American of Nordic descent who converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and fought with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic" title="Islamic" class="mw-redirect">Islamic</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_people" title="Chechen people">Chechen</a> irregulars of the Islamic Republic of Ichkeria. He was wounded in combat with elements of a Russian SPETZNAZ unit from which he subsequently lost his leg. He then, among other things, went on to work as a deep cover intelligence operative for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI" title="FBI" class="mw-redirect">FBI</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FoxNews20020524_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-FoxNews20020524-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salon20020717_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-Salon20020717-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Salon20020717_1-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-Salon20020717-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NationalReviews20020621_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-NationalReviews20020621-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoscowTimes20030721_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-MoscowTimes20030721-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time20020826_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-Time20020826-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Findarticle2003JulyMyJihad_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-Findarticle2003JulyMyJihad-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MaximAugust2002TheWarJunkie_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-MaximAugust2002TheWarJunkie-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span> </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">His exploits, which included contacts with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda" title="Al Qaeda" class="mw-redirect">Al Qaeda</a> leading operatives, are described in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiographical" title="Autobiographical" class="mw-redirect">autobiographical</a> book <i>My Jihad: One American's Journey Through the World of Usama Bin Laden—as a Covert Operative for the American Government</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0743470591" class="internal">ISBN 0743470591</a>). Although he is sometimes referred to as Hawaiian American, he is Caucasian and was born in the United States, having moved to Hawaii for a period in his youth.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In this book he distinguishes between the Chechen armed resistance against the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> army, which he regards as justified according to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> in Al Qaeda style, which he regards as contrary to Islam. He also <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aukai_Collins#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> claims that he warned the bureau (FBI) long before 9/11 that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hani_Hanjour" title="Hani Hanjour">Hani Hanjour</a>, one of the September 11th hijackers, was using a Phoenix flight school as his training ground for terrorism.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He also appears in Canadian-born adventurer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Young_Pelton" title="Robert Young Pelton">Robert Young Pelton</a>'s book, <i>The Hunter, The Hammer, and Heaven: Journeys to Three Worlds Gone Mad</i> and director Lech Kowalski's short film documentary <i>Camera Gun</i></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After authoring My Jihad, Collins became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">bounty hunter</a> which ultimately led to his arrest in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> on weapons charges. He was released in May 2006 after serving a 4 year prison sentence in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.</span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-67597110900265008392009-07-10T05:21:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:23:04.404-07:00Benjamin Chavis Muhammad<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Benjamin Chavis Muhammad is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights" title="Civil rights" class="mw-redirect">civil rights</a> leader. He was born Benjamin Franklin Chavis, Jr. on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1948-01-22"><span class="mw-formatted-date" title="01-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a></span>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948">1948</a></span> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford,_North_Carolina" title="Oxford, North Carolina">Oxford, North Carolina</a>. Since 2001 he has been <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEO" title="CEO" class="mw-redirect">CEO</a> and Co-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman" title="Chairman">Chairman</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hip-Hop_Summit_Action_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hip-Hop Summit Action Network (page does not exist)">Hip-Hop Summit Action Network</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> which he cofounded with hip-hop mogul <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a>.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Education"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#SCLC.2C_CORE.2C_and_AFSCME"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">SCLC, CORE, and AFSCME</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Election_campaign_and_teaching"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Election campaign and teaching</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#United_Church_of_Christ"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">United Church of Christ</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Wilmington_Ten"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Wilmington Ten</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Environmental_racism"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental racism</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#National_Council_of_Churches"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">National Council of Churches</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#NAACP"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">NAACP</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Million_man_march"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Million man march</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Newspaper_and_radio"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Newspaper and radio</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#African_American_Leadership_Summit"><span class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">African American Leadership Summit</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Nation_of_Islam"><span class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">Nation of Islam</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Hip_hop"><span class="tocnumber">3.12</span> <span class="toctext">Hip hop</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Other_memberships"><span class="tocnumber">3.13</span> <span class="toctext">Other memberships</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Personal"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Personal</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Publications"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Publications</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Education" id="Education"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Education</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Chavis was a 1965 graduate of Mary Potter High School in Oxford, and entered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Augustine_College" title="St. Augustine College" class="mw-redirect">St. Augustine College</a> as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">freshman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryMakers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-HistoryMakers-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> He earned a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Charlotte" title="University of North Carolina at Charlotte">University of North Carolina at Charlotte</a> (1969), a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Divinity" title="Master of Divinity">Master of Divinity</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">magna cum laude</a>) from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> (1980), and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Ministry" title="Doctor of Ministry">Doctor of Ministry</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> (1981). He was a graduate student at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Theological_Seminary" title="Union Theological Seminary">Union Theological Seminary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-XtianCent1993_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-XtianCent1993-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlkBio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-BlkBio-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span> from </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Early_life" id="Early_life"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Early life</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">As a twelve year old, Chavis effectively desegregated his hometown's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public library</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whites" title="Whites" class="mw-redirect">whites</a>, becoming the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> with a library card there.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryMakers_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-HistoryMakers-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlkBio_4-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-BlkBio-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span> for </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Career" id="Career"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Career</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="SCLC.2C_CORE.2C_and_AFSCME" id="SCLC.2C_CORE.2C_and_AFSCME"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: SCLC, CORE, and AFSCME">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">SCLC, CORE, and AFSCME</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1965, while a college freshman, Chavis became a statewide youth coordinator in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> for the Reverend Dr. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">Martin Luther King, Jr.</a>, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference</a> (SCLC). He also joined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CORE" title="CORE">CORE</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFSCME" title="AFSCME" class="mw-redirect">AFSCME</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p125_5-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p125-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Election_campaign_and_teaching" id="Election_campaign_and_teaching"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election campaign and teaching">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Election campaign and teaching</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Dr. Chavis also worked for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1968" title="United States presidential election, 1968">presidential campaign</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> in 1968. He then returned to Oxford and taught at the then all-black Mary Potter High School.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="United_Church_of_Christ" id="United_Church_of_Christ"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United Church of Christ">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">United Church of Christ</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Chavis was appointed a field officer in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a> Commission for Racial Justice in 1968. (The commission had been established in 1963 to coordinate justice strategies, community organization, and the like.<sup id="cite_ref-BlkBio_4-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-BlkBio-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>)</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1969, he was appointed Southern Regional Program Director of the 1.7 million member United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice (UCC-CRJ) and by 1985 was named the Executive Director and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEO" title="CEO" class="mw-redirect">CEO</a> of the UCC-CRJ.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Columbia2008-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He was ordained in the United Church of Christ in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT94-06-12_7-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-NYT94-06-12-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> When (in 1997) he joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> and changed his name to Benjamin Chavis Muhammad.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Wilmington_Ten" id="Wilmington_Ten"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Wilmington Ten">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Wilmington Ten</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He came to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington,_North_Carolina" title="Wilmington, North Carolina">Wilmington, North Carolina</a> in 1971 to help <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desegregate" title="Desegregate" class="mw-redirect">desegregate</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school" title="Public school">public school</a> system. He and nine others were arrested for a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebombing" title="Firebombing">firebombing</a>, charged with conspiracy and arson, and convicted in 1976. Chavis drew the longest sentence, 34 years. They were locked up nearly ten years, receiving international attention, until the conviction was overturned in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-XtianCent1993_3-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-XtianCent1993-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Columbia2008_6-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Columbia2008-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Benjamin Chavis and nine others in 1978 were referred to as “American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_prisoners" title="Political prisoners" class="mw-redirect">political prisoners</a>” by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> as members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington_Ten" title="Wilmington Ten">Wilmington Ten</a>. Although Chavis and his teenage codefendants were unjustly imprisoned in NC for most of the 1970s because of their challenge to racial segregation in the Wilmington public school system, the Wilmington Ten emerged victorious after nearly a ten-year international political and legal battle when the 4th Circuit US Court of Appeals overturned their convictions and cleared their names.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">From this experience he wrote two books: <i>An American Political Prisoner Appeals for Human Rights</i> (while still in prison) and <i>Psalms from Prison</i>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1978, he was named one of the first winners of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letelier-Moffitt_Human_Rights_Award" title="Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award">Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Environmental_racism" id="Environmental_racism"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Environmental racism">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Environmental racism</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Because of Dr. Chavis' scientific background, in 1981, he was the first person to coin the term <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">environmental racism</a>: “Racial discrimination in the deliberated targeting of ethnic and minority communities for exposure to toxic and hazardous waste sites and facilities, coupled with the systematic exclusion of minorities in environmental policy making, enforcement, and remediation.” To prove the validity of his definition, Chavis in 1986 conducted and published the landmark national study: <i>Toxic Waste and Race in the United States of America</i>, that statistically revealed the direct correlation between race and the location of toxic waste throughout the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Benjamin Chavis is considered by many environmental grassroots activists to be the “father of the post-modern environmental justice movement” that has steadily grown throughout the nation and world since the early 1980s.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="National_Council_of_Churches" id="National_Council_of_Churches"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Council of Churches">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">National Council of Churches</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1988, Dr. Chavis was elected Vice President of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a>. He also served as chairman of its Prophetic Justice unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p125_5-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p125-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="NAACP" id="NAACP"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: NAACP">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">NAACP</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1993, Dr. Chavis became the youngest Executive Director and CEO of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> (NAACP). After an eighteen month tenure, the NAACP <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Directors" title="Board of Directors" class="mw-redirect">Board of Directors</a> ousted Chavis, accusing him of using NAACP funds for an out-of-court settlement in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></span> </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Million_man_march" id="Million_man_march"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Million man march">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Million man march</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Dr. Chavis was a National Director of the controversial 1995 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a><sup id="cite_ref-Columbia2008_6-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Columbia2008-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup>. He drew upon his years of experience as an advocate for African-American equality to help this political march reach its goals of increased political activity and awareness of issues by African Americans.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Newspaper_and_radio" id="Newspaper_and_radio"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Newspaper and radio">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Newspaper and radio</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Chavis wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column <i>Civil Rights Journal</i><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p125_5-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p125-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span> from 1985 to 1993. At the same time, he produced and hosted a radio prgram of the same name.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="African_American_Leadership_Summit" id="African_American_Leadership_Summit"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: African American Leadership Summit">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">African American Leadership Summit</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Chavis was Executive Director and CEO of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_African_American_Leadership_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National African American Leadership Summit (page does not exist)">National African American Leadership Summit</a> (NAALS) from 1995 to 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Nation_of_Islam" id="Nation_of_Islam"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nation of Islam">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Nation of Islam</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Chavis joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> in 1997. He was then appointed East Coast Regional Minister of the Nation of Islamand Minister of the historic Mosque Number Seven in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem,_New_York" title="Harlem, New York" class="mw-redirect">Harlem, New York</a>. Subsequently, he was also named as Special Assistant to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a>, a position he still maintains today.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Hip_hop" id="Hip_hop"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hip hop">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Hip hop</span></span></h3> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="font-weight: bold;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <div style="width: 52px;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unbalanced_scales.svg" class="image" title="Unbalanced scales.svg"><img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/40px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" height="35" width="40" /></a></span></div> </td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span style="font-size:130%;">This section has been <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:POV_check" title="Wikipedia:POV check" class="mw-redirect">nominated</a> to be checked for its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a>.<br />Discussion of this nomination can be found on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad" title="Talk:Benjamin Chavis Muhammad">talk page</a>. <i>(May 2008)</i></span> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The journey into the Hip-Hop culture actually had its roots for Chavis dating back to 1969 when he was the proprietor and regular “DJ” and “MC” for The Soul Kitchen Disco in his hometown of Oxford, NC. In the 1970s, Chavis envisioned that there was a direct connection between the urban underground music and the post-civil rights era. During the 1980s, Chavis witnessed the growing popularity of hip-hop with disenfranchised youth entrapped into urban poverty.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">While serving as a mentor to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Souljah" title="Sister Souljah">Sister Souljah</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Powell" title="Kevin Powell">Kevin Powell</a>, Little Rob, Ras Baraka and other hip-hop activists, Chavis met <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyor_Cohen" title="Lyor Cohen">Lyor Cohen</a> in 1986 at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def_Jam" title="Def Jam" class="mw-redirect">Def Jam</a> Records. As head of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP" class="mw-redirect">NAACP</a> in 1993, he worked with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_DMC" title="Run DMC" class="mw-redirect">Run DMC</a> to mobilize youth voters. Thus, it made perfect sense when hip-hop's premier video director, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_Williams" title="Hype Williams">Hype Williams</a>, cast Chavis in the pivotal role as the “Minister” in the 1998 hip-hop classic movie “<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belly_%28film%29" title="Belly (film)">Belly</a>,” which starred superstar hip-hop artists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">Nas</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_Man" title="Method Man">Method Man</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMX_%28rapper%29" title="DMX (rapper)">DMX</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">More recently he performed the Intro and Outro to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a> and the Diplomats 2004 hip-hop album, “On My Way to Church.” In 2005, he was the spoken word artist feature in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassidy" title="Cassidy">Cassidy</a>'s latest platinum selling album ”<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_A_Hustler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I'm A Hustler (page does not exist)">I'm A Hustler</a>.” When Chavis helped organize both the Million Man March (1995) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Family_March" title="Million Family March">Million Family March</a> (2000), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a> worked with him to mobilize hip-hop leaders to support the marches. Ultimately, the two men realized they had a similar vision for this generation of hip-hop youth, and to that end, they created the first national "Hip-Hop Summit" in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, from which grew the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hip-Hop_Summit_Action_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hip-Hop Summit Action Network (page does not exist)">Hip-Hop Summit Action Network</a> (HSAN).<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">One-and-a-half years later, the HSAN is the largest and broadest national coalition of hip-hop artists, recording industry executives, youth activists and civil rights leaders. With the support of the major hip-hop labels, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA) and others, the HSAN has sponsored successful "Hip-Hop Summits" in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York,_New_York" title="New York, New York" class="mw-redirect">New York, New York</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California" class="mw-redirect">Los Angeles, California</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC" class="mw-redirect">Washington, DC</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Florida" title="Miami, Florida" class="mw-redirect">Miami, Florida</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington">Washington</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" title="Dallas, Texas" class="mw-redirect">Dallas, Texas</a>.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> A 2004 event in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a> was not so successful.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Meetings with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC), vocal stands before the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Congress" title="U.S. Congress" class="mw-redirect">U.S. Congress</a> on the unconstitutionality of censoring rap lyrics, the development of literacy programs, Youth Councils, voter registration drives in conjunction with Rap The Vote, the voice for the poor, and the fight for children's public education, fill Chavis' days (and nights).<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 2002 Dr. Chavis and the HSAN joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Federation_of_Teachers" title="United Federation of Teachers">United Federation of Teachers</a> and the <a href="http://www.aqeny.org/about-us.php" class="external text" title="http://www.aqeny.org/about-us.php" rel="nofollow">New York Alliance for Quality Education</a> (AQE) to organize the largest public demonstration since New York City <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> took office. <sup id="cite_ref-BusWire2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-BusWire2002-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post" title="Washington Post" class="mw-redirect">Washington Post</a> reported, “Hip-hop's brightest stars, from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._Diddy" title="P. Diddy" class="mw-redirect">P. Diddy</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a>, lent a little star power today to a demonstration by roughly 100,000 students, teachers and rap fans who crammed eight blocks outside City Hall to protest drastic school budget cuts proposed by the new mayor.”<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Recently, Chavis joined “<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_and_the_City" title="Sex and the City">Sex and the City</a>” star <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon" title="Cynthia Nixon">Cynthia Nixon</a>, actor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Willis" title="Bruce Willis">Bruce Willis</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Simmons" title="Russell Simmons">Russell Simmons</a> to demand adequate funding for education across the state of New York.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span> and </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The Hip-Hop Summit Action Network has benefited greatly from the leadership of Dr. Benjamin F. Chavis, Jr., and the feeling is mutual: “The hip-hop generation is the most talented and socially conscious generation of youth that has ever emerged on the world stage to demand respect and justice for all,” he said.<sup class="noprint Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from June 2008" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He also was a spokes person for TI's Respect my vote campaign, and introduced TI's performance at the 2008 Famu Homecoming Concert in Tallahassee Florida, that was hosted by FAMU and Blazin 102.3.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Other_memberships" id="Other_memberships"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other memberships">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Other memberships</span></span></h3> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">CEO and founder of the National African American Leadership Summit</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Chairman of the Prophetic Justice Unit of the NCC</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Co-Chair of the Southern Organizing Committee for Economic/Social Justice</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">President of the Angolan Foundation</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Co-Founder of the National Black Independent Political Party</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">President of the Board of the Washington Office on Africa</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Member of the Clinton/Gore Transition Team for the National Resources Center<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p126_15-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p126-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Personal" id="Personal"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Personal</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Dr. Chavis is married to Martha Rivera Chavis and the father of eight children.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He is a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi_Beta_Sigma" title="Phi Beta Sigma">Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity Inc</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Chavis's great-great-grandfather, educator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverend" title="Reverend">Reverend</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chavis" title="John Chavis">John Chavis</a>, was the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American" title="African American">African American</a> ordained <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian" title="Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect">Presbyterian</a> minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p124_18-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p124-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He has told an interviewer he reads books on chemistry, for pleasure.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT94-06-12_7-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-NYT94-06-12-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Publications" id="Publications"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Publications</span></span></h2> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFChavis1979">Chavis, Benjamin (1979). <i><span>An African American Political Prisoner: Appeals for Human Rights</span></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+African+American+Political+Prisoner%3A++Appeals+for+Human+Rights&rft.aulast=Chavis&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Chavis%2C+Benjamin&rft.date=1979&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p125_5-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p125-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFChavis1983">Chavis, Benjamin (1983). <i><span>Psalms from Prison</span></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psalms+from+Prison&rft.aulast=Chavis&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Chavis%2C+Benjamin&rft.date=1983&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson2005p125_5-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chavis#cite_note-Jackson2005p125-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><cite style="font-style: normal;" class="book" id="CITEREFCommission_for_Racial_Justice_-_United_Church_of_Christ">Commission for Racial Justice - United Church of Christ (1987). <i><a href="http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modej/10169561.html" class="external text" title="http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modej/10169561.html" rel="nofollow">Toxic Wastes and Race In The United States: A National Report On The Racial and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Communities With Hazardous Waste Sites</a></i>. New York: Public Data Access, Inc.<span class="printonly">. <a href="http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modej/10169561.html" class="external free" title="http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modej/10169561.html" rel="nofollow">http://web1.msue.msu.edu/imp/modej/10169561.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2008-06-26</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toxic+Wastes+and+Race+In+The+United+States%3A+A+National+Report+On+The+Racial+and+Socioeconomic+Characteristics+of+Communities+With+Hazardous+Waste+Sites&rft.aulast=Commission+for+Racial+Justice+-+United+Church+of+Christ&rft.au=Commission+for+Racial+Justice+-+United+Church+of+Christ&rft.date=1987&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Public+Data+Access%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb1.msue.msu.edu%2Fimp%2Fmodej%2F10169561.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Popular_culture" id="Popular_culture"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Chavis_Muhammad&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Popular culture">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Popular culture</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He appeared as the "Minister" in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_Williams" title="Hype Williams">Hype Williams</a>' 1998 movie "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belly" title="Belly">Belly</a>".</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He appeared in skits on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a>' debut album "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_My_Way_to_Church" title="On My Way to Church">On My Way to Church</a>", as well as the track "Concrete Jungle" on Jones' third studio album, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hustler%27s_P.O.M.E." title="Hustler's P.O.M.E." class="mw-redirect">Hustler's P.O.M.E.</a>"</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He has been quoted on "Ringing Bells", a track from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masta_Killa" title="Masta Killa">Masta Killa</a>'s album <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_In_Brooklyn" title="Made In Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect">Made In Brooklyn</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He also appeared on a track called "The Message" on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassidy" title="Cassidy">Cassidy</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_A_Hustla" title="I'm A Hustla" class="mw-redirect">I'm A Hustla</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He appeared in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>'s film about the Million March, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_on_the_Bus" title="Get on the Bus">Get on the Bus</a></i>.</span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-77700971319964157732009-07-10T05:20:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:21:37.980-07:00Bernard Hopkins<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Bernard Hopkins, known as <i>the Executioner</i> (born January 15, 1965, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>) is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxer</a>. He is best known for his ten year reign as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleweight" title="Middleweight">middleweight</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_champion" title="World champion" class="mw-redirect">world champion</a> in which he successfully defended his title a record 20 times. He is the first fighter to retain all 4 major boxing governing body belts including the Ring Magazine belt in the same fight. He is the oldest man to ever hold the middleweight championship in professional boxing.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Professional_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Professional career</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Roy_Jones_Jr."><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roy Jones Jr.</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Winning_the_IBF_middleweight_championship"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Winning the IBF middleweight championship</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#2001_middleweight_unification_tournament"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">2001 middleweight unification tournament</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Keith_Holmes"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Keith Holmes</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Felix_Trinidad"><span class="tocnumber">2.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Felix Trinidad</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Undisputed_middleweight_champion"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Undisputed middleweight champion</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Oscar_De_La_Hoya"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Oscar De La Hoya</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Reaching_Number_20_-_Howard_Eastman"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Reaching Number 20 - Howard Eastman</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Hopkins_vs_Taylor"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Hopkins vs Taylor</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Moving_Up_To_Light_Heavyweight.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Antonio_Tarver"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Moving Up To Light Heavyweight — Antonio Tarver</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Return_in_2007_-_Winky_Wright"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Return in 2007 - Winky Wright</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Joe_Calzaghe"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Joe Calzaghe</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Kelly_Pavlik"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Kelly Pavlik</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Future_Plans"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Future Plans</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#Professional_boxing_record"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Professional boxing record</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Background" id="Background"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Background</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Born to Bernard Hopkins Sr. and his wife Shirley. Bernard grew up in the Raymond Rosen projects in with his family. Hopkins turned to crime early in his life, by the age of thirteen he was mugging people and had been stabbed three times. At seventeen Hopkins was sentenced to 18 years in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graterford_Prison" title="Graterford Prison" class="mw-redirect">Graterford Prison</a> for nine felonies. While in prison he witnessed rapes and the murder of another inmate in an argument over a pack of cigarettes, but also discovered his passion for boxing. After serving almost five years, Hopkins was released from prison and decided to use boxing as an escape from his previous life. While leaving the prison for the final time, the warden told Hopkins that he'll "see [Hopkins] again when you wind up back here," to which Hopkins replied "I ain't ever coming back here." <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Professional_career" id="Professional_career"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Professional career">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Professional career</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He immediately joined the professional boxing ranks as a light heavyweight, losing his debut on October 11, 1988, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a> to Clinton Mitchell. After a sixteen-month layoff, he resumed his career as a middleweight, winning a unanimous decision over Greg Paige at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Horizon" title="The Blue Horizon">Blue Horizon</a> on February 22, 1990.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Between February 1990 and September 1992, Hopkins scored 20 wins without a loss. He won 15 of those fights by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knockout" title="Knockout">knockout</a>, 11 coming in the first round.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Roy_Jones_Jr." id="Roy_Jones_Jr."></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roy Jones Jr.">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Roy Jones Jr.</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">His first chance at a world title came on May 22, 1993 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC" class="mw-redirect">Washington, DC</a>, against American great <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Jones_Jr." title="Roy Jones Jr." class="mw-redirect">Roy Jones Jr.</a> for the vacant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Boxing_Federation" title="International Boxing Federation">IBF</a> middleweight belt. Hopkins lost by unanimous decision in a tactical bout. However he retained his world ranking and defended his USBA belt three more times. During a November 7, 2008 interview on XM/Sirius' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opie_%26_Anthony" title="Opie & Anthony" class="mw-redirect">Opie & Anthony</a> Show, he said that he's been trying for another fight with Jones Jr. but Jones has been dodging him saying that he already defeated Hopkins. Hopkins argues he has floored two guys that beat Jones and that he thinks he's earned the right for another fight. Hopkins says that his first big payday was the Jones Jr. fight. Hopkins' purse was $700,000 but after everyone got their hands into it, he only received $80,000 and after taxes, it was less than $50,000. He said he didn't know to ask the questions "how and why" but that all changed when he learned the truth of his purses in federal court.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Winning_the_IBF_middleweight_championship" id="Winning_the_IBF_middleweight_championship"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Winning the IBF middleweight championship">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Winning the IBF middleweight championship</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Jones abandoned the middleweight ranks in 1994, and the IBF came again knocking at Hopkins's door on December 17 of that year, matching him with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_Mercado" title="Segundo Mercado">Segundo Mercado</a> in Mercado's hometown of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quito,_Ecuador" title="Quito, Ecuador" class="mw-redirect">Quito, Ecuador</a>. Mercado knocked Hopkins down twice before Hopkins rallied late and earned a draw. This remains the only time Hopkins has ever been knocked down. The fight was contested in a bull ring and in the midst of the civil war of Ecuador. It has been argued that Hopkins was also not properly acclimated to the altitude of nearly 10,000 feet. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The IBF called for an immediate rematch, and on April 29, 1995, Hopkins became a world champion with a seventh-round <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_knockout" title="Technical knockout" class="mw-redirect">technical knockout</a> victory in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landover,_Maryland" title="Landover, Maryland">Landover, Maryland</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In his first title defense he defeated Steve Frank, whom he stopped in twenty-four seconds. By the end of 2000, he had defended the IBF title 20 times without a loss, while beating such standouts as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_David_Jackson_%28boxer%29" title="John David Jackson (boxer)">John David Jackson</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Johnson_%28boxer%29" title="Glen Johnson (boxer)">Glen Johnson</a> (undefeated at the time and later went on to knock out Roy Jones Jr), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Brown_%28boxer%29" title="Simon Brown (boxer)">Simon Brown</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwun_Echols" title="Antwun Echols">Antwun Echols</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="2001_middleweight_unification_tournament" id="2001_middleweight_unification_tournament"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2001 middleweight unification tournament">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">2001 middleweight unification tournament</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The arrival of multiple-division champion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Trinidad" title="Félix Trinidad">Félix Trinidad</a>, a Welterweight into the middleweight ranks set off a series of unification fights between major titleholders. The fights involved in the tournament would be reigning <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Boxing_Federation" title="International Boxing Federation">IBF</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Boxing_Council" title="World Boxing Council">WBC</a> Middleweight Champion, Keith Holmes. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Boxing_Association" title="World Boxing Association">WBA</a> Middleweight Champion, William Joppy. The fourth contestant was former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welterweight" title="Welterweight">Welterweight</a> & <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Middleweight" title="Light Middleweight" class="mw-redirect">Light Middleweight</a> World Champion and the undefeated Félix Trinidad.</span> Middleweight Champion, Bernard Hopkins. </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Keith_Holmes" id="Keith_Holmes"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Keith Holmes">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Keith Holmes</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On April 14, 2001, Hopkins won a unanimous decision over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Boxing_Council" title="World Boxing Council">WBC</a> champion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Holmes_%28boxer%29" title="Keith Holmes (boxer)">Keith Holmes</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Trinidad, however, knocked out Middleweight mainstay <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Joppy" title="William Joppy">William Joppy</a> in an impressive five rounds.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> This led to many to believe that Felix Trinidad was simply too much, too strong for Bernard Hopkins. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Felix_Trinidad" id="Felix_Trinidad"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Felix Trinidad">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Felix Trinidad</span></span></h4> <div style="font-weight: bold;" class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle"><span style="font-size:130%;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins_vs_Felix_Trinidad" title="Bernard Hopkins vs Felix Trinidad" class="mw-redirect">Bernard Hopkins vs Felix Trinidad</a></span></div> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Then, on September 29, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Boxing_Association" title="World Boxing Association">WBA</a> champion Trinidad challenged Hopkins for middleweight unification in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">For the first time in many years, Hopkins was an underdog in the betting which led the confident Hopkins to place a $1,000,000 bet on himself to win the bout. During promotion for the bout, Bernard Hopkins caused huge controversy by throwing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> flag on the floor in press conferences in both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the latter conference leading to a riot in which Hopkins had to be run to safety from the angry mob.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span> and </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">During the fight, Hopkins was on his way to a lopsided decision victory when in the 12th and final round he floored Trinidad and referee Steve Smoger called a halt to the fight after Trinidad's father entered the ring to stop the fight. It was the first loss of Trinidad's career, and made Hopkins the first undisputed world middleweight champion since <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Hagler" title="Marvin Hagler">Marvin Hagler</a> in 1987. 'The Ring' magazine and the 'World Boxing Hall of Fame' named Hopkins as the 2001 Fighter of the Year.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Undisputed_middleweight_champion" id="Undisputed_middleweight_champion"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Undisputed middleweight champion">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Undisputed middleweight champion</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">He defended the undisputed title six times. Hopkins bested <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Daniels" title="Carl Daniels">Carl Daniels</a> on February 2, 2002, by tenth-round technical knockout; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrade_Hakkar" title="Morrade Hakkar">Morrade Hakkar</a> on March 29, 2003, by eighth-round TKO; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Joppy" title="William Joppy">William Joppy</a> on December 13, 2003, by unanimous decision; and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Allen_%28boxer%29" title="Robert Allen (boxer)">Robert Allen</a> on June 5, 2004, also by unanimous decision.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Oscar_De_La_Hoya" id="Oscar_De_La_Hoya"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Oscar De La Hoya">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Oscar De La Hoya</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In the highest paying fight of his career, Hopkins fought six-division titleholder <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_de_la_Hoya" title="Oscar de la Hoya" class="mw-redirect">Oscar de la Hoya</a>, another welterweight for the undisputed middleweight championship on September 18, 2004, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas</a>. The fight was fought at a catchweight of 158 lbs, two pounds below the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middleweight" title="Middleweight">middleweight</a> limit of 160 lbs. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></span> Hopkins won the bout with a knockout in the ninth round with a left hook to the body and thus became the first boxer ever to unify the titles of all four major sanctioning bodies. At the time of the stoppage, Hopkins was ahead on two of the scorecards, while De La Hoya was ahead on the other scorecard. </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In November 2004 de la Hoya invited Hopkins to join his boxing promotional firm, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Boy_Promotions" title="Golden Boy Promotions">Golden Boy Promotions</a>, as president of its new East Coast chapter.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Reaching_Number_20_-_Howard_Eastman" id="Reaching_Number_20_-_Howard_Eastman"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reaching Number 20 - Howard Eastman">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Reaching Number 20 - Howard Eastman</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Aged 40 years old, an age in which most boxers are retired. Bernard Hopkins reached the middleweight record of 20 title defenses on February 19, 2005, against ranked #1 WBC Middleweight contender <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Eastman" title="Howard Eastman">Howard Eastman</a>, the European middleweight champion. Hopkins dominated the fight from start to finish winning 119-110, 117-111 & 116-112</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Hopkins_vs_Taylor" id="Hopkins_vs_Taylor"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hopkins vs Taylor">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Hopkins vs Taylor</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In his next fight on July 16, 2005, Hopkins lost his undisputed middleweight championship to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermain_Taylor" title="Jermain Taylor">Jermain Taylor</a> via a split decision. Hopkins started slowly but came on strong over the second half of the fight. Many press row writers scored the fight for Hopkins. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup>. Compubox round-by-round punch stats showed Taylor outscoring Hopkins 6-5-1 in total punches. Hopkins out landed Taylor in power punches 78-50.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On December 3, 2005, Hopkins lost his rematch against Jermain Taylor by unanimous decision. All three judges scored the fight 115-113 for Taylor.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Compubox statistics indicated that Hopkins landed more overall punches and significantly more power shots over the course of the fight, however these statistics may not accurately reflect the judging as rounds are scored in isolation.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Moving_Up_To_Light_Heavyweight.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Antonio_Tarver" id="Moving_Up_To_Light_Heavyweight.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Antonio_Tarver"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Moving Up To Light Heavyweight — Antonio Tarver">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Moving Up To Light Heavyweight — Antonio Tarver</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Following his two losses to Jermaine Taylor, Hopkins at 41 decided not to retire and made the decision to jump two weight divisions to face off against <i>The Ring</i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Tarver" title="Antonio Tarver">Antonio Tarver</a> on June 10, 2006. Going into the fight, Tarver was a 3-to-1 favorite and had been the first man ever to knock Roy Jones Jr. out. Many now placed Tarver among the sports top competitors. He was constantly ranked in the P4P rankings. However, Bernard Hopkins picked up a lopsided unanimous decision, scoring 118-109 on all three judges scorecards.</span> light heavyweight champion </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Antonio Tarver also lost a $250,000 bet with Hopkins, after he failed to stop Hopkins in the first six rounds. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Return_in_2007_-_Winky_Wright" id="Return_in_2007_-_Winky_Wright"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Return in 2007 - Winky Wright">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Return in 2007 - Winky Wright</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On July 21, 2007, at the Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Hopkins defended <i>The Ring</i> light heavyweight championship against former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_undisputed_boxing_champions#Junior_Middleweight" title="List of undisputed boxing champions">undisputed junior middleweight champion</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winky_Wright" title="Winky Wright">Winky Wright</a>. During the weigh-in, Hopkins shoved Wright with an open-hand to the face, igniting a brawl between both fighters' entourages.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Hopkins was fined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Dollar" title="United States Dollar" class="mw-redirect">$</a>200,000 for instigating the brawl.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></span> Hopkins prevailed with a unanimous decision victory by scores of 117-111, 117-111 and 116-112.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Joe_Calzaghe" id="Joe_Calzaghe"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Joe Calzaghe">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Joe Calzaghe</span></span></h4> <div style="font-weight: bold;" class="rellink noprint relarticle mainarticle"><span style="font-size:130%;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins_vs._Joe_Calzaghe" title="Bernard Hopkins vs. Joe Calzaghe">Bernard Hopkins vs. Joe Calzaghe</a></span></div> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On April 19, 2008, at the Thomas & Mack Center in Las Vegas, Hopkins lost <i>The Ring</i> light heavyweight championship to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Calzaghe" title="Joe Calzaghe">Joe Calzaghe</a> by split decision.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> Judges Chuck Giampa (116-111) and Ted Gimza (115-112) scored the fight for Calzaghe, while judge Adalaide Byrd (114-113) scored the fight for Hopkins. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Kelly_Pavlik" id="Kelly_Pavlik"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kelly Pavlik">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Kelly Pavlik</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On October 18, 2008, Hopkins met middleweight champion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Pavlik" title="Kelly Pavlik">Kelly Pavlik</a> at a catch-weight of 170 lbs, with Hopkins defeating the then-undefeated Pavlik via unanimous decision.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Future_Plans" id="Future_Plans"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Future Plans">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Future Plans</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz_Adamek" title="Tomasz Adamek">Tomasz Adamek</a> knocked out <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnathon_Banks" title="Johnathon Banks">Johnathon Banks</a> of ESPN's Friday Night Fights, Hopkins immediately told ESPN's Dan Rafael that he was interested in moving up to cruiserweight to fight him, wishing to become the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_Magazine" title="Ring Magazine" class="mw-redirect">Ring Magazine</a></span> cruiserweight champion of the world.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">During the Ricky Hatton vs. Manny Pacquio media conferences before their fight on May 3, 2009, Bernard Hopkins stated he would be "interested" in a proposed fight with British super middleweight champion <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Froch" title="Carl Froch">Carl Froch</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Professional_boxing_record" id="Professional_boxing_record"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Hopkins&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Professional boxing record">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Professional boxing record</span></span></h2> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin: 0.5em auto; font-size: 95%; clear: both; font-weight: bold;"><tbody><tr> <td colspan="8" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">49 Wins (34 knockouts, 15 decisions), 5 Losses (5 decisions), 1 Draw, 1 No Contest<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Hopkins#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Res.</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Record</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Opponent</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Type</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Rd., Time</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Date</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Location</span></td> <td style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: rgb(227, 227, 227) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" align="center"><span style="font-size:130%;">Notes</span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">49-5-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Pavlik" title="Kelly Pavlik">Kelly Pavlik</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous Decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">October 18, 2008</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, NJ</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: rgb(255, 221, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-no2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Loss</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">48-5-1<br /></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales" title="Flag of Wales"><img alt="Flag of Wales" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Wales_2.svg/22px-Flag_of_Wales_2.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="13" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Calzaghe" title="Joe Calzaghe">Joe Calzaghe</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Split decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">April 19, 2008</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Lost Ring light heavyweight title.</span></span> <p><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Scoring was 115-112 Calzaghe,<br />114-113 Hopkins, and 116-111<br />Calzaghe.</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">48-4-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winky_Wright" title="Winky Wright">Ronald Wright</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">July 21, 2007</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, NV</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained <i>Ring</i><br />light heavyweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">47-4-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Tarver" title="Antonio Tarver">Antonio Tarver</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">June 10, 2006</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, NJ</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Won IBO/NBA light heavyweight<br />titles, which were later vacated.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(255, 221, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-no2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Loss</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">46-4-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermain_Taylor" title="Jermain Taylor">Jermain Taylor</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 3, 2005</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Fight was for WBC/WBA super/WBO<br />Middleweight titles.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(255, 221, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-no2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Loss</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">46-3-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Jermain Taylor</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Split decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">July 16, 2005</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Lost IBF/WBC/WBA super/WBO<br />Middleweight titles. Scoring was<br />115-113 Taylor, 116-112 Hopkins,<br />and 115-113 Taylor.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">46-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Flag of Guyana"><img alt="Flag of Guyana" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="13" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Eastman" title="Howard Eastman">Howard Eastman</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 19, 2005</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" title="Los Angeles, California" class="mw-redirect">Los Angeles, CA</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC/WBA super/WBO<br />Middleweight titles.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">45-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_De_La_Hoya" title="Oscar De La Hoya">Oscar De La Hoya</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">9 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:38</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">September 18, 2004</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC/WBA super<br />Middleweight titles and won WBO<br />Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">44-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Allen_%28boxer%29" title="Robert Allen (boxer)">Robert Allen</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">June 5, 2004</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC/WBA super<br />Middleweight titles.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">43-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Joppy" title="William Joppy">William Joppy</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 13, 2003</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC/WBA super<br />Middleweight titles.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">42-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="Flag of France"><img alt="Flag of France" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="15" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrade_Hakkar" title="Morrade Hakkar">Morrade Hakkar</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">8 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 3:00</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">March 29, 2003</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, PA</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC/WBA super<br />Middleweight titles.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">41-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Daniels" title="Carl Daniels">Carl Daniels</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">10 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 3:00</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 2, 2002</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, PA</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC/WBA super<br />Middleweight titles.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">40-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Flag of Puerto Rico"><img alt="Flag of Puerto Rico" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="15" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Trinidad" title="Felix Trinidad" class="mw-redirect">Felix Trinidad</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:18</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">September 29, 2001</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City, NY</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF/WBC Middleweight<br />titles and won WBA Middleweight<br />super title, becoming undisputed<br />champion.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">39-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Holmes_%28boxer%29" title="Keith Holmes (boxer)">Keith Holmes</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">April 14, 2001</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">New York City, NY</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title<br />and won WBC Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">38-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwun_Echols" title="Antwun Echols">Antwun Echols</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">10 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:42</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 1, 2000</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">37-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Flag of Canada"><img alt="Flag of Canada" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="11" width="22" /></a></span> Syd Vanderpool</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">May 13, 2000</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" title="Indianapolis, Indiana" class="mw-redirect">Indianapolis, IN</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">36-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Antwun Echols</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 12, 1999</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami,_Florida" title="Miami, Florida" class="mw-redirect">Miami, FL</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">35-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Robert Allen</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">7 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:18</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 6, 1999</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(218, 226, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size:130%;">NC</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">34-2-1<br /><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">1 NC</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Robert Allen</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">No contest</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">4 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 2:57</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">August 28, 1998</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">The fight was ruled a no contest<br />when Hopkins was injured after<br />he was accidentally pushed out<br />of the ring by referee <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mills_Lane" title="Mills Lane">Mills Lane</a>,<br />who was trying to break up a<br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grappling_position#Stand-up_positions" title="Grappling position">clinch</a>. Retained IBF<br />Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">34-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Brown_%28boxer%29" title="Simon Brown (boxer)">Simon Brown</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">6 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:00</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">January 31, 1998</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">33-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Andrew Council</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">November 18, 1997</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Marlboro,_Maryland" title="Upper Marlboro, Maryland">Upper Marlboro, MD</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">32-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica" title="Flag of Jamaica"><img alt="Flag of Jamaica" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="11" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Johnson_%28boxer%29" title="Glen Johnson (boxer)">Glen Johnson</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">11 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:23</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">July 20, 1997</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio, CA</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">31-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_David_Jackson_%28boxer%29" title="John David Jackson (boxer)">John David Jackson</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">7 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 2:22</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">April 19, 1997</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, LA</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">30-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> William Bo James</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">11 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 2:02</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">July 16, 1996</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">29-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Joe Lipsey</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">4 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 2:50</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">March 16, 1996</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">28-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Flag of Guyana"><img alt="Flag of Guyana" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="13" width="22" /></a></span> Steve Frank</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 0:24</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">January 27, 1996</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained IBF Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">27-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Flag of Ecuador"><img alt="Flag of Ecuador" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="11" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_Mercado" title="Segundo Mercado">Segundo Mercado</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">7 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:10</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">April 29, 1995</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landover,_Maryland" title="Landover, Maryland">Landover, MD</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Won vacant IBF Middleweight<br />title, vacated USBA<br />Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(218, 226, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Draw</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">26-2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador" title="Flag of Ecuador"><img alt="Flag of Ecuador" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="11" width="22" /></a></span> Segundo Mercado</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Draw</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 17, 1994</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quito" title="Quito">Quito, Ecuador</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Fight was for the vacant IBF<br />Middleweight title. Scoring was<br />114-111 Hopkins, 113-113, and<br />116-114 Mercado.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">26-2</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico" title="Flag of Mexico"><img alt="Flag of Mexico" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="13" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupe_Aquino" title="Lupe Aquino">Lupe Aquino</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">May 17, 1994</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained USBA Middleweight<br />title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">25-2</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Melvin Wynn</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">3, 0:48</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 26, 1994</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">24-2</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Wendall Hall</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">3 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 0:28</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">November 23, 1993</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained USBA Middleweight<br />title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">23-2</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Roy Ritchie</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">7 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 1:47</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">August 3, 1993</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained USBA Middleweight<br />title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(255, 221, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-no2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Loss</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">22-2</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Jones,_Jr." title="Roy Jones, Jr.">Roy Jones, Jr.</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">May 22, 1993</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Washington, D.C.</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Fight was for the vacant IBF<br />Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">22-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Gilbert Baptist</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 16, 1993</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" title="Denver, Colorado" class="mw-redirect">Denver, CO</a></span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Retained USBA Middleweight<br />title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">21-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Wayne Powell</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(12)</span>, 0:21</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 4, 1992</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">Won vacant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Boxing_Association" title="United States Boxing Association">USBA</a><br />Middleweight title.</span></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">20-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Eric Rhinehart</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1, 1:47</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">September 14, 1992</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">19-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> James Stokes</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">August 28, 1992</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">18-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia"><img alt="Flag of Colombia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="15" width="22" /></a></span> Anibal Miranda</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">10</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">May 21, 1992</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris, France</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">17-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Randy Smith</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">10</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">April 3, 1992</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">16-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Milton" title="Dennis Milton">Dennis Milton</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">4 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(10)</span></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">January 31, 1992</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">15-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Willie Kemp</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">10</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">December 13, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">14-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> David McCluskey</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">7 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(10)</span></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">November 26, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">13-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Ralph Moncrief</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(10)</span>, 1:28</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">September 23, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">12-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Danny Mitchell</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">July 9, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">11-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Pedro Marquez</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">June 20, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsippany,_New_Jersey" title="Parsippany, New Jersey" class="mw-redirect">Parsippany, NJ</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">10-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Steve Langley</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">3 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(6)</span>, 1:10</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">March 18, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Las Vegas, NV</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">9-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Richard Quiles</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(6)</span></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 26, 1991</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">8-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Mike Sapp</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">November 17, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Myers,_Florida" title="Fort Myers, Florida">Fort Myers, FL</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">7-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Darrin Oliver</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">October 20, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">6-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Percy Harris</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">6</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">August 5, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">5-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Khalif Shabazz</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">KO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1, 0:36</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">June 30, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">4-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Jouvin Mercado</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">2 <span style="font-size: smaller; line-height: 130%;">(4)</span>, 0:43</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">May 31, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, NY</a></span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">3-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Eddie Tyler</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">May 18, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">2-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Keith Gray</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">TKO</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">April 26, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-yes2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Win</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">1-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Greg Paige</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Unanimous decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">4</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">February 22, 1990</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Philadelphia, PA</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background: rgb(255, 221, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; color: black;" class="table-no2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Loss</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">0-1</span></td> <td align="left"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="flagicon"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="Flag of the United States"><img alt="Flag of the United States" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" class="thumbborder" height="12" width="22" /></a></span> Clinton Mitchell</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Majority decision</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">4</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">October 11, 1988</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;">Atlantic City, NJ</span></td> <td><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-9680295869764773422009-07-10T05:17:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:20:02.198-07:00Betty Shabazz<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Betty Shabazz (born Betty Dean Sanders, May 28, 1934<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> – June 23, 1997), also known as Betty X, was the wife of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Early_years"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early years</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Young_adult_years"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Young adult years</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Marriage_and_family"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Marriage and family</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Leaving_the_Nation_of_Islam"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Leaving the Nation of Islam</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Assassination_of_Malcolm_X"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Assassination of Malcolm X</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Pilgrimage_to_Mecca"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Pilgrimage to Mecca</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Advanced_education"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Advanced education</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Social_work"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Social work</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Public_reconciliation_with_Farrakhan"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Public reconciliation with Farrakhan</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Death"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Early_years" id="Early_years"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Early years</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Betty Dean Sanders was born on May 28, 1934, to Ollie May Sanders and Shelman Sandlin. Sandlin was 21 years old and Ollie May Sanders was a teenager. Throughout her life, Betty Sanders maintained that she had been born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, but early records—such as her high-school and college transcripts—show <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehurst,_Georgia" title="Pinehurst, Georgia">Pinehurst</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_%28U.S._state%29" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, as her place of birth. Neither Georgia nor Michigan can locate her birth certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">By most accounts, Ollie May Sanders neglected or abused Betty Sanders, whom she was raising in Detroit. When Betty was about 11 years old, she was taken in by Lorenzo and Helen Malloy, a prominent businessman and his wife. Helen Malloy was a founding member of the Housewives League of Detroit, a group of African-American women who organized campaigns to support black-owned businesses and boycott stores that refused to hire black employees.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Young_adult_years" id="Young_adult_years"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Young adult years">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Young adult years</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After high school, Sanders left her foster parents' comfortable home in Detroit to study at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee Institute</a> (now Tuskegee University) , a historically black college in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>. It was in Alabama that she first encountered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>. Sanders did not understand the causes for the racial issues, and her parents refused to acknowledge these issues. In an autobiographical essay she wrote in 1992, Betty Shabazz said her parents thought the problems were her fault.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">To escape <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a> racism, Sanders moved to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, where she enrolled as a nursing student at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_State_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn State Hospital (page does not exist)">Brooklyn State Hospital</a> School of Nursing. While she was in nursing school, a friend of hers invited Sanders to hear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a> from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> speak at a Muslim temple in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>. According to the 1992 essay, Sanders' initial reaction to the Muslim meeting was that it was "no big deal".</span> and </p> <blockquote style="font-weight: bold;"> <p><span style="font-size:130%;">But then, I looked over and saw this man on the extreme right aisle sort of galloping to the podium. He was tall, he was thin, and the way he was galloping it looked as though he was going someplace much more important than the podium.... Well, he got to the podium and I sat up straight. I was impressed with him.</span></p> </blockquote> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After the meeting, Sanders and Malcolm X discussed the racism she encountered in Alabama, and she began to understand its causes, pervasiveness, and effects. Soon, Betty was attending all of Malcolm X's lectures. By the time she graduated from nursing school in 1958, Sanders had become a member of the Nation of Islam. Like many members of the Nation of Islam, she changed her surname to "X", which represented the African family name she could never know.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Marriage_and_family" id="Marriage_and_family"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and family">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Marriage and family</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On January 14, 1958, Betty X married Malcolm X in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing, Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span> Although they had never discussed the subject, Betty suspected that Malcolm was interested in marriage. One day, he called and asked her to marry him.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The couple had six daughters. Their names were Attallah, born in 1958 and named after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attila_the_Hun" title="Attila the Hun">Attila the Hun</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubilah_Shabazz" title="Qubilah Shabazz">Qubilah</a>, born in 1960 and named after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyasah_Shabazz" title="Ilyasah Shabazz">Ilyasah</a>, born in 1962 and named after Elijah Muhammad;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Gamilah Lumumba, born in 1964 and named after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> and twins, Malaak and Malikah, born in 1965 after their father's assassination and named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Leaving_the_Nation_of_Islam" id="Leaving_the_Nation_of_Islam"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leaving the Nation of Islam">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Leaving the Nation of Islam</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In March 1964, Malcolm X <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X#Leaving_the_Nation_of_Islam" title="Malcolm X">left the Nation of Islam</a>. She became a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Assassination_of_Malcolm_X" id="Assassination_of_Malcolm_X"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Assassination of Malcolm X">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Assassination of Malcolm X</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On February 21, 1965, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom" title="Audubon Ballroom">Audubon Ballroom</a>, Malcolm X began to speak to a meeting of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Afro-American_Unity" title="Organization of Afro-American Unity">Organization of Afro-American Unity</a> when a disturbance broke out in the crowd of 400.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> As Malcolm X and his bodyguards moved to quiet the disturbance, a man rushed forward and shot Malcolm in the chest with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawed-off_shotgun" title="Sawed-off shotgun">sawed-off shotgun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Two other men charged the stage and fired handguns, hitting him 16 times.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Shabazz was in the audience near the stage with her daughters. When she heard the gunfire, she grabbed the children and pushed them to the floor beneath the bench, where she shielded them with her body. When the shooting stopped, Shabazz ran toward her husband and tried to perform <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation" title="Cardiopulmonary resuscitation">CPR</a>. Police officers and Malcolm X's associates carried him to a stretcher and brought him to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_Medical_Center" title="Columbia University Medical Center">Columbia Presbyterian Hospital</a>, where he was pronounced dead.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Angry onlookers caught and beat one of the assassins, who was arrested on the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Eyewitnesses identified two more suspects. All three men, who were members of the Nation of Islam, were convicted and sentenced to life in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After the assassination of Malcolm X, actor and activist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> and Juanita Poitier (wife of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>) established the Committee of Concerned Mothers to raise funds to buy a house and pay educational expenses for the Shabazz family.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> They bought a large home in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_New_York" title="Mount Vernon, New York">Mount Vernon</a>, New York. In her book, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growing_Up_X" title="Growing Up X">Growing Up X</a></i>, Ilyasah Shabazz wrote that Betty Shabazz worked very hard to ensure that her daughters were well provided for. They led sheltered, comfortable, upper class lives, complete with the luxury of housekeepers, chauffeured cars, exclusive social clubs, and expensive predominantly white private schools, private tutors and summer camps.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Pilgrimage_to_Mecca" id="Pilgrimage_to_Mecca"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pilgrimage to Mecca">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Pilgrimage to Mecca</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After her husband's assassination, Shabazz decided to make the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">pilgrimage to Mecca</a>. In a 1992 autobiographical essay, Shabazz wrote:</span></p> <blockquote style="font-weight: bold;"> <p><span style="font-size:130%;">I really don't know where I'd be today if I had not gone to Mecca to make Hajj shortly after Malcolm was assassinated. And that is what helped put me back on track. I remembered one of the things Malcolm always said to me is, "Don't be bitter. Remember <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lot_%28Bible%29" title="Lot (Bible)">Lot</a>'s wife when they kill me, and they surely will. You have to use all of your energy to do what it is you have to do."</span></p> </blockquote> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Advanced_education" id="Advanced_education"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Advanced education">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Advanced education</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">After she completed her pilgrimage, Shabazz—who was already trained as a nurse—enrolled in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_City_University" title="New Jersey City University">Jersey City State College</a>, where she earned a M.A. in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> education in 1970. In 1975, she received a Ph.D. in education administration at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Shabazz was a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Sigma_Theta" title="Delta Sigma Theta">Delta Sigma Theta</a> Sorority, Inc.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Social_work" id="Social_work"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social work">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Social work</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1976, Shabazz worked at New York's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medgar_Evers_College" title="Medgar Evers College">Medgar Evers College</a> as an assistant professor. She taught health sciences and then became head of public relations at Medgar Evers College. She traveled widely, speaking on topics such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights" title="Civil rights" class="mw-redirect">civil rights</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County, New York</a>.</span> and racial tolerance. She became a great advocate for the goal of self-determination for African Americans. She also served on many boards, including the African-American Foundation, the Women's Service League and the Day Care Council of </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Public_reconciliation_with_Farrakhan" id="Public_reconciliation_with_Farrakhan"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Public reconciliation with Farrakhan">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Public reconciliation with Farrakhan</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In 1994, Shabazz spoke out for the first time against the Nation of Islam and linked its current leader, Louis Farrakhan, to Malcolm X's assassination. Farrakhan denied the allegations. He blamed the turbulent and racially hostile atmosphere of the 1960s as the root causes for Malcolm's death.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">In January 1995, Betty and Malcolm X's daughter Qubilah Shabazz were charged in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> with trying to hire an assassin to murder Farrakhan in retaliation for the murder of her father. The assassin turned out to be a government informant. Farrakhan surprised everyone by defending Qubilah. He claimed that she had been manipulated by government agents who wanted to breed ill feelings within the Nation of Islam and throughout the African American community. In May 1995, Shabazz eventually reconciled with Farrakhan, shaking his hand on the stage of Harlem's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a> at a fundraiser for her daughter's defense. The fundraiser had been arranged by Farrakhan to help pay for Qubilah's legal fees. Betty Shabazz spoke at Farrakhan's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a> in October 1995.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Qubilah was not imprisoned for her plot to assassinate Farrakhan. However, she was required to undergo psychological counseling and treatment for drug and alcohol abuse for a two-year period. During this period, Qubilah's 12-year-old son, Malcolm, was sent to live with Shabazz at her apartment in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers, New York</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Death" id="Death"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betty_Shabazz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Death</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On June 1, 1997, Shabazz's grandson, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Shabazz" title="Malcolm Shabazz">Malcolm</a>, set fire to her apartment. Shabazz suffered burns over 80 percent of her body and remained in intensive care for three weeks at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi_Medical_Center" title="Jacobi Medical Center">Jacobi Medical Center</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> She underwent five <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_graft" title="Skin graft" class="mw-redirect">skin-replacement operations</a> as doctors struggled to replace damaged skin and save her life.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Shabazz died of her injuries on June 23, 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Police arrested Malcolm Shabazz within hours of the fire being started and accused him of setting the blaze.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> He was sentenced to eighteen months in juvenile detention for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">At the time of her death, Shabazz headed the Office of Institutional Advancement and Public Relations at Medgar Evers College in Brooklyn (part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>).</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">More than 2,000 mourners attended a memorial service for Shabazz at New York's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Church" title="Riverside Church">Riverside Church</a>. Many prominent leaders were present, including civil rights activists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a>, poet <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>, actor-activists <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a>, New York Governor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a>, and four New York City mayors—<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Beame" title="Abraham Beame">Abraham Beame</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Ed Koch</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dinkins" title="David Dinkins">David Dinkins</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">U.S. Secretary of Labor</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Herman" title="Alexis Herman">Alexis Herman</a> delivered a tribute from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. In a statement released after Shabazz's death, civil rights leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> said, "She never stopped giving and she never became cynical. She leaves today the legacy of one who epitomized hope and healing."</span> </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Shabazz's funeral service was held at the Islamic Cultural Center in New York City. Her public viewing was at the Unity Funeral Home in Harlem, the same place where Malcolm X's viewing took place 32 years earlier. Shabazz was buried next to her husband, Malcolm X, at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemetery" title="Ferncliff Cemetery">Ferncliff Cemetery</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartsdale,_New_York" title="Hartsdale, New York">Hartsdale, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Shabazz#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">There is a large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in Harlem named after Shabazz.</span></p>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-61198443651633719042009-07-10T05:16:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:17:24.496-07:00Bilal Philips<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> teacher, speaker, and author. He appears on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_TV" title="Peace TV">Peace TV</a>, which is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24/7" title="24/7">24/7</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> channel broadcast to many countries.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#Education"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-3"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#Islamic_Information_Center"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Islamic Information Center</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#Works"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Works</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Philips#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilal_Philips&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Education" id="Education"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilal_Philips&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Education</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Dr. Philips was born in 1947 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, but grew up in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, where he converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in 1972. He completed a diploma in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=College_of_Islamic_Disciplines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="College of Islamic Disciplines (page does not exist)">College of Islamic Disciplines</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Madinah" title="Islamic University of Madinah">Islamic University of Madinah</a>, an Islamic university in Saudi Arabia. At the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Riyadh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Riyadh (page does not exist)">University of Riyadh</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Arts_%28postgraduate%29" title="Master of Arts (postgraduate)">M.A.</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a> in 1985, and in 1994 he completed his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a> in the department of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a>. He later taught <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> education and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> in private schools in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> for over ten years. Because of his opposition to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s position in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, he had to leave the country and for three years he lectured <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Education" title="Master of Education">M.Ed.</a> students in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Studies" title="Islamic Studies" class="mw-redirect">Islamic Studies</a> department of Shariff Kabunsuan College (SKC) in Cotabato City, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.</span> degree in 1979 from the College of Education he completed his </p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Islamic_Information_Center" id="Islamic_Information_Center"></a></span></p> <h4 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilal_Philips&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islamic Information Center">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Islamic Information Center</span></span></h4> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Since 1994, he has founded and directed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Information_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Information Center (page does not exist)">Islamic Information Center</a> (which is now known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discover_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discover Islam (page does not exist)">Discover Islam</a>) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, and is known as a prolific speaker and author on topics relating to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, including audio lectures and books. Presently, he is a lecturer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Studies" title="Islamic Studies" class="mw-redirect">Islamic Studies</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_University_in_Dubai" title="American University in Dubai">American University in Dubai</a> and ‘Ajman University in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajm%C4%81n" title="Ajmān" class="mw-redirect">Ajmān</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. He frequently appears at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Research_Foundation" title="Islamic Research Foundation">Islamic Research Foundation</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, on lecture tours. He has also founded the Distance Learning Program called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Online_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Online University (page does not exist)">Islamic Online University</a>, which offers a four year degree in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Studies" title="Islamic Studies" class="mw-redirect">Islamic Studies</a> plus a variety of short courses. Dr. Philips is something of a pioneer as a person of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> origin achieving the status of a scholar of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> inside the tradition.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Works" id="Works"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilal_Philips&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Works</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Books</span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Funeral Rites Published by International Islamic Publishing House</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">The Fundamentals of TAWHEED(Islamic Monotheism) Published by International Islamic Publishing House</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Purpose of Life Published by International Islamic Publishing House</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Tafsir: Surah Buruj</span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Videos (Topics Available in Islamic Shops & YouTube)</span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Foundation of Islamic Studies</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Contemporary Issues</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Oneness of God</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">In search of Inner Peace</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Struggle of Cultures:Clash of Civilaizations</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">The Angels and the Jinn</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">The Oneness of God</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Avoiding the unlawful</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Euthanasia, Aliens - Contemporary Issues</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">My Way To Islam</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Judgement Day</span></li></ul>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559156820024537659.post-17948343931157246972009-07-10T05:15:00.000-07:002009-07-10T05:16:36.614-07:00Bruno Metsu<p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Bruno Metsu (born 28 January 1954 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkerque" title="Dunkerque" class="mw-redirect">Dunkerque</a>), also known as Abdul Karim, is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> manager and the head coach of the national team of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_national_football_team" title="Qatar national football team">Qatar</a>. He is perhaps most notable in Europe for coaching <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_national_football_team" title="Senegal national football team">Senegal</a> to a surprise victory over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a> in the opening match of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a>.</span></p> <table style="font-weight: bold;" id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2><span style="font-size:130%;">Contents</span></h2> <span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="toctoggle">[<a href="javascript:toggleToc()" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#African_Odyssey"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">African Odyssey</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#UAE_and_Qatar:_There_and_Back_Again"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">UAE and Qatar: There and Back Again</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#Honours"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Honours</span></a></span> <ul><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#Club"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Club</span></a></span></li><li class="toclevel-2"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#International"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">International</span></a></span></li></ul> </li><li class="toclevel-1"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></span></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } //]]> </script> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Biography" id="Biography"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Metsu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Metsu's playing career was largely based in his native <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, along with a spell in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderlecht" title="Anderlecht">Anderlecht</a>. After retiring as a player, he took up the assistant manager post at his last club, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS_Beauvais_Oise" title="AS Beauvais Oise">Beauvais Oise</a>, and by 1988 had become full-time manager of the club. He spent over a decade coaching in France before his first foray into international management.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="African_Odyssey" id="African_Odyssey"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Metsu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: African Odyssey">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">African Odyssey</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Metsu took over African national side <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_national_football_team" title="Guinea national football team">Guinea</a> in 2000 before joining <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal_national_football_team" title="Senegal national football team">Senegal</a> later that year. He helped the Francophone side to a spot in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a>, their first ever appearance in the tournament, where they were expected to prop up a group containing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_national_football_team" title="Denmark national football team">Denmark</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguay_national_football_team" title="Uruguay national football team">Uruguay</a>. Senegal pulled off a shock in the opening match of the tournament, however, beating former colonial masters and defending <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">World Cup</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Football_Championships" title="European Football Championships" class="mw-redirect">European</a> champions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_national_football_team" title="France national football team">France</a> 1-0. Metsu's side qualified from the group stage and beat <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_national_football_team" title="Sweden national football team">Sweden</a> in the round of 16, earning recognition as the first African side to reach the quarterfinals since <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon_national_football_team" title="Cameroon national football team">Cameroon</a> in 1990.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Senegal were finally beaten in the quarterfinals by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_national_football_team" title="Turkey national football team">Turkey</a> in extra time on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_Mans%C4%B1z" title="İlhan Mansız">İlhan Mansız</a>'s golden goal. After they had defeated France in the opening game, Senegalese president <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulaye_Wade" title="Abdoulaye Wade">Abdoulaye Wade</a> had declared a national holiday. Metsu's connection to the country went even further as he had converted to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> after marrying a Muslim woman, taking the name Abdul Karim.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> His psychological approach to the game had led him to encourage Senegal's players to focus on France's weaknesses rather than their strengths, using videos to his advantage and adjusting his coaching methods to the unique challenges of an African side.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-capital-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="UAE_and_Qatar:_There_and_Back_Again" id="UAE_and_Qatar:_There_and_Back_Again"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Metsu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: UAE and Qatar: There and Back Again">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">UAE and Qatar: There and Back Again</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Metsu's success with Senegal led him to the lucrative Middle East, where in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> he took over defending champions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Ain_FC" title="Al Ain FC">Al Ain</a>, owned by the Emir of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-capital-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> He led the side to victory in the first edition of the re-branded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Champions_League" title="AFC Champions League">AFC Champions League</a> in 2003, completing a double including the country's league championship. This led to a host of offers for the Frenchman, who joined Qatari side <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Gharafa" title="Al-Gharafa" class="mw-redirect">Al-Gharafa</a> to the dismay of his former employers. Metsu was eventually forced to pay a fine for breach of contract.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_2-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-capital-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Metsu led his new side to the Qatari championship in his first season, going unbeaten in the process. However, with players in the league contracted to the country's Olympic committee rather than their clubs, the side was dismantled with former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Milan" title="AC Milan" class="mw-redirect">AC Milan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_FC" title="Chelsea FC" class="mw-redirect">Chelsea</a> defender <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Desailly" title="Marcel Desailly">Marcel Desailly</a> joining <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_SC" title="Qatar SC">Qatar SC</a>. Metsu maintains that the Crown Prince of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> orchestrated the moves due to his unhappiness at his club, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sadd" title="Al-Sadd" class="mw-redirect">Al-Sadd</a>, being dethroned from the top of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-League" title="Q-League" class="mw-redirect">Q-League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_2-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-capital-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Metsu nevertheless led his side to victory in the 2005/2006 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Jassem_Cup" title="Sheikh Jassem Cup">Sheikh Jassem Cup</a>, but conditions had deteriorated to the point that he departed.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Next up for Metsu was a brief stint in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, where two-time defending champions <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ittihad" title="Al-Ittihad">Al-Ittihad</a> were struggling in fifth place and in need of a late surge up the table. Metsu was handed a one-month contract by club president Mansour Al-Bilali and took the club to third in the table, eventually losing in a play-off semifinal to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hilal" title="Al-Hilal">Al-Hilal</a>.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Metsu returned to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_football_team" title="United Arab Emirates national football team">national team</a> boss in 2006, coaching his side to victory in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Gulf_Cup_of_Nations" title="2007 Gulf Cup of Nations">2007 Gulf Cup of Nations</a> in front of a packed stadium in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> on 30 January 2007. It was the country's first Gulf Cup win, with Metsu achieving what former national team bosses Tomislav Ivic, Roy Hodgson, Carlos Queiroz and Dick Advocaat had all failed to do.</span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">The UAE crashed out of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2007 AFC Asian Cup">2007 AFC Asian Cup</a>, finishing third in a group containing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_national_football_team" title="Japan national football team">Japan</a>, regional rivals <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_national_football_team" title="Qatar national football team">Qatar</a> and co-hosts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_national_football_team" title="Vietnam national football team">Vietnam</a>. Despite his contract lasting until 2010, Metsu resigned from the head coach position on 22 September 2008 after suffering defeat in two straight World Cup qualifiers at home.<sup id="cite_ref-journey_3-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-journey-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Metsu's overall record with the side was 13 wins (11 official), 9 draws (3 official) and 20 losses (8 official) in 42 matches (22 official), scoring 47 goals and conceding 59.<sup id="cite_ref-journey_3-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-journey-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">On 25 September 2008, Metsu returned to Qatar, accepting a job as manager of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_national_football_team" title="Qatar national football team">national side</a> with the hopes of qualifying for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Cup_2010" title="World Cup 2010" class="mw-redirect">2010 World Cup</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Metsu#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Honours" id="Honours"></a></span></p> <h2 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Metsu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Honours</span></span></h2> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="Club" id="Club"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Metsu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Club">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Club</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ain" title="Al-Ain" class="mw-redirect">Al-Ain</a></span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Champions_League" title="AFC Champions League">AFC Champions League</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFC_Champions_League_2002-03" title="AFC Champions League 2002-03" class="mw-redirect">2002-03</a></span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UAE_Football_League" title="UAE Football League">UAE Football League</a>: 2002-03, 2003-2004</span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Gharafa" title="Al-Gharafa" class="mw-redirect">Al-Gharafa</a></span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_Stars_League" title="Qatar Stars League">Qatar Stars League</a>: 2004-05</span></li><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Jassem_Cup" title="Sheikh Jassem Cup">Sheikh Jassem Cup</a>: 2005-06</span></li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a name="International" id="International"></a></span></p> <h3 style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Metsu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: International">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">International</span></span></h3> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Cup_of_Nations" title="African Cup of Nations" class="mw-redirect">African Cup of Nations</a>: </span><ul><li><span style="font-size:130%;">Runner-up: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_African_Cup_of_Nations" title="2002 African Cup of Nations">2002</a></span></li></ul> </li></ul> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_football_team" title="United Arab Emirates national football team">United Arab Emirates</a></span></p> <ul style="font-weight: bold;"><li><span style="font-size:130%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cup_of_Nations" title="Gulf Cup of Nations">Gulf Cup of Nations</a>: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Gulf_Cup_of_Nations" title="2007 Gulf Cup of Nations">2007</a></span></li></ul>LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUSThttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05359305003487451896noreply@blogger.com0